Ethical Guidelines By APA

Ethical issues and guidelines as per American Psychological Association for humans as well as animals.

1. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS

2. AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (APA) World’s largest association of psychologists. Membership of more than 137,000 Founded in 1892 Headquarters at Washington D.C, United States of America. Aims at advancement in creation, communication and application of psychological knowledge.

3. MEANING OF ETHICS Philosophical term. Greek word “ethos" meaning character. Rules of conduct recognized as appropriate to a particular profession or way of life. According to Collins Dictionary(1979), “ethical means accordance with principle of conduct that are considered correct especially those for a given profession.”

4. GENERAL PRINCIPLES Principle A: Beneficence and Nonmaleficence Principle B: Fidelity and Responsibility Principle C: Integrity Principle D: Justice Principle E: Respect for People’s Right and Dignity

5. ETHICAL STANDARD Resolving Ethical issues Competence Human Relations Privacy and Confidentiality Advertising and Other Public Statements Record Keeping and Fees Education and Training Research and Publication Assessment Therapy

6. RESOLVING ETHICAL ISSUES Misuse of psychologist’s work Conflicts between ethics, law and legal authorities Conflicts between ethics and organization demand Informal resolution of ethical violation Improper complaints

7. COMPETENCE Boundaries of competence Providing services in emergencies Maintaining competence Bases for scientific and professional judgments Delegation of work to others Personal problems and conflicts

8. HUMAN RELATIONS Unfair discrimination Sexual and other harassment Avoiding harm Multiple relationships Third -party request for services Cooperation with other professional Informed consent

9. PRIVACY AND CONFIDENTIALITY Maintaining confidentiality Discussing limits of confidentiality Recording Disclosures Consultations Use of information for didactic or other purpose

10. ADVERTISING AND OTHER PUBLIC STATEMENTS Avoidance of false and deceptive statements Statements by others Media presentations

11. EDUCATION AND TRAINING Design of education and training programs Description of education and training programs Accuracy in teaching Student disclosure of personal information

12. RECORD KEEPING AND FEES Documentation of professional and scientific work and maintenance of records Withholding records for payments Fees and financial arrangements Barter with clients

13. RESEARCH AND PUBLICATION Institutional approval Informed consent to research Informed consent for recording and images Deception

14. GUIDELINES FOR ETHICAL CONDUCT IN THE CARE AND USE OF ANIMALS Guidelines developed by APA for use by psychologists working with non-human animal subjects. Informed by section 8.09. Acquisition ,care ,use ,housing, disposition of animals in research must be according to the guidelines.

15. BASIC GUIDELINES Justification of the research Personnel Care and housing of laboratory animals Acquisition of laboratory animals Experimental procedures Field research Educational use of non-human animals

16. JUSTIFICATION OF RESEARCH Clear scientific purpose Purpose should be of scientific potential significance Aware of literature, use alternatives ,minimize number and choosing best species. Institutional animal care & use committee (IACUC) Monitoring the research

17. PERSONNEL Familiar with guidelines Conform to the Animal Welfare Act and applicable federal regulations Information about behavioral characteristics Explicit instructions

18. CARE AND HOUSING OF LABORATORY ANIMALS No specific guidelines for psychological well-being Housing facilities should meet current guidelines Procedures to be reviewed by ISCUC and reviews from corresponding committee Responsibility of psychologist and lab keeper under supervision by IACUC

19. ACQUISITION OF LABORATORY ANIMALS Lawfully acquired and consulted for information regarding regulation Responsibility of transporters Trapped in a humane manner Proper use of endangered , threatened or imported animals

20. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES Observational and non-invasive forms are acceptable Use of behavioral procedures , minimal level of aversion and testing painful stimulation on themselves Euthanizing before consciousness is acceptable More than momentary and slight aversive stimulation only in extreme situations Justification from IACUC for prolonged aversion, tissue damage , metabolic disturbances Avoiding muscle relaxants or paralytics without anesthesia

21. Using aseptic techniques during surgery -under trained person -under anesthesia till the end -postoperative monitoring -a voiding multiple surgery Should not be released in wild Euthanasia with legislation of health, environment , aesthetic concern of IACUC

22. FIELD RESEARCH Materially altering behavior and damage to ecosystem Minimum disturbance to the population and areas Avoiding such research on endangered species

23. EDUCATIONAL USE U sed for educational purposes only after review by an IACUC or committee appropriate to the institution.  Consideration should be given to the possibility of using non-animal alternatives.