Excretory System | उत्सर्जन तंत्र | Detailed Notes @irfanullah_mehar.pdf

Excretory System | उत्सर्जन तंत्र | Detailed Notes @irfanullah_mehar.pdf

1. Zoology
<br>
Notebook
<br>
IrfanullahMehar
<br>
[email protected]
<br>
Oirfanullah_mehar
<br>
OWorldofWisdom
<br>

2. fav.
<br>
Jo
<br>
uMHAQISATNAHIHO
HASRAT HO
<br>
MILEKHWABMEINWODAULAT HO
<br>
AuRITNHIBEMURAWWAT HO
<br>
uM)HOkHUSHBUKEKHwABKIKHUSBU.
<br>
KIsLIYEDEKHTE HOAATNA
,
<br>
18l02a025
<br>
TUM
TOKHDSEBH1
<br>
Tucsey
<br>
Excrelyyete
<br>
N
Waste
<br>
KHOBSURATHO
<br>
DasTAN KHATMHONEIWALIHAI,
<br>
TuM MERIAKHIR
MUHABBAT HO.
<br>
JaunEia
<br>
99
<br>

3. Excretoyeyten)
<br>
Glucose
<br>
Oxfdation
<br>
Cot,,0,t
60,
<br>
auifa
(Amngnia)
<br>
Uvícacid(Rse)
<br>
Exretiem(3)
<br>
Oomonegulation
<br>
Lactie
Acid
<br>
Medaboe
Waste
<br>

4. Nhogencnsalacte(sa usae)-
<br>
Amonfe(Snfay)NH)
<br>
PimyNtrogenoualaste
<br>
oeTgoHReadilyScuble)
<br>
KAmmonia
<br>
toric
<br>
XNotStoraklein
<br>
NOT
EAmmonig
<br>
Gitls,
RodySofacesnfe
<br>
asT Rotea
<br>

5. Ammnotefc
Animals(refoSi)
<br>
NH
(Ammcna)yagfrsa
<br>
Ammonotelic.
<br>
E-
AquatfcAthxepccls
<br>
mectlyBoy
<br>
AqsatfcPmphbig
<br>
AnimalAquatc
<br>
L
<br>
(Fog)
lanva)
<br>
Phylun-
Protozoa,Poritea,hcleuteraty
<br>
Arthropodea
<br>
NoTE)Ammonfaeld
-Ammonotel'sm
<br>

6. trmaticno
Aamgnígbybreackedcend
ExcessAnino
Aeiel
<br>
Rotei
n
<br>
|Deanmi natin
<br>
NH
<br>
C-COoH
<br>
R
<br>
d-
Keto
Acial
<br>
NH,
(Ammeniq)
<br>
Ureg
<br>
Liven ornithone
<br>
Cycle
<br>
sT
<br>
NH,
–
co-NH
<br>

7. Ureal
<br>
(gfr)
<br>
NH,–co-HE)
<br>
faton
<br>
ZHdfapLive
Krebs-HenseleitQcle
<br>
-aG
OrnithineCyole(aiataf
<br>
-aes) bed
<br>
SmalArmeuthroable
TnBody
<br>
y
<br>
DnBlood-25-30
mg
lal
<br>
MaivefanOemolavity
<br>

8. NOTE
<br>
Ammonig
<br>
Ammonjg
<br>
9toxiticatier
<br>
OrithfneGyele
<br>
Urea
<br>
Uveotelis
<br>
UveotelicAnimale(gijtoig)T
<br>
Uveotel'e
EHET
<br>
(o
<br>
Gonlilagii
nous
ish(3af2Praca)
<br>
TenestlalAmphibia(*ró
<br>
Mammals(TdeTE)
<br>
Phylum-Annellda
<br>
HltG Ureotee
<br>
TR)
<br>
LAduttArog
<br>
L
AudherianNammals
<br>
(PlaceuctalManmala
<br>

9. 8)Uric
Acid
(gfAO)gH, N,Oz
<br>
NOT
E
<br>
atfay
<br>
Pur'nes
<br>
UricAcid
<br>
Anmenia4
Uneago)
<br>
Xanthins
<br>
(A)
<br>
Yanth
<br>
9xtdlase
<br>

10. NOTE
<br>
NOTE
<br>
Giout(sfe)/
Gouthy
<br>
Arthritis
<br>
ST
(
Joinds)Die
Acidfe)
<br>
Uric
Aefee
<br>
Remova f
<br>
UvicoteLien(R2fos)5Eon
<br>
Armonfe,(NH)
<br>
Ure
<br>

