Explore the Comprehensive UPSC Mains Syllabus 2024
sushilsingh999910
71 views
52 slides
Jun 21, 2024
Slide 1 of 52
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
About This Presentation
The UPSC Mains syllabus 2024 covers a range of subjects, including essay writing, four general studies papers, and optional subjects. You'll delve into Indian heritage, governance, social justice, international relations, economic development, ethics, and aptitude. It aims to develop your analyt...
Slide Content
UPSC Mains Syllabus 2024 PDF Download
forumias.com/blog/upsc-mains-syllabus-2024/
Contents
forumias.com/blog/upsc-mains-syllabus-2024/
Contents
Detailed syllabus of mains examination as per UPSC official
syllabus
The UPSC Mains Syllabus 2024 plays a pivotal role in the second stage of the Civil
Services Exam. Candidates must clear the prelims to qualify for the mains.
The Mains exam dives deep into assessing a candidate’s academic prowess and
their ability to clearly and effectively articulate their knowledge within the given time
constraints.
Ultimately, a candidate's rank in the UPSC Civil Service Exam hinges on the marks
they score in both the Mains exam and the Interview.
Pattern and marking scheme of main examination
The UPSC Mains exam has nine papers for a total of 1750 marks. Out of nine papers, two
papers are qualifying, 300 marks each.
Any Paper in the Indian Language
Language Paper in English
syllabus
The UPSC Mains Syllabus 2024 plays a pivotal role in the second stage of the Civil
Services Exam. Candidates must clear the prelims to qualify for the mains.
The Mains exam dives deep into assessing a candidate’s academic prowess and
their ability to clearly and effectively articulate their knowledge within the given time
constraints.
Ultimately, a candidate's rank in the UPSC Civil Service Exam hinges on the marks
they score in both the Mains exam and the Interview.
Pattern and marking scheme of main examination
The UPSC Mains exam has nine papers for a total of 1750 marks. Out of nine papers, two
papers are qualifying, 300 marks each.
Any Paper in the Indian Language
Language Paper in English
A candidate must qualify in these language papers to ensure that the marks obtained by
such candidates will not be considered or counted. Candidates can write Paper I to Paper VII
in English or any of the languages mentioned in the 8th schedule of the Indian Constitution.
Paper I to Paper VII will be taken for evaluation only if the candidate obtained 25% of the
marks in Paper A and Paper B. There are 48 Optional Subjects in the UPSC exam. The
candidate has to select any one subject among them. Two papers (Paper VI and Paper VII)
will be conducted from that for 250 marks each.
There are 9 papers in the UPSC Mains Exam:
PAPERSTOPICS MARKS
Paper –
A
Indian Language (Any of the language mentioned in 8th schedule)300
Paper –
B
English 300
Paper –
I
Essay 250
Paper –
II
General Studies – I (Indian Heritage & Culture, History &
Geography of the World & Society)
250
Paper –
III
General Studies – II (Governance, Constitution, Polity,
Social Justice & International Relations)
250
Paper –
IV
General Studies – III (Technology, Economic Development,
Biodiversity, Security & Disaster Management)
250
Paper –
V
General Studies – IV (Ethics, Integrity & Aptitude)250
Paper –
VI
Optional Subject – Paper I 250
Paper –
VII
Optional Subject – Paper II 250
such candidates will not be considered or counted. Candidates can write Paper I to Paper VII
in English or any of the languages mentioned in the 8th schedule of the Indian Constitution.
Paper I to Paper VII will be taken for evaluation only if the candidate obtained 25% of the
marks in Paper A and Paper B. There are 48 Optional Subjects in the UPSC exam. The
candidate has to select any one subject among them. Two papers (Paper VI and Paper VII)
will be conducted from that for 250 marks each.
