Experiment 1 - PowerPointexperiment.pptx

chemistry for engineers

1. CHEM 142 Introduction & Experiment 1 Course: CHEM 142. 1 – Global Impact of Chemistry for Engineering Term: Fall 2022, Lab Information

2. TA Introduction Name Email Contact information What I do at the Chemistry Department Lab Manager Dr. Adrian Clark Email: [email protected] Phone: [phone]

3. CHEM 142 Canvas Website Lab & Lecture webpage location in Canvas https:// canvas.usask.ca/courses/62235 This site will contain some detailed lab information along with extra lab material (“How To” videos, PowerPoint presentations, worksheets, etc.) to supplement the experiment This site will also be where you submit your lab reports after completing each experiment

4. CHEM 142 Canvas Website

5. Each Experiment (in Canvas under “Modules”) will contain: Lab Manual Instructions (for the particular experiment) for you to read before the lab (this will be a free PDF file) this will also contain graph paper (for those who wish to hand-graph) A PowerPoint Presentation of the experiment for you to read through (this is the same presentation that your TA will go through during the pre-lab talk) A Lab Report “Fillable form” Word File this is the lab report you will fill out and upload back into Canvas after the lab These will be posted the Friday before your lab The Labs

6. The Labs What do I need? Safety Glasses A calculator (scientific, graphing, online) Lab Notebook (any kind) Pen/pencils/white paper (something to write with/on) A ruler (for hand graphs – if so desired) Microsoft Word (to complete the lab report) Free for all UofS students (Microsoft Office 365) https ://paws5.usask.ca/# microsoftadvantage Microsoft PowerPoint (to view the Pre-lab presentations) Optional – Microsoft Excel to complete graphs (if so desired) View/Read/Download all files for the prior to the lab session (in the “Modules” section in the Webpage in Canvas) You may also bring any additional text or notes to any of these lab sessions. Pants & Closed-toe shoes

7. What do I need for the labs? After an experiment is complete you will require access to a scanner, printer, or smart phone/device (with the ability to take photos of the data you completed in lab from your lab notebook) Note: Copiers and scanners are available in all University Library locations Such devices will facilitate the completion of your lab reports and also uploading/sharing content to other students/instructors/TAs

8. How are the labs graded? The Lab Report Worksheets (the “Fillable” Word file) which is due 48 hours after your Lab Period (- 20% each day late) this will contain the majority of the lab mark (~25 marks) you have a maximum of 2 submission attempts on Canvas before the due date (you will not be given any more attempts) STOP 1-2-3’s (completed in the lab then photo uploaded on Canvas) A check to ensure students are collecting reasonable data and performing calculations correctly while performing the lab (3 Marks and/or just initialed by your TA) Each Lab is worth 15% of your Final Grade

9. How do I fill out the Lab report? There are examples in the “How To” Videos that show exactly how to do this It essentially requires you enter in data or take a photo/screen shot of your work and insert it into the Word file You may see that these Word files are “locked” for editing Students can only input information in the fields highlighted in blue (this is to keep the format/sizing the same for all students) We’ll go through this Experiments Worksheet later today https:// usask.cloud.panopto.eu/Panopto/Pages/Viewer.aspx?id=bb44ad7f-0f99-48b0-8cd3-ad6e01513c6a

10. Lab Report Worksheets Log into our Canvas webpage C lick on the Modules page C lick on the Labs tab T hen go to the particular experiment and click on the Worksheet for that lab

11. Lab Report Worksheets There will be information about this report that you will need to read Then you will then click on the .docx file to download the worksheet

12. It essentially requires you enter in data/text or take a photo/screen shot of your work and insert it in the Word file in the BLUE highlighted fields You may see that these Word files are “locked” for editing Students can only input information in the fields highlighted in blue (this is to keep the format/sizing the same for all students) Lab Report Worksheets Note: You may have to open the file by clicking "View" then "Edit Document"

13. Lab Report Worksheets The majority of the fields you will need to upload a photo of your work by clicking on the icon Most of this information will be made in lab, i.e. tables or calculations completed in-lab (but also some can be made at home) then you can take photos

14. Lab Report Worksheets Note some fields may require graphs to be made You can hand-plot the graphs with the graph paper in the instructions (and take a picture to insert in the document ) Or you can use Microsoft Excel to complete the graphs (after which you can take a “screen shot” of the information, and insert the picture) – this method is often easier/preferred There are “How To” videos that show both of these ways!

