Evironmental Science Report on Environmental Pollution.pptx

It talks about environmental pollution.

1. Environmental Pollution Ira marie B. Cabahug

2. Environmental Pollution defined: 2 It is the sum of the unhealthful elements in the environment in concentrations higher than normal Pollution Biologists define it as the undesirable change in physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of an ecosystem, that injures or kills living organisms and makes part of the ecosystem unfit for the use we want to make of it

3. pollutants 3 Are substances that causes pollution It may cause primary damage with direct identifiable impact on the environment or secondary damage in the form of minor pertubations in the delicate balance of nature

4. Table 1.1 Gaseous components of dry air Pure Air Components Concentrations (ppm) Percent (by volume) Nitrogen ( ) 780,900 78.09% Oxygen ( ) 209,400 20.94% Inert Gases: Argon Neon Helium Krypton Xenon 9,300 18 5 1 1 0.93% Carbon dioxide (CO2) 315 0.02% Methane Hydrogen 0.5 Natural Pollutants: Nitrogen Oxides Ozone (O3) – Produced by solar radiation and lighting 0.52 0.02 Pure Air Components Concentrations (ppm) Percent (by volume) 780,900 78.09% 209,400 20.94% Inert Gases: Argon Neon Helium Krypton Xenon 9,300 18 5 1 1 0.93% Carbon dioxide (CO2) 315 0.02% Methane Hydrogen 0.5 Natural Pollutants: Nitrogen Oxides Ozone (O3) – Produced by solar radiation and lighting 0.52 0.02

5. General classification of pollution 5

6. AIR POLLUTION The physical and chemical alterations of the properties of air which is harmful to human health, vegetation, and animals

7. Outdoor Pollution - mixture or collection of additional loads of chemicals produced by natural events and human activities which react with natural components of the atmosphere thereby producing harmful effects on the living system 7 Major types of Air Pollution:

8. 8 Burning fossil fuels Photochemical or industrial smog Volcanic eruptions Forest fire Evaporation of volatile organic compounds Natural radioactive radon 222 gas from uranium deposits Major sources of outdoor pollution This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-ND

9. Pollutants Common Members A. Carbon oxides Carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide B. Sulfur oxides Sulfur dioxide, Sulfur trioxide C. Nitrogen oxides Nitric oxide, Nitrogen oxide D. Volatile Organic Compounds ( VOC’s) Methane, Butane, Ethylene, Formaldehyde, Chloroform E. SPM (Suspended Particulate Matter) Particulate Matter Liquid Droplets Dust, soot (Carbon), Asbestos, Chromium, Arsenic Sulfuric acid, Nitric acid F. Photochemical oxidants DDT, Malathion, Pesticides Ozone Acetaldehyde Classes of Air Pollutants

10. Effects of Air Pollution 1. Damage to human health a. Overloading and degrading of the body’s defense mechanisms b. Chronic bronchitis c. Emphysema d. Lung cancer 2. Damage to plants leads to dehydration and inhibition of photosynthesis 3. Damage to materials (e.g., Discoloration of clothes and cars) 4. Depletion of the ozone layer. 5. Increased global warming from the greenhouse effect

11. Factors affecting air pollution levels Wind and rain – they sweep and wash air from one location to another 2.Mountain and hills – block the flow of winds and trap the pollutants for a long period of time, therefore , contribute to pollution bulking up or episodes 3. Temperature inversions – create warm air aids over cooler air because the cool ground air doesn’t rise, and pollutants are trapped in the lower layer of air, often reaching dangerous levels This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC

12. Pollutants Sources Health Effects A. Carbon Monoxide Transportation Acute exposure: headache; dizziness; fatigue syndrome depression Chronic exposure: stress in the cardiovascular system; nausea; confusion; heart attack B. Sulfur Dioxide Stationary combustion sources; industry Acute exposure: inflammation of respiratory tract; aggravation of asthma Chronic exposure: Bronchitis; irritation of respiratory system; cancer C. Nitrogen Oxides Transportation; stationary combustion sources; industry Acute exposure: irritation of skin, eyes and respiratory airways Chronic exposure: bronchitis; irritation od respiratory system; cancer Major Pollutants, Sources, and Health Effects

13. D. Particulates S tationary combustion sources; industry Irritation of the respiratory system E. Hydrocarbons Transportation Irritation of the respiratory system F. Photochemical oxidants Transportation; S tationary combustion sources; industry Acute exposure: respiratory irritation; eye irritation Chronic exposure: emphysema Major Pollutants, Sources, and Health Effects

14. Indoor Pollution 16 Major types of Air Pollution: - derived from the accumulation of build-up of chemicals, suspended pesticulate matter SPM and VOCs inside offices, buildings, houses, schools, and commercial establishments that are harmful to health

15. Source Class or Type Health Threat a. Aerosol sprays triclorothane Difficulty in breathing b. Chlorine- treated water chloroform Cancer c. Air- freshener crystals and mothballs Para- chlorobenzene Cancer d. Tobacco and cigarettes nicotine Lung cancer, heart disease e. Carpets and plastic products styrene Liver and kidney damage f. Floor tiles, pipe insulation, and vinyl ceiling asbestos Lung cancer and other diseases g. Paint stripper and thinner Methylene chloride Diabetes and nerve disorders h. Radioactive soil and water supply Radon- 222 lung cancer i . Unvented gas stoves, kerosene heaters Nitrogen oxides Respiratory disorders j. Dry- cleaning fluids Tetrachloro ethylene Nerve, liver, and kidney damage k. Plywood formaldehyde Lung cancer Types of indoor pollutants, sources and health threats:

