EVOLUTION OF COMPUTER pdf

1. 1
st Generation (1940-1956)
 Huge, slow, expensive and often
unreliable.
 Scientists - Presper Eckert and Willian
Mauchly
 1946 - ENIAC (It used Vacuum Tube)
 1951 – UNIVAC ( Universal Automatic
Computer ) could calculate at rate
10,000 addition p/s
 Magnetic tape was introduced in 1957.
It was a faster and a more compact
method of storing data. Using magnetic
tape became more reliable and cost-
effective.
Problems
 The vacuum tubes generated a great
deal of heat causing many problems in
temperature regulation and climate
control
 The tubes also burnt out frequently
 People operating the computer did not
know that the problem was in the
programming machine

3
rd Generation (1964-1971)

 1961- Development of electronic
circuit – silicone chip
 1964 - Introduced computer
Model: IBM 370 series, CDC
7600, B2500
 It came in several models and
sizes. It was used for business
and scientific programs.
 Microchip replace magnetic Core
memory
 First 256 bit RAM was introduced
and as basis for 1 K bit RAM
Advantages:
Silicone chips were reliable,
compact and cheaper.
Sold hardware and software
separately which created the
software industry.
customer service industry
flourished (reservation and
credit checks)

2
nd Generation (1956 -1963)
 Scientists - John Bardeen,. Walter
Houser and Willian Shockley
 Use transistor - It was small devices
use to transfer electronic signals
across a resister.
Advantages:
transistors were smaller than
vacuum tubes
they needed no warm up time
consumed less energy
generated much less heat
faster and more reliable


4th Generation (1971 - present)
 Introduced computer model: Apple
Macintosh, IBM, DELL, ACER
 1971- Intel created 1
st microprocessor
 1976 – 1
st Apple comp introduced.
 1981 – 1
st IBM PC introduced.
 Were invented - silicone chips,
microprocessor (for comp memory and
logic, circuit that contained thousands
of transistors) and storage devices.
Advantages:
Comp became 100 times smaller than
ENIAC
More speed, reliability and storage
capability
Personal software industry boomed
5
th Generation (present & Beyond)
 Inventions of new hardware
tech such as:
 silicone chips, processor,
robotics, virtual reality,
Intelligent system, program
translate language and expert
system such as:
Teleconferencing
Speech recognition
system
EVOLUTION
OF
COMPUTERS