There are 9 papers in the UPSC Mains Exam:
PAPERSTOPICS MARKS
Paper –
A
Indian Language (Any of the language mentioned in 8th schedule)300
Paper –
B
English 300
Paper –
I
Essay 250
Paper –
II
General Studies – I (Indian Heritage & Culture, History &
Geography of the World & Society)
250
Paper –
III
General Studies – II (Governance, Constitution, Polity,
Social Justice & International Relations)
250
Paper –
IV
General Studies – III (Technology, Economic Development,
Biodiversity, Security & Disaster Management)
250
Paper –
V
General Studies – IV (Ethics, Integrity & Aptitude)250
Paper –
VI
Optional Subject – Paper I 250
Paper –
VII
Optional Subject – Paper II 250
Paper I: Essay
In Essay Paper, candidates may be required to write essays on multiple topics. They will be
expected to keep close to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in an orderly fashion
and to write concisely. Credit will be given for effective and exact expression.
Paper II: General studies Paper-I
It covers topics of Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and
Society.
Art & Culture: Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, literature and
Architecture from ancient to modern times.
Modern History: Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century
until the present- significant events, personalities, and issues. The Freedom Struggle
— its various stages and important contributors/contributions from different parts of
the country.
Post-Independence: Post-independence consolidation and reorganization within the
country.
World History: The history of the world will include events from the 18th century such
as the Industrial Revolution, world wars, redrawal of national boundaries, colonization,
decolonization, political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism etc.— their
forms and effects on the society.
Indian Society: Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India. Role of women and
women’s organization, population and associated issues, poverty and developmental
issues, urbanization, their problems and their remedies. Effects of globalization
on Indian society. Social empowerment, communalism, regionalism & secularism.
Physical Geography: Salient features of the world’s physical geography.
Human and Economic Geography: Distribution of key natural resources across the
world (including South Asia and the Indian sub-continent); factors responsible for the
location of primary, secondary, and tertiary sector industries in various parts of the
world (including India).
Geophysical Phenomena: Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes,
Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclones etc., geographical features and their location-
changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and
flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.
Paper III –General Studies Paper- II
It covers topics of governance, constitution, polity, social justice and international
relations.
Indian Constitution—historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments,
significant provisions and basic structure.
In Essay Paper, candidates may be required to write essays on multiple topics. They will be
expected to keep close to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in an orderly fashion
and to write concisely. Credit will be given for effective and exact expression.
Paper II: General studies Paper-I
It covers topics of Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and
Society.
Art & Culture: Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, literature and
Architecture from ancient to modern times.
Modern History: Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century
until the present- significant events, personalities, and issues. The Freedom Struggle
— its various stages and important contributors/contributions from different parts of
the country.
Post-Independence: Post-independence consolidation and reorganization within the
country.
World History: The history of the world will include events from the 18th century such
as the Industrial Revolution, world wars, redrawal of national boundaries, colonization,
decolonization, political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism etc.— their
forms and effects on the society.
Indian Society: Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India. Role of women and
women’s organization, population and associated issues, poverty and developmental
issues, urbanization, their problems and their remedies. Effects of globalization
on Indian society. Social empowerment, communalism, regionalism & secularism.
Physical Geography: Salient features of the world’s physical geography.
Human and Economic Geography: Distribution of key natural resources across the
world (including South Asia and the Indian sub-continent); factors responsible for the
location of primary, secondary, and tertiary sector industries in various parts of the
world (including India).
Geophysical Phenomena: Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes,
Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclones etc., geographical features and their location-
changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and
flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.
Paper III –General Studies Paper- II
It covers topics of governance, constitution, polity, social justice and international
relations.
Indian Constitution—historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments,
significant provisions and basic structure.
Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges
pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels
and challenges therein.
Separation of powers between various organs dispute redressal mechanisms and
institutions.
Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with that of other countries.
Parliament and State legislatures—structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers
& privileges and issues arising out of these.
Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary—Ministries
and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations
and their role in the Polity.
Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act.
Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions and responsibilities of
various Constitutional Bodies.
Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies.
Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues
arising out of their design and implementation.
Development processes and the development industry —the role of NGOs, SHGs,
various groups and associations, donors, charities, institutional and other
stakeholders.
Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States
and the performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies
constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections.
Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to
Health, Education, Human Resources.
Issues relating to poverty and hunger.
Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability,
e-governance applications, models, successes, limitations, and potential;
citizens charters, transparency & accountability and institutional and other
measures.
Role of civil services in a democracy.
India and its neighbourhood- relations.
Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting
India’s interests.
Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s
interests, Indian diaspora.
Important International institutions, agencies, and fora- their structure, mandate.
Paper IV -General Studies Paper- III
It covers topics from technology, economic development, bio diversity, environment,
pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels
and challenges therein.
Separation of powers between various organs dispute redressal mechanisms and
institutions.
Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with that of other countries.
Parliament and State legislatures—structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers
& privileges and issues arising out of these.
Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary—Ministries
and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations
and their role in the Polity.
Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act.
Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions and responsibilities of
various Constitutional Bodies.
Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies.
Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues
arising out of their design and implementation.
Development processes and the development industry —the role of NGOs, SHGs,
various groups and associations, donors, charities, institutional and other
stakeholders.
Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States
and the performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies
constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections.
Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to
Health, Education, Human Resources.
Issues relating to poverty and hunger.
Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability,
e-governance applications, models, successes, limitations, and potential;
citizens charters, transparency & accountability and institutional and other
measures.
Role of civil services in a democracy.
India and its neighbourhood- relations.
Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting
India’s interests.
Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s
interests, Indian diaspora.
Important International institutions, agencies, and fora- their structure, mandate.
Paper IV -General Studies Paper- III
It covers topics from technology, economic development, bio diversity, environment,
security and disaster management
Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth,
development and employment.
Inclusive growth and issues arising from it.
Government Budgeting.
Major crops-cropping patterns in various parts of the country, – different types of
irrigation and irrigation systems storage, transport and marketing of agricultural
produce and issues and related constraints; e-technology in the aid of farmers.
Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices; Public
Distribution System- objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of buffer
stocks and food security; Technology missions; economics of animal-rearing.
Food processing and related industries in India- scope and significance, location,
upstream and downstream requirements, supply chain management.
Land reforms in India.
Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and their effects on
industrial growth.
Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.
Investment models.
Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday
life.
Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization of technology and
developing new technology.
Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology,
biotechnology and issues relating to intellectual property rights.
Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact
assessment.
Disaster and disaster management.
Linkages between development and spread of extremism.
Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security.
Challenges to internal security through communication networks, role of media and
social networking sites in internal security challenges, basics of cyber security; money-
laundering and its prevention.
Security challenges and their management in border areas – linkages of organized
crime with terrorism.
Various Security forces and agencies and their mandate.
Paper V -General Studies Paper- IV
This paper includes topics of ethics, aptitude and integrity
It includes questions to test the candidates’ attitude and approach to issues relating to
integrity, probity in public life and problem-solving approach to various issues and
conflicts faced in dealing with society. Questions may utilise the case study approach to
determine these aspects. The following broad areas will be covered :
development and employment.
Inclusive growth and issues arising from it.
Government Budgeting.
Major crops-cropping patterns in various parts of the country, – different types of
irrigation and irrigation systems storage, transport and marketing of agricultural
produce and issues and related constraints; e-technology in the aid of farmers.
Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices; Public
Distribution System- objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of buffer
stocks and food security; Technology missions; economics of animal-rearing.
Food processing and related industries in India- scope and significance, location,
upstream and downstream requirements, supply chain management.
Land reforms in India.
Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and their effects on
industrial growth.
Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.
Investment models.
Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday
life.
Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization of technology and
developing new technology.
Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology,
biotechnology and issues relating to intellectual property rights.
Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact
assessment.
Disaster and disaster management.
Linkages between development and spread of extremism.
Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security.
Challenges to internal security through communication networks, role of media and
social networking sites in internal security challenges, basics of cyber security; money-
laundering and its prevention.
Security challenges and their management in border areas – linkages of organized
crime with terrorism.