15. Lab Report Worksheets There are also some fields where you will enter just “text” information

16. Lab Report Worksheets Once you are finished, you will need to save the report (as either a .docx or .pdf) Then click on the green “Start Assignment” to upload

17. Lab Report Worksheets Then scroll down and click on the Choose file button Then Choose the .docx or .pdf file of your worksheet

18. Lab Report Worksheets Then click Submit Assignment button Note this file must be 30 Mb or less or else it won’t be accepted If file size is greater than 30 Mb you may have to reduce the images sizes However make sure your photos are readable or else you may be deducted marks!

19. Lab Report Worksheets Then the file will say it has been submitted for your TA to mark!

20. Lab Report Worksheets Then ALWAYS double check to make sure that you uploaded the correct file by clicking on Submission Details

21. Lab Report Worksheets Then click on the file that you just uploaded and check to make sure it was the correct one

22. Lab Report Worksheets If it was not correct, just click on the Re-submit Assignment and re-submit it ( before the due date ) Remember you ONLY have 1 redo (i.e. 2 attempts in total)

23. Lab Report Worksheets After you TA has marked it and you’ve received your grade, you can click on the “View Feedback” to see and download your marked report

24. A Panopto video of this process can be found in the “How To” module section “How to Complete a Lab Report Worksheet” Please note that these reports will not be accepted by email (not even opened up), worksheets must be submitted through Canvas only Lab Report Worksheets https:// usask.cloud.panopto.eu/Panopto/Pages/Viewer.aspx?id=cfacafc9-0a23-4dfe-a15f-ac2c0030c307

25. All laboratory reports must be original work completed by the student within the allotted time Students must write their reports in their own words (student who work in groups must have their own individual answers ) Depending on the seriousness of the offence, it can range from a grade of “0” on a lab report, to failing the course, to expulsion More information can be found at : Academic Dishonesty https:// secretariat.usask.ca/documents/student-conduct-appeals/StudentAcademicMisconduct.pdf

26. Students are expected to participate in all in person labs However , if an absence is unavoidable, you may apply for an excused absence from the missed lab Excused Absences may be requested when a student can’t attend a lab because of illness, appointments that can’t be rescheduled, or compassionate reasons You will have 2 business days after the missed lab period to apply for this excused absence. The  application for the excused absence form  is available online at: https:// artsandscience.usask.ca/chemistry/undergraduates/lababsenceforms/ Lab Absences

27. S elect CHEM 142 (then sign in with your NSID) Complete the form entirely, then the lab manager will email you whether your excused absence is granted or not Lab Absences

28. Due to the fixed Engineering schedule , there isn’t much flexibility with the labs. If a student misses or does not fully complete an experiment they may be able to attend another lab period that week. If you missed an experiment, you should contact the lab manager, Dr. Adrian Clark, as soon as possible (via email at [email protected] ) and he may be able to re-schedule your experiment (schedule pending) Lab Absences

29. COVID-19 Protocols In order to “protect the pack”, the university is asking all students who are doing in-person work to be mindful and do whatever possible to lower the risk that you will contract COVID-19 and bring it onto campus In the unfortunate event that: you receive a positive COVID-19 test result or if you have symptoms and are awaiting a COVID-19 test or if you have been instructed to self-isolate/quarantine or exposed to COVID-19 by a close contact Please let the lab manager, Dr. Adrian Clark, know as soon as possible by email ( [email protected] ) Please stay home if you are experiencing flu-like symptoms (we’ll be able to accommodate any missed lab)

30. Orientation and Safety In any chemistry lab, working safely must be everyone’s priority Backpacks and coats must be stored in the cubby holes Clean up after yourselves Behave responsibly Wear proper personal protective equipment

31. Safety Equipment Safety Glasses Mandatory at all times! can borrow with your Student ID U of S approved facemask (term depending) Closed-toed shoes Long pants * term depending

32. Orientation and Safety Lab Lockers (and drawer) Cubby holes (for coats/backpacks) Garbage bins at each bench (only paper waste – No chemicals/glassware) Broken Glass Containers

