Evolution_of_Ethernet_Presentatioiiiiiii

Ethernet

1. Evolution of Ethernet From 10 Mbps to Multi-Gigabit Networking Presented by: Your Name Branch: Electronics & Communication Engineering

2. Introduction • Ethernet is the most widely used LAN (Local Area Network) technology. • Developed by Robert Metcalfe at Xerox PARC in 1973. • Standardized by IEEE as IEEE 802.3. • Defines wiring, signaling standards, and data transmission protocols.

3. What is Ethernet? • A family of networking technologies for local area networks (LANs). • Uses CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection). • Provides reliable and scalable communication between computers and devices.

4. Timeline of Ethernet Evolution 1980 – Original Ethernet – 10 Mbps – Coaxial Cable 1995 – Fast Ethernet (802.3u) – 100 Mbps – Twisted Pair 1998 – Gigabit Ethernet (802.3z) – 1 Gbps – Fiber/UTP 2002 – 10-Gigabit Ethernet (802.3ae) – 10 Gbps – Fiber 2010 – 40/100-Gigabit Ethernet (802.3ba) – 40–100 Gbps – Fiber 2017 – 400-Gigabit Ethernet (802.3bs) – 400 Gbps – Fiber 2020+ – Terabit Ethernet (in development) – 1 Tbps+ – Fiber

5. Original Ethernet (10 Mbps) • Standard: IEEE 802.3 • Medium: Thick coaxial cable (10Base5) • Access Method: CSMA/CD • Frame size: 64–1518 bytes • Limitations: High collision rate and short range

6. Fast Ethernet (100 Mbps) • Standard: IEEE 802.3u (1995) • Speed: 100 Mbps • Cabling: UTP (100Base-TX), Fiber (100Base-FX) • Backward compatible with 10 Mbps Ethernet • Advantages: Faster, reliable, and cost-effective

7. Gigabit Ethernet (1 Gbps) • Standard: IEEE 802.3z / 802.3ab • Speed: 1 Gbps • Medium: Copper (1000Base-T) or Fiber (1000Base-SX, LX) • Features: Full-duplex operation, no collisions, improved latency

8. 10-Gigabit Ethernet • Standard: IEEE 802.3ae (2002) • Speed: 10 Gbps • Medium: Fiber optic cables • Application: Data centers, backbone networks • Benefits: High-speed transfer, low interference

9. 40G / 100G Ethernet • Standard: IEEE 802.3ba (2010) • Speed: 40 and 100 Gbps • Medium: Multi-lane fiber connections • Uses: High-performance computing and core networks

10. Conclusion • Ethernet has evolved from 10 Mbps to 400 Gbps and beyond. • Continues to adapt for high-speed communication and IoT. • Remains the backbone of modern networking systems.