11. <br>
Uricotelíem
<br>
Ex-
<br>
Animals
<br>
Tenoestialfneects
<br>
Reptiles
<br>
Aves
<br>
Uric
Acid
<br>
MahineBirds
-
<br>
hegnet
Femate
<br>
Coclkroaehete
<br>
Lizan
<br>
Snale
<br>
*Spides(Ho)-
Gluanine(ratfa)
<br>
Bircs/ra
<br>
Guanosa))
<br>
Uveg
sfata
<br>
Creatine(fsvef)
<br>
STCreatini
ne
<br>

12. 1
<br>
Phylum-Botozog
<br>
GEs(Genexa!BodySuntace)
<br>
Coelenteratg
<br>
Phyem
Ctenephro
<br>
feos
Colllonbrane
<br>
1Wates
<br>
Wates
CanalByotern
<br>
Phylum Platyhelminthes
-
<br>
Phym
Aschelminthee
<br>
GenalBoaly&utae
<br>
Flamell(s16)3hsni)
<br>
Protonephridia/
<br>
Solenoogtes
<br>
RenettCell()
<br>
GointCell
-
shaped
<br>

13. Phylum
-Annelido
<br>
Nephridia(fof)
<br>
Ex-g3)(thon)
<br>
Neneis
Leech(>s)
<br>
Phyluum-Athropodo*
CoxalGilands
<br>
Payn
<br>
*GreenGland(efrafa)/
AntehnadGlanos
<br>
Ex-
Prauon(fn),
Crab()
<br>
Ex,-a,faza
<br>
*Malpighian
Tubule(îfaufisgo)
<br>
Ex–
Dhsccts(6je)
<br>
Ex-PilaUnio
<br>
Unio
<br>
Ceckroach
<br>
Keben'sGilands(àer)
<br>

14. HamunExcretoy
<br>
System
<br>
-Mefabsl'e
laste
CO,
<br>
*Sweat
<br>
*Nitrognoug
aste
<br>
UYeg
<br>

15. (a-thTharacc.
<br>
Brdlumbiy
<br>
Dntoior
Vengcavg
<br>
(sE)
<br>
19
Jo2)2025
<br>
Wecneadoy
<br>
Human
<br>
Palvis
<br>
Urinong
<br>
AcbuenelGlard
<br>
(Supr
Renal
G
lend)
<br>
RenalArte
<br>
Renadvein
<br>
-Kidney
(RevadGg)
<br>
DorsaAta
<br>
Urete
<br>
Uiny
<br>
bladdes
<br>
opeving
nNale
<br>
Ponis(20c)
<br>
OpeningShemmle
<br>
Yuva?(ucm)
<br>

16. Kidneygss);
<br>
AShape
<br>
*Posiicn
<br>
Kidnsyt
<br>
Radish
<br>
BcanShaped( J)
<br>
Pesituneum
<br>
LastThoracic
<br>
Lunbe
<br>
cuoT12th
Thorqcic
<br>
Lurybeh
<br>
Lune
<br>
Lmb
<br>
BackBone kt
<br>
Peitoneuy
<br>
Vetebrq
<br>
DossalDnnerWal
<br>
Abcbmina/
<br>
dorsalSn
<br>
Ahdominal
GavityDorsal
<br>

17. Lengthxhliath
xhickness
<br>
Abdomina
<br>
Dersal
<br>
Lrner
halt
<br>
190
<br>
Coveringokidnay(5
<br>
170
<br>
Perinum
<br>
Renalsceg(aTAYT)Outes
<br>
Aiposeapsle middlp
<br>
RenalCaupsuleDones
<br>
RenalApevd
<br>
tay
<br>
Rendlvein
<br>
Hilam(singleOpenin
<br>
OpentngRT
<br>
Ureler
<br>

18. Catex
s
<br>
DCT
<br>
Sh8)–
BC+PC+
<br>
Medlulany
Rramid
<br>
lB-12)
<br>
cafl)
<br>
Renad
Co
lumn
<br>
Betini
<br>
Cotex
j
<br>
Medulla
<br>
Nephron
<br>
-Calyx
<br>
Renal
arteN
<br>
Renal
Ven
<br>
Renal
Pevis
<br>
Cortex
<br>
(àforafaia)
<br>
Uveter
<br>
(8-12)
<br>
minor
Colyx
<br>
najar
Calyr
<br>
Renal
Capcule
<br>
Coveng
o
<br>
(3-4
<br>
Pelvis
<br>
tUrete
<br>
Longi
tuebnal
secticn
(Diammaie)
<br>
Urethrg
<br>
eidney
<br>
KlNey
Nephron
NMedulla
<br>
Pyram
<br>