33. Eyewash Stations Safety Shower Clothes Fire Large Chemical Spill Fire Extinguisher Fire Blanket Orientation and Safety

34. Orientation and Safety Fumehoods First Aid Kits Cuts Burns

35. Orientation and Safety Fire Exit Plan

36. Experiment 1: Designing Pop Bottle Greenhouses to Investigate the Effect of Air, CO 2 , and Argon on Temperature

37. Read the Instructions of the Experiment! Review the PowerPoint of the Experiment! Review/Complete Worksheet (and submit through Canvas)

38. We will observe and contrast the thermal properties of these gases using simple and available materials P rovide an opportunity to ask questions, take measurements, make observations, and interpret our findings (whatever they may be) R esults of this experiment will analyzed and criticized (addressing any potential misconceptions with the experimental procedure) Goal: To Design a “Pop-Bottle Greenhouse” to Investigate the E ffect of Air, Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ), and Argon (Ar) on Temperature

39. The Greenhouse Effect The sun’s solar radiation reaches the Earth’s atmosphere Some of the radiation is reflected back into space Some reflected/absorbed by clouds and the atmosphere The rest of the radiation reaches the Earth which is absorbed by land and oceans, heating our planet The Earth re-radiates this heat (or IR radiation) back towards space Some of this heat passes directly through the atmosphere Some of this heat is captured and retained by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere (If there are more greenhouse gases in the atmosphere - more heat is trapped, causing the Earth’s temperature to rise)

40. What is Infrared (IR) Light? The visible light spectrum is the very small segment of the electromagnetic spectrum that the human eye can view (380 – 750 nm) Infrared light (IR light) is a another type of electromagnetic radiation (but has longer wavelengths and less energy) It is also called “heat” radiation, we can’t see it, we can however “feel it” O r help from instrumentation i.e. IR Thermal Imaging of a hot cup of coffee

41. How Greenhouse Gases “Work” Chemical bonds in molecules are not rigid, they vibrate a little These vibrations have natural frequencies, which can match the frequencies of IR radiation It is the distinctive molecular structures of greenhouse gases specifically that make them strong absorbers of infrared radiation For instance, the natural frequencies at which the bonds in the CO 2 molecule vibrate corresponds to some frequencies of IR radiation When infrared light is absorbed, various changes in the vibrational states can occur, including bond lengthening, and, if three or more atoms are involved, bending

42. asymmetric stretching bending Vibration Absorption Emission CO 2 Molecule Radiation Emission How Greenhouse Gases “Work” Infrared Radiation

43. How Greenhouse Gases “Work”

44. Diatomic molecules such as N 2 and O 2 are not greenhouse gases They only have one vibrational mode, involving a stretching and compression of the bond Ultimately, this does not create a change in the dipole moment (it does not create a “fluctuation in the electrical field”) during the vibrational motion, therefore N 2 and O 2 are not strong absorbers of infrared radiation Nitrogen (N 2 ) How Greenhouse Gases “Work” Oxygen (N 2 )

45. Experimental Procedure Today you will be working in groups of 4 (the people sitting next to you at your side of the lab bench)

46. The Setup : Clear Plastic “Pop-Bottle ” Our Greenhouse to contain the gases we are investigating A rubber stopper to ensure a gas-tight seal Type: Polyethylene Terephthalate (PETE) Volume: 400 mL

47. The Setup : A Vernier Temperature Sensor A Vernier LabQuest 3 Interface Our Data C ollector Collection Rate: 1 sample/min for 15-20 mins Type: Thermocouple Temperature Range: -40-125°C Accuracy: ±0.25°C

48. The Setup : 100 W Clear Incandescent Light Bulb Our IR Source (aka our “Earth”) Placed mid-height of the bottle (locked into place by burette stand)

49. The Setup : Our Gases (Air, Carbon Dioxide, Argon)

50. The Setup : Have your TA come check your experimental setup before proceeding any further. Use a ruler to measure out this position exactly, as this position is to be kept the same for any subsequent trials Follow the steps in the instructions to determine how to connect the sensor to the interface and how to set-up the collection rate

51. Air Density of air at 23°C (at 1 atm) is 1.192 kg/m 3 Moisture Trap (to remove any water) Fill Station In Fumehood The Setup : Trial 1 Breathing Grade, Compressed (with in-line moisture trap) *not to scale (your TA will be able to assist you when filling your bottle)

52. The Setup : Once ready, you will need to tap the Collect button while simultaneously turning on the lamp to begin the trial for 15 - 20 minute collection period To find the data table on the interface, tap the Table Screen button and copy the information down in your notebook.

