ETCS

European Train Control System, a train collision avoidance system

1. By:- RANVEER SINGH M.Tech (ICE) – 3 rd Sem. 1 European Train Control System Date : 04/10/2017

2. Contents 2 Introduction History Indian Railways System Major functions of control system Components Used About ETCS levels ETCS functions ETCS in India ETCS Deployment and Applications Future Planning Conclusion References

3. Introduction 3 Train control is the process by which the movement of rail rapid transit vehicles is regulated for the purposes of safety and efficiency . The train control system is analogous to the sensory organs and central nervous system of the human body. It senses and processes information, makes decisions, and transmits commands. ETCS based is on digital track-car transmission. This transmission may be made by balises , short, average or long loops, digital radio channel or specialized transmission modules.

4. Cont… 4 ETCS is a train Collision avoidance system. Automatic Train Control (ATC) reduces the involvement of human in the operation of trains. Aims: Improving safety, train services, reducing staff costs. ETCS lays the foundation for highly automated transportation and securely positions rail operators for the future.

5. History 5 By the end of the 1980s, the advent of high-speed trains showed that signaling based on line side signals is insufficient. On 4 and 5 December 1989, a working group including Transport Ministers resolved a master plan for a trans-European high-speed rail network, the first time that ETCS was suggested. Eurobalise developed after a crash in 1985 and it was deployed in the early 1990s on French lines. About the same time the idea came up to develop a common train protection system for Europe leading to the 91/440/EEC as of 29 July 1991. Since 1993 the organizational framework was in place to publish  TSI standards .

6. Cont… 6 Then, at the end of 1993, the EU council issued an Interoperability Directive and a decision was made to create a group of railway expert called ERTMS Group, This allowed for the first drafts of the new technology and since 1996 the elements were tested by six railway operators which had joined the ERTMS user group. In the summer of 1998, the UNISIG (Union of Signaling Industry) comprising the European Signaling companies Alstom , Ansaldo Signal, Bombardier, Invensys Rail , Siemens and Thales was formed to finalize the TSI of the ERTMS project. Siemens has been heavily involved in the specification of the system, and in 2006, jointly with Thales, equipped the first ETCS line in regular service – Juterborg -Halle-Leipzig.

7. Cont… 7 Fig.- History of Signaling System./ www.railwaysignalling.eu© 2013-2014 The first contract to run the full length of a cross-border railway was signed by Germany and France in 2004 on the high-speed line from  Paris  to   Frankfurt , including LGV Est. Three successive Memorandums of Understanding were signed in 2005, 2008 and 2012 by the European Commission and the railway stakeholders to further deploy ERTMS on Europe’s rail network.

8. Indian Railways 8

9. Indian Train Control System 9 ICF Coaches 1955 till now used. Max. speed 110km/hr. Weight per 10m is 39.5 tones. Length : 23.5 m. The coaches climb over each in accidents causing serious casuality . LHB Coaches 1999 from Germany. Max. speed 200km/hr. Lighter weight (17.8 tones), more comfortable than ICF, low maintenance cost. Material - Al Stainless Steel. Pneumatic Disc Brake, Fiat Bogie. 1LHB Coach Cost: 1.5 to 2 Cr.

10. Major Functions of C ontrol S ystem 10 Train Protection:- Prevention of collision and derailments. Train Operation:- Control of train movement and stopping at stations. Train Supervision:- Direction of train movement in relation to schedule. Communication:- Interchange of information among the elements of the system.

11. Components Used 11 Eurobalise GSM-R Lineside Electronic Unit (LEU) Interlocking (IXL) Radio Block Center (RBC) Euro vital computer (EVC) Driver Machine Interface (DMI) Odometer Sensors Signal Encoder

12. Eurobalise 12 Siemens Eurobalise in Germany. Electromagnetic navigation system. Received signal of train speed up to 500kmph. Typically spaced 3 meters apart. Euroloop cables connected to transmits telegrams at a specific site. Euroloops had been used in Switzerland which completed the change in July 2010.

13. Cont… 13 Basic Transmission Module (BTM) mounted under a passing train. The downlink uses an amplitude modulation on the 27.095 MHz frequency. The uplink uses FSK with 3.951 MHz (0) and 4.516 MHz (1). The data rate of 564.48 kbps is enough to transmit 3 copies of a telegram to a train passing at 500 km/h. In a practical setup the BTM requires 65 Watt to power the Eurobalises and to receive the telegrams with the BTM mounted 21 cm (8  1 ⁄ 4  in) above top of rail on a bogie.

14. Size of Eurobalise 14 Length 440 mm Width 262 mm Height 42 mm Weight < 5 kg Temperature Range - 40 / +70°C Designed for railway and metro lines Compatible with the majority supports used in ERTMS and KER applications Available with different type of connector (screw or bayonet)

15. AlTrac 6413 TSS 15 AlTrac 6413 ETCS TSS is a trackside system for the European Train Control System (ETCS) Level 1. The system fulfils the requirements for train interoperability on European routes and ensures that train movements are properly monitored. Detects signal aspects   Calculates signal information Transmits the appropriate ETCS telegram to Eurobalise / Euroloop .

16. GSM-R 16 International wireless communications standard. used for communication between train and railway regulation control centre. The distance between the base stations is 7–15 km. Freq. band 900 MHz to 1.6 MHz

17. RBC 17 The RBC is a device used at ETCS Level 2 acting as a centralized safety unit which, using radio connection via GSM-R, receives train position information and sends movement authorization and further information required by the train for its movement.