19. Calya
(B12)
Majox
Cayx
<br>
Minor
<br>
(3-u)
<br>
Duc
d
Bellini
<br>
Du
<br>
uct
<br>
opcnings
<br>
Colleeting
<br>
<
Pelvis
<br>
Uneter
<br>
Bladdes
<br>
Uyethrg
<br>
NephroniS
<br>
(
Unt
of
Kidy)
<br>
urinikercug
butes
ft
EEJ
<br>
MES
Ridney
i-
9
fiforyT
(20
)
<br>

20. Pavts
o
Nephrm.
<br>
Giloneulus
/s)96I/ga)
<br>
(1)
<br>
Malpighfan
<br>
Cos
tex
<br>
(2)
Renal
Tubuos
<br>
gosfoa
afoa)
<br>
(
<br>
DCT
<br>
M
edlulla
H
3,
<br>
LH
<br>
(L00p
o
<br>
Hende)
<br>
Loop
<br>

21. Peri
tubular
Capllany
<br>
Convoluted
<br>
Tubale
<br>
Distal
<br>
Glomeudus
<br>
(Capilny
Nefwoak)
<br>
Proxtmal
<br>
Canvolate
<br>
|
(PCT)
<br>
Tubule
<br>
Etexsnt
<br>
Arteiole
<br>
(Nars)
<br>
Atbenent
<br>
Arterole
<br>
CGllecting
Ouct
<br>
Bcwmans
<br>
(Widle)
<br>
Capsude
<br>
UYine
Flew
<br>
Caopillany
<br>
Netwerlk
<br>
Loop
o
Honde
<br>
Nephren
<br>

22. 20
|02]2025
<br>
Thusaday
<br>
Bouhnaun's
Capsude
<br>
Atteret
<br>
1800
AM)
<br>
Glemeulu
<br>
Artoiole
<br>
Co
Glass
<br>
H,0
<br>
Cotex
<br>
ferent
<br>
Arteriole
<br>
Oute
Medaulla
<br>
H,0
<br>
Domer
Meallo
<br>
H,0
<br>
H50
<br>
Urea
<br>
Nephvon)
<br>

23. Netw
oxk
o
Captlaties
<br>
-
<br>
)
Glomeruus
<br>
SIUIe
frs
(E
Heueud
Astoide)
<br>
ntterend
Ateiole
<br>
(sfAne
enfhay)
<br>
oomeun
Capude
e
<br>
Ihne
hlall
<br>
(focRO)
LKa)
<br>
Outes
all
<br>
Gilemeudae
<br>
(Peuieta)
all)
<br>
|Bonomans
Capsude
<br>
+
<br>
Podeoytes
sy.
<br>
aimple
Sqxamouy
Epithe'um
<br>
Malpighian
Body
<br>
Peulicels
<br>
(ROo6
B03yo
)
<br>
Ftsoton
sit/
e
<br>

24. O
Renal
ubule
<br>
RoTen
apsule
<br>
p.c.T
<br>
.CT
<br>
Thiah
Part
<br>
LH
<br>
Asocndling
ft
<br>
Thin
Pat
<br>
Loop
o
Henle
<br>

25. DCT
<br>
Simple
<br>
Cuhoidal
<br>
Sinple
<br>
Coidal
<br>
Hende
Loop
<br>
|
<br>
P.CT.
<br>
Bowbanls
<br>
Capsule
<br>
Thin
<br>
Tak
<br>
Byush
Bosdesed
<br>
Simple
Cubcidal
<br>
Simple
&quamau
<br>
Epítheli'u)
<br>
Simple
Cubcidal
<br>
Epith
alium
<br>
Epithalium
Tiscur
<br>
simple
Squamns
<br>
pithelium
<br>

26. Ronad
Papita
<br>
Usine
<br>
4
<br>
Paasage
<br>
Caly
<br>
Duct
belini
Mina
<br>
Nephron
<br>
Uvetei
<
Renad
Pelvis
<
Major
Couy
<br>
<
<br>
Bladde
<br>
Urethro
<br>
Pausage
Bld
<br>
Eteret
Arteidle
<br>
(Mare
efu
)
<br>
Glomeulus
<br>
Renal
antey
AHereut
Artiole
<br>
(GABa)
<br>
Penitubulas
<br>
Capi
llaty
<br>
Vasg
<br>
Rectq
<br>
Rnal
<br>
(Cortex)
<br>
Rana
<br>
(Meclulla
)
<br>
Venules
<br>
oVein
<br>

