Essentials of Computer Science Engineering.pptx

This ppt consists Essentials of Computer Science Engineering.pptx

1. Chapter 1 The Big Picture

2. In Class Activity A short video on essential components inside a computer – a hardware walkthrough  Motherboard components: https://youtu.be/1cEZFW-7qRE    Disassembling :  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OuVO6pM8J_8 Assembling a PC:  https://youtu.be/2UY-UhUUJzo   An activity on identifying parts inside through an image A short quiz on the parts of the computer  2

3. Chapter Goals 3 25

4. Computing Systems 4 2 Computing systems are dynamic!  What is the difference between hardware and software ?

5. Computing Systems 5 3

6. Abstraction 6 5

7. Internal and Abstract View 7

8. History 8

9. 9 Early History of Computing 6 Abacus   An early device to record numeric values Blaise Pascal    Mechanical device to add, subtract, divide & multiply Joseph Jacquard   Jacquard ’ s Loom, the punched card Charles Babbage Analytical Engine

10. 10 Early History of Computing 7 Ada Lovelace First Programmer, the loop Alan Turing Turing Machine, Artificial Intelligence Testing Harvard Mark I, ENIAC, UNIVAC I Early computers launch new era in mathematics, physics, engineering and economics 

11. First Generation Hardware (1951-1959) 11 8

12. Second Generation Hardware (1959-1965) 12 9

13. 13 Third Generation Hardware (1965-1971) 10

14. 14 Fourth Generation Hardware (1971-?) 11 Large-scale Integration (VLSI)  Great advances in chip technology PCs, the Commercial Market, Workstations Personal Computers and Workstations emerge New companies emerge: Apple, Sun, Dell … Laptops, Tablet Computers, and Smart Phones Everyone has his/her own portable computer

15. 15 Parallel Computing and Networking 12 Parallel Computing Computers rely on interconnected central processing and/or memory units that increase processing speed Networking Ethernet connects small computers to share resources File servers connect PCs in the late 1980s ARPANET and LANs  Internet

16. 16 First Generation Software (1951-1959) 13 Machine Language Computer programs written in binary (1s and 0s) Assembly Languages and Translators Programs written using mnemonics, which were translated into machine language Programmer Changes Programmers divide into two groups: application programmers and systems programmers

17. Assembly/Machine 17

18. 18

19. 19 Second Generation Software (1959-1965) 14 High-level Languages English-like statements made programming easier: Fortran, COBOL, Lisp

20. 20 Third Generation Software (1965-1971) Systems Software Utility programs Language translators Operating system, which decides which programs to run and when Separation between Users and Hardware Computer programmers write programs to be used by general public (i.e., nonprogrammers) 15

21. System Software system software consists of a variety of programs that support the operation of a computer This software makes it possible for the user to focus on an application or other problem to be solved, without needing to know the details of how the machine works internally. 21

22. Example you probably wrote programs in a high-level language like C++,  using a text editor to create and modify the program.  You translated these programs into machine language using a Compiler.  The resulting machine language program was loaded into memory and prepared for execution by a loader or linker. you may have used a debugger to help detect errors in the program. 22

23. Application Program

24. Third Generation Software (1965-1971) 24 16

25. 25 Fourth Generation Software (1971-1989) 17 Structured Programming Pascal  C++ New Application Software for Users Spreadsheets  Word processors  Database management systems

26. 26 Fifth Generation Software (1990- present) 18 Microsoft Windows operating system and other Microsoft application programs dominate the market Object-Oriented Design Based on a hierarchy of data objects (i.e. Java) World Wide Web Allows easy global communication through the Internet New Users Today ’ s user needs no computer knowledge

27. Inventions 27

28. Inventions 2011 – snapchat 2012 – IPv6 , Virtual Reality 2013 – Drones , Play station 2014 – Alexa (Amazon) , USB –C 2015 – Apple Watch 2017 – TikTok 2019 – video Streaming (Disney+) 28

29. 29 Computing as a Tool Programmer / User Applications Programmer (uses tools) User with No Computer Background Systems Programmer (builds tools) Domain-Specific Programs

30. 30 Computing as a Discipline What can be (efficiently) automated? Four Necessary Skills Algorithmic Thinking Representation Programming Design 21