Evolution of OS (Operating System)/CS.pptx

Evolution of OS (Operating System)

1. Topic: Evolution of OS

2. Index SL. No. Title Page No. 1 Introduction 1 2 Evolution Of Operating System 2-3 3 Conclusion 4

3. 1 INTRODUCTION The operating system is a system program that serves as an interface between the computing system and the end-user. Operating systems is the software which performs the basic tasks like input, output, disk management, controlling peripherals and create an environment where the user can run any programs or communicate with software or applications in a comfortable and well-organized way. Operating systems have evolved from slow and expensive systems to present-day technology where computing power has reached exponential speeds and relatively inexpensive costs. In the beginning, computers were manually loaded with program code to control computer functions and process code related to business logic.

4. First generation OS (1940 - 1950 ): T he first electronic computer was developed in 1940. This computer was created without any operating system. In that time, programs were written in machine language for each task . It was used to solve only simple mathematical calculations and this calculations didn’t require an operating system. It is the beginning of the development of electronic computing systems which are substitutes for mechanical computing systems due to the drawbacks in mechanical computing systems like, the speed of humans for calculation is limited and they can easily make mistakes. Example - Plug Boards. Second Generation OS (1955 - 1965 ): The second generation represent the first operating system known as GMOS. The first operating system used for real work  GM-NAA I/O was produced by General Motors' Research division for its IBM 704 in 1956. In this generation the Batch processing system was introduced, where a job or a task that can be done in a series, and then it was executed sequentially. GMOS was based on single stream batch processing system, because it collects all similar jobs in groups or batches and then submits the jobs to the operating system using a punch card to complete all jobs in a machine. Operating system is cleaned after completing one job and then continues to read and initiates the next job in punch card. In that time, machines were very big and not everyone could use them, but only professional operators. There was several operating system functions like FMS and IBSYS. Example - Batch Processing. 2 Evolution Of Operating System :

5. Third generation OS (1965 - 1980 ): In this generation new operating system was developed that could perform multiple tasks in a single computer program and this capability is called multiprogramming. It was developed to serve multiple users at once. In this OS interactive users can communicate through an online terminal to a computer, so the operating system becomes multiprogramming and multi-user. The development of minicomputers with DEC PDP-1 leads to developing of personal computers in fourth generation . Example - Multiprogramming. Fourth Generation OS (1980 - Now ): The fourth generation represents the development of personal computer. The Personal computer was very costly back then. In this generation the operating system is used for computer networks where users are aware of the existence of computers that are connected to one another. In this generation Graphical User Interface (GUI) was also introduced, which is an extremely comfortable graphical computer interface, and the era of distributed computing has also begun. Microsoft and the Windows operating system were related to creating personal computers. Some of the popular operating systems are Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, Linux. Linux operating system was created in early 1990s. The first Windows operating system was created by Microsoft in 1975. Windows realized operating systems such as Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows XP. Most Windows users use the Windows 10 operating system. Apple realized another popular operating system developed in the 1980s which is named as Macintosh OS or Mac OS. As the technology advances and new wearable devices like Smart Watches, Smart Glasses, VRGears, and others, the demand for conventional operating systems has also increased. Which operating system is the best for programming depends on the career domain of the programmer, because every OS has advantages and limitations. Example - Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, Linux. 3

6. Conclusion The history of the OS has about half a century. It was largely determined and determined by the development of the element base and computing equipment. At the moment, the global computer industry is developing very rapidly. System performance is increasing, and therefore the ability to process large amounts of data is increasing. Therefore, in recent years there has been a transition to more powerful and most advanced operating systems and the research and development work still goes on, with new operating systems being developed and existing ones being improved to enhance the overall user experience while making operating systems fast and efficient like they have never been before. 4