27. Typcs
o
Naplozon
<br>
Coxtex
<br>
DCT
<br>
DCT
<br>
PCT
<br>
Medula
<br>
Juxta
<br>
Costiral
<br>
Neplown
l15)
<br>
LH
<br>
Co
<br>
LH
<br>
Vasa
Recta
<br>
(85
)
<br>
(-t)
<br>
VoLRa
Recto
<br>
(tnt)
<br>

28. CexHfcalNeplbem
<br>
8ize-
Sall
<br>
HenleLop-sht
<br>
1aReta
-
Abset
<br>
AYtuse
<br>
Jute
gcmeudas
<br>
Pppaaty
<br>
Dt
<br>
Na
<br>
JurtqMeclullaryeflty
<br>
&i
2e-
Lege
<br>
HenleLop-Lem
<br>
Vaea
Recta
Breceut
<br>
E
fteeutteoly
<br>
Medlullacengg
<br>
JutaqlemeulasCely
<br>

29. J.G
<br>
ReninHormane
<br>
Eytho
jocitinHormone
<br>
6
Hormone
<br>
o
GFR
(Glemesuuloas
<br>
G)hafe
<br>
(aio)
<br>
Blopd
<br>
hleitile
Hormone-
2efae-D
<br>
Rate)a91
BP
<br>
d]
<br>
-
<br>
Homne
<br>
sR
E
Gut
<br>

30. ()Oxhithne
<br>
/Bocess
<br>
foD
<br>
Cyele
<br>
Krob
-
Hene
eleits
yle
<br>
8TP
<br>

31. Hepatoyte
<br>
2NH+
CO2
<br>
2ATP
<br>
Citheine
<br>
\mitoc
hondbfg
<br>
A.
AcFd
<br>
Citrull'ne
<br>
i
aig
(
Loxst
Aoduct)
<br>
Aspadte
acíd
<br>
Ureg
<br>
ATP
<br>
Ael
<br>
H,0
<br>
qcfal
<br>
frginosuceiuie
<br>

32. UrineFornatic)
h
3aROI
-
<br>
Glomeula
Aetatfen[UtraAltraion
<br>
Reabsos
p
tfen
<br>
Seere
tHos
<br>
3
<br>
GHP
<br>
BCOP
<br>
(yrRgSYO)
<br>
(e0))
<br>
Ultra
fJhration)
<br>
CHO
<br>
AlratiomMonbrane>
<br>
oithel'un
<br>
Bueo)et
Membrane
<br>
Tasgs Podecte
<br>

33. Glomeulas
biltratfon
<br>
(i)
GHP(
Glomeulas
HycbestatfePressue)
<br>
GHP
E
<br>
Husan
GHPb5
mm
<br>
Rabbit
<br>
ii)
BCOP(BloodCoeic
Osnmotfc
Presswhe)
<br>
sia
<br>
Plasmg
pxotein
-vogdig
<br>
Humcun Bc0P30
mm
o
Ha
<br>
vepeAswe
or
GitP
<br>

34. ti)
CHp(
Gapsuta'.
Hydrestatfepessune)
-
<br>
Akteet
<br>
Artriole
<br>
Bowmansapsuleb
tiltratio9embrne
<br>
GHPfGE
<br>
1
<br>
CHpaET
<br>
Huaun
<br>
CHp
HlG
=
15mm
<br>
(-ve
presswe
fr
GHP)
<br>
NFP(NetAlteotianreasar)
<br>
Hp-(Bc0p+
CHP)
<br>
Ebeeut
Ateiote
<br>
55-a0t15]
<br>
GilmeualasHydaeshtcPresse
<br>
(GHP=55mm
o
H|
ve
<br>
>Blczd
Colsfdal
Osmotic
<br>
Preacue
<br>
(ecop
-
20mmHy]
-ve
<br>
Copsul
thdaactatfe
<br>
Bessue
<br>
(cHp)5mmof
tg)(-ve)
<br>

35. 22)02)2u5
<br>
GlomerulashultrationRate
<br>
Flaoo
Blopd
<br>
1100-J200
<br>
(9RfarHe
)
<br>
FlasPasm
<br>
650
m
ninuhe
<br>
aT(55)
<br>
5-6
<br>
47.
<br>
6n
<br>
LOy)
<br>
99%
<br>
125ml
<br>
(GFR)-
<br>
GFR
<br>
(1
o0-1200
s)
<br>

36. Facts
<br>
Glomeualas
<br>
Altratios)
<br>
Facion
<br>
(GEF)
<br>
Litre-1.%Lite
<br>
GFR
<br>
Glomenlas
<br>
Gpf
<br>
Plasanc
<br>
Fiou
<br>
)25
<br>
G50
<br>