53. The Setup : On a separate piece of paper, create a table (similar to the one shown below) to record the data from the interface over the 15-20 minute time period (at 1 data point/minute). From this data, determine the change in temperature ( Δ T , in o C ) for the gas and record the value at the bottom of the table initial (i.e. time = 0) final (i.e. time = 20) Δ T gas = T final reading - T initial reading   When finished your Table, get your TA to mark ( /3), sign, and date this table before you leave today

54. Fill Station In Fumehood CO 2 Density of CO 2 at 23°C (at 1 atm) is 1.796 kg/m 3 CO 2 Bone Dry- High Purity, Compressed (with in-line moisture trap) The Setup : Trial 2 *not to scale

55. Fill Station In Fumehood Argon The Setup : Trial 3 Density of Ar at 23°C (at 1 atm) is 1.624 kg/m 3 Argon High Purity, Compressed (with in-line moisture trap) *not to scale

56. Worksheet Information

57. This “locked” fillable word file is your Worksheet that you need to complete for marks It is out of 25 marks, and is due 48 hours after the end of your lab section You will need to completely fill out all of the blue highlighted fields This includes the Cover P age (shown here), -1 marks for anything incorrect or incomplete on this page Cover Page

58. QUESTION 1 D raw a brief schematic diagram of your experiment Be sure to include the measurement, distances, and any relevant information of the apparatus you made An uploaded photo of this drawing will required in your worksheet

59. QUESTION 2 Upload the table (as previously mentioned) for all three gas trials that you completed in the lab. From this data, determine the change in temperature (ΔT, in o C ) for each gas trial (air, carbon dioxide, and argon) and record their values at the bottom of the table . An uploaded photo of this table (with the ΔT values, TA signature and grade /3) will required in your worksheet. Δ T gas = T final reading - T initial reading  

60. QUESTION 3 Complete a Graph by plotting Temperature (y-axis) vs. Time (x-axis) for both Air and Carbon Dioxide data points on a graph and uploading a photo of this into the worksheet. This graph can be made either by hand or using Microsoft Excel. https:// usask.cloud.panopto.eu/Panopto/Pages/Viewer.aspx?id=db9dd53c-a406-40c5-9944-ad6e015bcc35 See How to Video (Graph in Excel): (specifically at 7:24 min into the video) https:// usask.cloud.panopto.eu/Panopto/Pages/Viewer.aspx?id=d9325235-1ffe-484a-9982-ad6e01513c34 See How to Video (Hand Graph): Most students prefer using Microsoft Excel (quicker and easier to do)

61. QUESTION 3 Note: All graphs must include: Name and date in the top right hand corner Complete & descriptive title Labeled axes with correct units Maximize the use of the graph dimensions by choosing appropriate scales for axes Clearly identifiable data points with a legend (to distinguish each data set) A smooth curve drawn through the points Note: You do not need to include a straight best-fit-line with equation for the Graphs in Experiment 1 (only a smooth line through the data points ). Also See PDF Instructions (more hints in there)

62. QUESTIONS 4 - 7 There will be an additional 4 questions to answer in the Worksheet regarding the observations you’ve made from this experiment Please review the PDF instructions and this PowerPoint Presentation for helpful information when answering these questions

63. EXTRA PAGE There is an extra page at the very back of the worksheet in case you needed to add any more information It is ok to leave this page blank

64. https:// usask.cloud.panopto.eu/Panopto/Pages/Viewer.aspx?id=bb44ad7f-0f99-48b0-8cd3-ad6e01513c6a When finished submit your worksheet back into Canvas! See “How To” video on how to submit and check your mark: Again, this Worksheet is worth a total of 25 marks and will contribute 15 % of your final grade in CHEM 142. Note : Emailed reports to your TA or Lab Manager will not be accepted or even opened up.