18. ETCS Levels 18 An ETCS level, which specifies the required equipment components, such as balises installed in the track, an RBC and an LEU. Level 1: ETCS is installed on line side and on board; spot transmission of data from track to train (and versa) via  Eurobalises  or  Euroloops . Level 2: As level 1, but eurobalises are only used for the exact train position detection. The continuous data transmission via GSM-R with the Radio Block Center (RBC) give the required signaling Information to the drivers display. There is further line side equipment needed, i.e. for train integrity detection. Level 3: As level 2, but train location and train integrity supervision no longer rely on trackside equipment such as track circuits or axle counters.

19. Level 1 19 Fig.- https://www.thalesgroup.com/en/european-train-control-system-etcs level 1

20. Level 2 20 Fig.- https://www.thalesgroup.com/en/european-train-control-system-etcs level 2

21. Level 3 21 Fig.- https://www.thalesgroup.com/en/european-train-control-system-etcs level 3

22. Fig.-https://books.google.co.in/books? / Level 3 train control system. 22

23. ETCS Functions 23

24. Advantages of ERTMS 24

25. Cont… 25 a new and superior model for braking curves, a cold movement optimization and additional track description options. Improve the system's efficiency on long cross-border distances. Increasing Safety and Security Higher performance, improved track utilization and greater passenger service frequency

26. ETCS in India 26 Thales has developed the signaling system known as the ETCS to prevent train mishaps and Indian Railways chooses the system as the basis of TPWS to enhance safety in train operation.  TPWS has been operational on the 48km Chennai Beach - Gummidipoondi line since 2008. The Indian Railways has launched a TPWS provided by French firm Thales on the 68-km-long Basin Bridge- Arakkonam section in southern India was inaugurated by Akhil Agrawal , Director General (Signal & Telecommunication), Railway Board, at Ambattur station, Chennai completed on December 2016. Raviprakash Karcherla , Director in Charge of Ground Transportation for Thales in India. Northern railways, installed in 12279/12280 Taj Express, 14211/14212 Agra- New Delhi intercity express.

27. Cont… 27 Indian Railways intends to implement Train Protection Warning System (TPWS) on a total of approximately 7,900 km of main lines across the country out of which 3,300 km has already been budgeted. As per plan, a total of approximately, 2600 ETCS on board systems shall be installed on locomotives. Currently two projects are on tender and both are in Kolkata region.  While the 128-km long line, 30 stations, 62 electric multiple unit (EMU) trains to be equipped in the Eastern Railway, another 121-km long rail line, 27 stations, 70 EMUs to be equipped with the modern signaling system as accident prevention measure. Deployments are also planned on the Chennai Beach - Tambaram - Chengalpattu line, where a tender is underway, and on the Arakkonam - Jolarpettai sections.

28. Cont… 28 Northern Indian Railways: Supplier (for the Lev.1 system) of: BTM and Antennas (35) Compact LEU (290) Eurobalises (520) EVC (35) Southern Indian Railways: Supplier (for the Lev.1 system) of: BTM and Antennas (84) Compact LEU (108) Eurobalises (520) EVC (84)

29. ETCS Deployments 29 October 2008: Opening of Beijing–Tianjin Intercity Railway equipped with ETCS Level 1. December 2009: Opening of Wuhan–Guangzhou High-Speed Railway equipped with CTCS Level 3 (based on ETCS Level 2). In France, July 2017: The LGV SEA from Tour to Bordeaux opens with ETCS level 2. Other countries are: Australia, Spain, Switzerland, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Israel etc.

30. Greece Onboard - lev. 1 Scandinavia STM Nordic UK Cambrian Coast - lev. 2 Romania Campina – Predeal lev. 1 India Chennai - Gummudipundi - lev. 1 Delhi - Agra - lev. 1 China Zhengzhou-Xi’an - lev. 2 Shijiazhuang - Taiyuan – lev. 1 Onboard - lev. 1-2 Czech Republic Poříčany - Kolín – lev. 2 Belgium - Netherlands Onboard lev. 1/2 Spain - France Figueres - Perpignan - lev. 1/2 Spain Madrid - Llerida - lev . 1/2 Onboard – lev . 1/2 France LGV Est - lev . 2 Tournan - Marles en Brie - lev . 1/2 Onboard - lev . 1/2 Onboard - lev . 2 Austria – Hungary Vienna - Budapest – lev. 1 Italy Turin - Milan HSL, lev. 2 Milano - Bologna HSL, lev. 2 SCMT (STM) projects Onboard - lev. 1 Onboard - lev. 2 Germany Saarbrücken - Mannheim Lev. 2 Ansaldo STS: ERTMS Applications 30

31. Future Planning 31

32. Conclusion 32 Over the last years, ERTMS has become a trending topic when talking about European railways. As an ATP, ERTMS is a safety system that enforces compliance by the train with speed restrictions and signaling status. GSM is no longer being developed outside of GSM-R, the manufacturers have committed to supplying GSM-R till at least 2030. The ERA is considering what action is needed to smoothly transition to a successor system as GPRS or Edge.

33. References 33 https://ec.europa.eu/transport/modes/rail/ertms_en . https://books.google.co.in/books? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Train_Control_System www.railwaysignalling.eu© 2013-2014/History of Signaling System. https://www.thalesgroup.com/en/european-train-control-system-etcs https://www.mobility.siemens.com/mobility/global/SiteCollectionDocuments/en/rail-solutions/rail-automation / train- control- systems/ trainguard - 200 -rbc-en.pdf https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/cover-story/Nov,2016 . Http://www.raillynews.com/2012/ertms-in-spain-worldwide/etcs-2-2/ "ETCS Level 2 for Entire Danish Network" .  Railway Gazette International .  DVV Media Group . 19 December 2008. Retrieved 25 December 2014.

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