37. Tubulas
<br>
peT(Poximal
Convoluted
<br>
PCT=
<br>
PCT
<br>
Reabscsphien
(afoá4ykeiye|)
<br>
pCT BrushBoscleedCubolal
<br>
Epithelfum
<br>
NicroviLLi
<br>
fo
<br>
70-80
<br>
ssue
<br>
pCT
<br>
Epiihel'umTissue
<br>

38. PCT
<br>
(Psexímel
<br>
Vitq-C
<br>
cotgede
s
tvefens5TSgo- Ng,Kdc.
<br>
fons joaoHCO,,cretc,
<br>
(B)HendeLoop
RJYPRISngo
<br>
HafrPin
<br>
Aeabsorpticmby
<br>
gchve
Tranaportaten
<br>
LyThinPat
<br>
J(Pasve
franspoh
<br>
Minimu)
<br>
ThíckPat
simpleaubofdal
<br>
Epetheum
<br>
simpe
<br>
Suamou
<br>
Epitheliam
<br>

39. Descending
<br>
Loapof
Hede
<br>
-NaC]
<br>
Na)
<br>
Ascodig
Laop
<br>
Hene
<br>
Achyeabeorption
<br>
ThinPat
<br>
(Theklart)
<br>
Passiveabcorptas
<br>
Rert
)
<br>

40. ©Reabssptiankrn
DCT(oictal
ConvolatedTubata)>
<br>
NOTE
<br>
Reabcerption
y|
<br>
Ngt(Active
)
AldostezuneHornorue
<br>
nseLs hates(Passlve) AD
I9
<br>
ADHHosmome
<br>
minealocoticod(Aldosteune)
AO
<br>
QnditienalReabsnvphion
(ftesgza)
<br>

41. Reaksorpion
byColectingDuct
(slsuesany).
<br>
ADH
Hormone Receptrs
ars
<br>
(Passive
)
<br>
NOTE
KisneyMatsix EROR)(Ocnolasit
<br>
Ureg
<br>

42. Distal
Convcluteal
Jaule
<br>
Pcx)nad
Coovol
ted
oules
<br>
Nutyfacts
<br>
NaC)
<br>
Nac)
<br>
K
<br>
T
<br>
HCOG
H,0
<br>
kt
<br>
11
<br>
K
<br>
Thí
clk
argmet
<br>
ascencing
Limb
<br>
Descandng
<br>
lomb
oh
<br>
Lap
of
Hede
<br>
Nq
C)
<br>
Ureg
<
<br>

43. 6)secrefos(96j)
<br>
PCT°
Secvefion
<br>
Loope
Henle
<br>
DCT
H&ocyetfen
<br>
IonsktHt
<br>
typusfcAid,
<br>
(sa1D),
<br>
<br>
Toxic
Qubstance
(faUNAUE)
<br>
HK*,NH,
<br>
HK
<br>
Colleeting
Duct
Secvetion
<br>
Ht,kt
<br>
Nephzon
<br>
Secrehon
by
Aetive
<br>
Franaport
<br>

44. FuncHon
<br>
()PCT
<br>
Mauntainthe
<br>
Buid
<br>
(Blkzd)
<br>
ph
<br>
ph
BI
HE(Leic
Balance)
<br>
pH
Boay
Nng
<br>
NH
<br>
Renal
<br>
LHCOS
<br>
feles
<br>
Ht,
KT,NH
<br>
-Maintainthe
<br>
Senicalance
<br>

45. FunctHmsoh
<br>
o HendeLooP
<br>
Kidna
<br>
((ege
<br>
qlecdully
<br>
(Highoamoty)
Maitafyf
<br>
H,0
<br>
-
<br>
(Passlve)
<br>
1111
<br>
NaC)
<br>
(Achive)
<br>
Nac)
<br>
(Passive)
<br>
1
<br>
800
<br>
nos
mel/i.
<br>
1200mos
mol
<br>

46. Kidney Medulla Osmalaity(eRS)
<br>
fap Uveg
<br>
LonicBalance
<br>
ons
<br>
MeinainTblaindalnSone
<br>
p
<br>
Ureg
<br>
H,0
<br>
Balonek
<br>

47. Cortox
<br>
200
<br>
5
<br>
Ngckt
<br>
NaC|etA
<br>
Nae
<br>
luDo
<br>
2ct
<br>
Beanolonty
<br>
fracbant
<br>
Vasq
<br>
Reety
<br>

48. NOTE
<br>
echanfsm
<br>
VasoRecta
T
<br>
Nqc
<br>
Role
<br>
CounteCuet
echounisn
<br>
i9))Ureg
<br>
Nacy
<br>
Na
<br>
LeDpHonle
<br>
Oamoltyrad'oudaTMadnday
<br>
FRT
itialrete
<br>