16. Water POLLUTION The physical or chemical change in the surface water or ground water that can adversely affect living organisms This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

17. Major sources of water pollution Point source – is a source that discharge pollutants or any affluent, such as wastewater, through pipes, ditches, and sewers into bodies of water at specific locations. Sources: sewage treatment plants of factories; electric power plants; active and abandoned underground coal mine; oil tanker; and offshore oil wells. Non- point source – is one of many wildly scattered sources that discharge pollutants over a large area Sources: Run-offs into surface water, and seepage into groundwater in urban and suburban lands; construction areas; parking lots; and roadways. Sample Footer Text

18. MAJOR WATER POLLUTANTS Pollutants Sources Effects A. Oxygen- demanding Waste (ODW) Natural run-off from land; human sewage; animal waste; decaying plant life; industrial wastes Decomposition by oxygen- consuming bacteria that deplete oxygen in water; fish die or migrate; plant life destroyed; foul odors; and poisoned livestock B. Disease Causing Agents Domestic sewage; animal wastes Outbreaks of waterborne diseases such as typhoid, infectious hepatitis, cholera, and dysentery; infected livestock C. Inorganic Chemicals and Minerals 1. Acids 2. Salts mine drainage; industrial wastes; acid deposition Natural runoff from land; irrigation; mining; industrial wastes; oil fields; urban storms Death of some organisms; increases solubility of some harmful minerals Death of freshwater organisms; salinity build-up in soil makes water unfit for domestic use, irrigation and many industrial uses

19. C. Inorganic Chemicals and Minerals 3. Lead 4. Mercury 5. Plant Nutrients, Phosphates and Run-offs 6. Sediment Leaded gasoline; some pesticides; smelting of lead Natural evaporation and dissolving of industrial wastes; fungicides Natural runoff from land; agricultural runoff; mining; domestic sewage; Natural erosion, poor soil conservation, run-offs from agricultural, mining, forestry, and construction activities Toxic to humans Highly toxic to humans Algae blooms and excessive aquatic growth; death of fish; upset aquatic ecosystem Major source of pollution; fill in waterways, harbors, and reservoirs; reduces the ability of water to assimilate oxygen demanding wastes

20. Land POLLUTION The presence in land of any solid waste in such quantity of such nature and duration, and under such conditions that would be injurious to human health or welfare, animal or plant life, or property

21. Types of solid wastes Municipal solid wastes – include garbage, ashes, bulky discarded items, street litters, animal carcasses and construction/ demolition wastes wet market’s degradable and non-degradable wastes, etc. these are to be collected by municipal government garbage disposal personnel Agricultural solid wastes – manure from livestock and post- harvest crops residues, plant trimmings, and damaged grains as animal feeds litters – refer to wrappers, beer cans, waste paper, plastic bags and cups, bottles, styrofoam , tin cans, diapers, and even condoms 24

22. Thermal or Heat POLLUTION The discharge of heat via energy dissipation into cooling water and subsequently into nearby waterways

23. Major sources of thermal pollution Fossil- fueled electric power plants Nuclear-fueled electrical power- generating facilities Cooling operations associated with industrial manufacturing such as steel foundries, metal manufacturers, and chemical petrochemical producers Earth’s surface temperature CO and CO2 as products of combustion adding to the greenhouse gases Hot water vapor 26

24. Effects of thermal pollution Ecological imbalance resulting in major fish kills near the discharge source Accelerates chemical- biological processes Decreases the ability of the water to hold dissolved oxygen Thermal changes affect the aquatic system by limiting or changing the type of fish and aquatic biota that grow and reproduce in water Contributes to greenhouse effect that results in global warming 27

25. Noise POLLUTION It consist of pressure waves that travel through the air and perceived as unwanted or unpleasant, irritating sound beyond the tolerance of human ear

26. Major sources of Noise POLLUTION Transportation – consists of surface transport vehicles (air and land) and traffic condition INDUSTRIAL – construction and macheneries HOUSEHOLD – home appliances MILITARY – E xplosives, ammunitions, and other warfare equipment This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

27. EFFECTS of Noise POLLUTION TO HUMAN HEALTH, AND THEIR CLASSIFICATIONS Biosocial Health – social interactions by means of communication interferes with conversation interferes with relaxation, leisure, and sleep Biophysical/ physiological effects – effec ts to anatomical and physiological aspects of human beings hearing damage and loss migraine headache stress reaction muscle tension dilation of pupils – wincing stomach spasms constriction of blood vessels which becomes permanent; increase in blood pressure and heartbeat that contributes to heart disease This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

28. Levels of noise that might cause negative effects to the ears and physical body Noise level as low as 50-55 decibels may delay or interfere with sleep and result in feeling pf fatigue upon awakening Noise level in the 90 decibels may cause irreversible changes in the autonomic nervous system. Noise may be a factor of stress- related diseases, such as peptic ulcer or hypertension Noise at or above the 120-decibel level is painful and can initially cause a permanent hearing loss. Noise at the uppermost level greater than 150 decibel even at a single short-term blast may cause traumatic hearing loss and physical damage inside the ear This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

29. Thank You Presenter name : Ira marie b. cabahug Email address : secret Address : secret Tuesday, February 2, 20XX 33