Experiments of satyagraha

It is all about how gandhiji used his truth and non-violence in the experiments and in his movements

1. EXPERIMENTS OF SATYAGRAHA By, Katta Ananya Sree 09-05-2017 Experiments of Satyagraha 1

2. SATYAGRAHA Satyagraha  ( Sanskrit :  सत्याग्रह  satyāgraha ) — "insistence on truth“ Satya  "truth";   agraha  "insistence" or "holding firmly to“ or  holding onto truth  or  truth force  — is a particular form of  nonviolent resistance  or  civil resistance .  09-05-2017 Experiments of Satyagraha 2

3. SATYAGRAHA The idea of satyagraha emphasised the power of truth and the need to search for truth. It suggested that if the cause was true, if the struggle was against injustice, then physical force was not necessary to fight the oppressor. Mahatma Gandhi believed satyagraha could unite all Indians 09-05-2017 Experiments of Satyagraha 3

4. Principles of Satyagraha Nonviolence (Ahimsa) Truth – H onesty , but goes beyond it to mean living fully in accord with and in devotion to that which is true Not stealing Chastity ( B rahmacharya) Non-possession (not the same as poverty ) 09-05-2017 Experiments of Satyagraha 4

5. Contd… Body-labour or bread-labour Control of the palate Fearlessness Equal respect for all religions Economic strategy such as boycott of exported goods (swadeshi) 09-05-2017 Experiments of Satyagraha 5

6. Experiments of Gandhi’s Satyagraha 1916 - Satyagraha against the oppressive plantation system in Champaran (Bihar ). 1917 - S atyagraha in Kheda district of Gujarat , demanding relaxation of the revenue tax owing to the poverty experienced by the farmers because of the outbreak of plague and crop failure. 1918 - Satyagraha against the cotton mill worker in Ahmedabad. 09-05-2017 Experiments of Satyagraha 6

7. Contd… 1919 - Satyagraha against Rowlatt Act - Civil Disobedience Movement. 1921 – Non cooperation movement to resist British rule in India through non-violence . 1930 – Salt ( Dandi ) march - Campaign of tax resistance non-violent protest against the British salt monopoly. 09-05-2017 Experiments of Satyagraha 7

8. Champaran Satyagraha 09-05-2017 Experiments of Satyagraha 8

9. Champaran Satyagraha Place : Motihari , Champaran district, Bihar In Champaran, peasants were forced to grow Indigo in 1/3rd of their cultivatable land. They were paid less and the value given to the yield was less. The wages paid to labourers were extremely low and entirely inadequate. 09-05-2017 Experiments of Satyagraha 9

10. Sri Raj Kumar Shukla met Gandhiji and persuaded him to visit the district. The Indian national congress in December 1916 passed a resolution at Lucknow requesting the Government to appoint a committee of both officials and non-officials to inquire into the trouble facing the district . Gandhi visit to Champaran. His visit was opposed by the British rulers. 09-05-2017 Experiments of Satyagraha 10

11. After considerable struggle the Government was compelled to lift the ban on Gandhi's stay. For the first time on Indian soil Satyagraha (Non- Violence) was successfully put to the test. Eventually a committee of inquiry was appointed by the Government under the chairmanship of Frank Shy. Gandhiji was also made one of the members of the committee. On the basis of valued recommendations of the committee, the Champaran Agrarian Law (Bihar and Orissa Act I of 1918) was passed.  09-05-2017 Experiments of Satyagraha 11

12. Kheda Satyagraha 09-05-2017 Experiments of Satyagraha 12

13. Contd… In 1918, Gandhiji learned that the peasants of Kheda district in Gujarat were in extreme distress due to the failure of crops, and that their appeals for the remission of land revenue were being ignored by the government. As the crops were less than one fourth of the normal yield, the peasants were entitled under the revenue code to a total remission of the land revenue. 09-05-2017 Experiments of Satyagraha 13

14. Contd… Gandhiji organised Satyagraha and asked the cultivators not to pay land revenue till their demand for remission was met. The struggle was withdrawn, when the government issued instructions that revenue should be recovered only from those peasants who could afford to pay. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was one of the many young persons who became Gandhiji's follower during the Kheda peasant struggle. 09-05-2017 Experiments of Satyagraha 14

15. Ahmedabad Satyagraha 09-05-2017 Experiments of Satyagraha 15

16. Ahmedabad mill strike In 1918, at Ahmedabad an agitation had been going on between the labourers and the owners of a cotton textile mill for an increase of pay. While Gandhiji was negotiating with the mill owners , he advised the workers to go on strike and to demand 35% increase in wages . 09-05-2017 Experiments of Satyagraha 16

17. Having advised the strikers to depend upon their conscience, Gandhiji himself went on a "fast unto death" to strengthen the workers resolved to continue the strike. The mill owners gave away and a settlement was reached after 21 days of strike. The mill owners agreed to submit the whole issue to a tribunal. 09-05-2017 Experiments of Satyagraha 17

18. The strike was withdrawn and retrieval later awarded the 35% increase that the workers had demanded. Ambalal Sarabhai's sister, Anasuya Behn , was one of the main lieutenants of Gandhiji in this struggle in which her brother and Gandhiji's friend was one of the main advisories. 09-05-2017 Experiments of Satyagraha 18

19. THANK YOU 09-05-2017 Experiments of Satyagraha 19