49. Uvíne
(9)
<br>
Urechemepipmeut1.R)
<br>
(H0)la5:)
<br>
Unea
<br>
UdeAcid(0:78/2)
<br>
(-3-9.23)
<br>
Na
l9o6)
<br>
+
<br>
K)
<br>
(2c5)
<br>
NH3 (0.6)
<br>
Cveatinine(k58/)
<br>

50. (RegulatienKkdnsy
functiea)
<br>
fragr
<br>
T
B)cz
dVolum
B.P.
<br>
Case-IQRERG
C) gia
<br>
NOTE
<br>
se
(oonojarity
Elecd)
<br>
ADH/Vasopyessin)
<br>
Shula
<br>
ation
<br>
Polyweah
<br>
DfabeteaDaipfaus
<br>
(GR-R
aie))
<br>

51. (RequlationbyJ.G.Cellsolkfan)
<br>
LaeGFR
<br>
R.9.A.seReH
<br>
BloVolume
<br>
L
<br>
slopdProsswre
<br>
DnieGneetatn|
<br>
JGColl
<br>
GFR,BY,8P,
DoicGencentato
<br>
Angiotensín
<br>
Alasteune
<br>
Acthenel
Cortox
<br>
stemuloteoNI
<br>

52. RAAS=
<br>
Live
<br>
Renih-Augiotunsi
nAldls&lounstem
<br>
Aigiconsine
<br>
(hfus)
<br>
3qe)yeypCT
<br>
S
AdenalCobex
<br>
GFR
<br>
Conver
<br>
Angiatnsih-]
<br>
()
<br>
BloodVolume
<br>
Conve
<br>
Enzgyme
<br>
GFR1
<br>
RARS
T
<br>

53. ANA
<br>
ystern
ypes
<br>
RAAS
<br>
Kfaney
<br>
etimulates
<br>
ANE
<br>
hype
<br>
Heat
<br>
RAAS
<br>
ANE:AbalNatiete
<br>
factor
<br>

54. K'dneyFailwe
<br>
Failue
<br>
Homo
clíalysis
<br>

55. Glycoswug(s9150)2k)
-
<br>
(ngpE)
<br>
Ketonwia(gfy
)
<br>
Stune
<br>
Ureter
<br>
Stone
a
<br>

56. Gtune=
<br>
NephroUthiaais
<br>
Dolydraien(vr)
<br>
Oet~n,Nulsj00T,dho
<br>
Genetfetactors
<br>
)CaleiumStones
<br>
Calciumoxalate
<br>
Calclumphoephate
<br>
UcAddstone-
<br>

57. BSC4thSemester
<br>
ComparativeUrinogenitalSystem
<br>

58. Uzinggoital
<br>
Comparative
<br>
o8l08
2025
<br>
Öyctolagus
<br>
Cslumba
<br>
Varus
<br>
Reno
<br>
1Scol
to
clo
<br>
Oxeretoy
<br>
gn
<br>
No
<br>
Kfdney
<br>
Muctanephe
<br>
Metanephíc
gas
<br>
meLonephvic
Kidney
<br>
Mesonephalc
kidney
ne
pair
o
<br>
aMetanephúc
Kidngy
<br>
(1
pair)
<br>
One
pai'r
<br>
Uretes
<br>
one
par
ot
<br>
Uvates
<br>
Ohe
par
o
UretesOne
par
oh
Ureter
<br>
Usirsiy
Alacddle
<br>
Pe
<br>
sinug
j
<br>
Cloaca
<br>
Cloacg
abe
<br>
Coumn
<br>
)EAT
<br>
Vevchal
suface
<br>
S12T]
Cap
sule
<br>
iy
abset
<br>

59. -Oval
sape,
<br>
Yetraly
ebT
<br>
aland
<br>
male
<br>
Renal
gland
<br>
(aY
)
<br>
STVescelg
<br>
hn-seortony
j
<br>
Cortex
Medalh
<br>
Costex
Medalla
fh
<br>
Costex
medileai
<br>
Malgiakia
<br>
body
<br>
ohle
twp
absev
<br>

60. Ureter
ord
<br>
Ureter
<br>
Urete
<br>
Urotes
<br>
Uvinay
Bladde
<br>
Cloaca
t
Urodbun
<br>
Unnegental
sinu
|Cleaca
<br>
HEJ
wete
<br>
gobVeral
<br>
-Unogental
<br>
sus
abs
cut.
<br>
Urnagen
tal
<br>
siIS
aloset.
<br>
abse
<br>
Urinog
<br>
-
Ureteh
cloocc)
<br>
9
<br>
2TEm
)
<br>

61. Bladds
<br>
Bladdes
<br>
abcent
<br>
absent
<br>
male
Urctoy
<br>
Uneotelfc
<br>
Uicotelc
<br>
Uricotelfe
<br>
Uyeotel'c
-
<br>
Ammonot
e
<br>
guano
obEmld)
<br>

62. Male
Reprcluctve
System
<br>
Oyctolague
<br>
Coumb
<br>
Vasave
<br>
Rana
<br>
Scoloclon
<br>
No
<br>
Seol'odon
<br>
1)
<br>
Coxual
dmorplhlgm
<br>
Bexual
dlmorphah
<br>
absondaao
<br>
Pelvfc
kin
<br>
R)
Pans
<br>
Hemj
-
penfs
<br>
Clas
pes
oe
f
bcent
<br>
fa
<br>
I
paur
tetee,
<br>
Vasa
kbeneuda
nfefu
<br>
Hern
<br>
BRs
<br>
penis
(arâ)
<br>
herenta,
<br>
OParedl
<br>
1estes,1
pir
<br>
O,
<br>
Vasqettenetia,
<br>
Vesa
<br>
Vas
deterens,
a
yssl0
<br>
Semfnal
Vegicle,
<br>
Claspc
<br>

63. e
Teates
<br>
Seminifeg
tubule
<br>
|Leyd'n
Cells
<br>
Lydng
Cella
ab,|
<br>
Vasq
<br>
<ttekent'g
<br>
rete
teste
<br>
Vasa
hel
ento
<br>
Vasq
ehteeutia
<br>
Vasa
etteenta
<br>
(goa)
<br>
S)
<br>
epfdidymfs
<br>
Bdoele
Canal
<br>
Urete
<br>
Yas
dakewn&
<br>
(
<br>
Sggs
<br>
anfea)
<br>
Vey
aeoene
<br>
Unet
<br>
daeene
<br>
(siaf
-ifora)Ur
<br>
6
<br>
Vas
<br>
tttttttiliitiiHJJMW
<br>
Somial
Vegicle
Sominal
<br>
Sominal
Voaiclr
<br>
Semfnal
Veasicle
<br>

64. Geminal
<br>
Vesiolso
<br>
Semiuad
Veat
ce
<br>
qubset
<br>
Semínal
Veafclr
<br>
Semial
Veasicle
<br>
Urfnegonital
sinus
<br>
(Speum
storage
E
feue
<br>
(
spen
stornge
<br>
)
<br>
(Spam
storage
<br>
Usinageikl
<br>
Uhineg
ondded
<br>
siuus
Brnegent
<br>
CAnali
ahcent
<br>
Spm
sac
<br>
abcent
<br>
Spem
<br>
Uvnegewtal
sie
<br>
Peris
<br>
Absent
<br>
1Remi
pen's
<br>
AbSent
<br>
DGpulatoy
ogon
<br>
clazpes
<br>

65. Accessoy
<br>
4Acces
<br>
Aoshate
gland,
<br>
Coup
e's
gaund
<br>
Rectad
zkanads
<br>
Pexi
heal
alaurda
<br>
)
<br>
1)
<br>
bsnt
<br>

66. female
Repro
oluct'e
<br>
rycto
lagug
<br>
Cotunbg
<br>
Vaag
<br>
Ran
<br>
S.
<br>
No
<br>
oviducts,
Ovidual
aTt
awdud,Fallopian
tubes
<br>
paro
ovoua
<br>
anaf
<br>
Uteus.,
cv'sac
(teus)
a)
<br>
funnel
<br>
1
<br>
Vagia
<br>
3io3bR)
(ovisac
/|
(G03<6}9),
Ostg
<br>
3102s
<br>
io3afefauj,
F9J
<br>
Ovfolucts,
<br>
uteus
<br>
Serual
Organ
<br>
pair
o
vaues,
<br>
FPqomad
egm,
<br>
shall
glande,
<br>
Vgina,
<br>
Cloqcq
<br>
vay
<br>
One
<br>
pai,
<br>
vaysac)
<br>
-
<br>
Splgunad
<br>
aforaaR
Epigcod
<br>

67. rianot
<br>
Mulleriay
<br>
duct
<br>
Oriduct-
mullesian
<br>
Ovfduet
=
ducts
<br>
Ovfdhct
<br>
Ls
muleran
duct
Fallepiun
tube
<br>
Oviduct
<br>
fhbiated
kunne
<br>
vicueal
tunnel
<br>
a)
<br>
Sea)R
(Ovisac)
<br>
glaind
<br>
Utesus
<br>
GTEaft,
îet.
<br>
abset
<br>
developmet
<br>
wteje
horns
<br>

68. CHHHHHHHJJJJJJDDI
<br>
utesus
<br>
3
Valvg
-
absen
<br>
8)
Vuvg
()
<br>
absent
<br>
Urogenítl
sfuc
<br>
cbechld
<br>
Peaineal
land,
<br>
Anal
glands,
<br>
Batholiy's
gland
<br>
Mamahy
aland
<br>
Specife
Serual
<br>
ganale
ab
ceut
<br>

69. Mesevaswm
<br>
Vasdefenens
<br>
Urete
<br>
Posterior
uninay
<br>
Rectm
<br>
Lener
<br>
Ardeúorendof
Kflney
<br>
Yasg
<br>
Teatis
<br>
Senmíyal
Veaical
<br>
Scol'odon:Malefrep
<br>
&peunac
<br>
Opuning
<br>
Oponing
<br>
Cpening
<br>
wetes
<br>
Senmnadvesécle
<br>
Speemsoc
<br>
poe
<br>

70. Ovaoy
<br>
Rectal
glnd
<br>
Roctum
<br>
Oviduet
kunnel
<br>
Lenet
<br>
Ovfduet
<br>
chelgtavd
<br>
Female
<br>
Ureter
<br>
Vagind
<br>
Abdominal
pore
<br>
Rep.System
<br>

71. Fat
<br>
Teslis
<br>
Adenal
<br>
Rectum
<br>
Bladde
<br>
Vas
c
<br>
Cloaca
<br>
Apertuse
<br>
Senúafetau
<br>
Retetesis
<br>
B.fddesCanal
<br>
tuleules
<br>
Suminal
Vesícle
<br>
-
Uietes
<br>
Cloaco
<br>
Male
Frog Uanogewil getem
<br>
duct
<br>

72. Adenal
<br>
glaund
<br>
Reetum
<br>
Blacdeles
<br>
Fernale
<br>
Ft
<br>
Ostum
<br>
-
Ovtluct
<br>
Ureter
<br>
Ovfsac
<br>
cloaco
<br>
cloaca/
<br>
apertuse
<br>
Urinogoutal
rat
<br>

73. Uretes
<br>
Rectum
<br>
hemi
poxte
<br>
nuasOSCim
<br>
Toati's
<br>
mutiean
tule
<br>
Vasdefees
<br>
(uclttfndu)
<br>
whete
<br>
hemi
penis
<br>
MaleUsomabix-Usihageuut/
<br>

74. Urdten
<br>
Rectum
<br>
Bladder
<br>
femaleUaomahr
<br>
meso
tubasuy
<br>
Cviducel
tune
<br>
esavaum
<br>
Ovat
<br>
Adbenalgande
<br>
-ovicuct
<br>
shell
glu
<br>

75. Suminal
Vesfcle
<br>
Cloc
<br>
Male
<br>
Csumbq
<br>
Adenal
<br>
Tetis
<br>
Vasdeeens
<br>
-
Ureter
<br>
duct
<br>
Proctoeum
<br>

76. mateGele
<br>
Urotes
<br>
(vetga)
<br>
Gpu'ig
<br>
Uteus
<br>
FemaleGunbg:
<br>
Cvfaucalfund
<br>
veglna
<br>
Gionepove
<br>

77. SenjnalVesfcle
<br>
Yasdeterens
<br>
Bostateglng
<br>
Spemat
cord
<br>
Uretg
<br>
Ureter
<br>
Testi's
<br>
Kilrey
<br>
Pews
<br>
Glans
<br>
kadder
<br>
Uterus
<br>
PerinealGlande
<br>
masculius
<br>
Chambe
<br>
scrotuy
<br>

78. 1o|0e|2025
<br>
Fnbicated
<br>
Falopianube
<br>
mesemetiwmn
<br>
Uinay
kladder
<br>
Jemale
<br>
.Uveter
<br>
ovat
<br>
mesotalpinx
<br>
Uteue
<br>
Droluegenital
<br>
vogína
<br>
ethelnala
<br>
Pêrfneal
<br>
Rect/
<br>

79. IrfanullahMehar12thBio100%(2023)
<br>
%
(
<br>
KuchamanCity
<br>
BIOUGH
<br>

80. IRFANULLAH
<br>
MEHAR
<br>
98824773119
<br>

81. WorldofWisdom
<br>
YOURWISDOM
<br>

82. Congratulations!
<br>
You'vereached550,000views
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