Various Security forces and agencies and their mandate.
Paper V -General Studies Paper- IV
This paper includes topics of ethics, aptitude and integrity
It includes questions to test the candidates’ attitude and approach to issues relating to
integrity, probity in public life and problem-solving approach to various issues and
conflicts faced in dealing with society. Questions may utilise the case study approach to
determine these aspects. The following broad areas will be covered :
Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, determinants and consequences of Ethics in-
human actions; dimensions of ethics; ethics – in private and public relationships.
Human Values – lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and
administrators; role of family society and educational institutions in inculcating values.
Attitude: content, structure, function; its influence and relation with thought and
behaviour; moral and political attitudes; social influence and persuasion.
Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service, integrity, impartiality and
non- partisanship, objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance
and compassion towards the weaker-sections.
Emotional intelligence-concepts, and their utilities and application in administration and
governance.
Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and world.
Public/Civil service values and Ethics in Public administration: Status and problems;
ethical concerns and dilemmas in government and private institutions; laws, rules,
regulations and conscience as sources of ethical guidance; accountability and ethical
governance; strengthening of ethical and moral values in governance; ethical issues in
international relations and funding; corporate governance.
Probity in Governance: Concept of public service; Philosophical basis of governance
and probity; Information sharing and transparency in government, Right to Information,
Codes of Ethics, Codes of Conduct, Citizen’s Charters, Work culture, Quality of service
delivery, Utilization of public funds, challenges of corruption.
Case Studies on the above issues.
Detailed analysis of the mains syllabus
General Studies paper- I detailed syllabus as per UPSC official syllabus
Subjects Topics Sub-topics under each topic
Indian
Heritage and Culture
Indian
Philosophy
Philosophy of Buddhism and
Jainism
Philosophies associated
with religions (Islam,
Hinduism, Sikhism, etc)
Other Philosophies
(Nyaya, Samkhya,
Vaisheshika, Yoga, Purva
mimamasa, Vedanta,
Carvaka, etc)
human actions; dimensions of ethics; ethics – in private and public relationships.
Human Values – lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and
administrators; role of family society and educational institutions in inculcating values.
Attitude: content, structure, function; its influence and relation with thought and
behaviour; moral and political attitudes; social influence and persuasion.
Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service, integrity, impartiality and
non- partisanship, objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance
and compassion towards the weaker-sections.
Emotional intelligence-concepts, and their utilities and application in administration and
governance.
Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and world.
Public/Civil service values and Ethics in Public administration: Status and problems;
ethical concerns and dilemmas in government and private institutions; laws, rules,
regulations and conscience as sources of ethical guidance; accountability and ethical
governance; strengthening of ethical and moral values in governance; ethical issues in
international relations and funding; corporate governance.
Probity in Governance: Concept of public service; Philosophical basis of governance
and probity; Information sharing and transparency in government, Right to Information,
Codes of Ethics, Codes of Conduct, Citizen’s Charters, Work culture, Quality of service
delivery, Utilization of public funds, challenges of corruption.
Case Studies on the above issues.
Detailed analysis of the mains syllabus
General Studies paper- I detailed syllabus as per UPSC official syllabus
Subjects Topics Sub-topics under each topic
Indian
Heritage and Culture
Indian
Philosophy
Philosophy of Buddhism and
Jainism
Philosophies associated
with religions (Islam,
Hinduism, Sikhism, etc)
Other Philosophies
(Nyaya, Samkhya,
Vaisheshika, Yoga, Purva
mimamasa, Vedanta,
Carvaka, etc)
Indian Literature Religious Literature (Vedic, Buddhism, Jainism,
Bhakti & Sufi movement, etc)
Non-religious literature (Social, Political,
Economic, Sangam literature, etc)
Ancient and Medieval sources (Archaeological
and Foreigners literary works)
Note: Archaeological literature includes
Inscriptions/Epigraphs, Numismatics/coins.
Other literary works (Aaranyakas, Upanishads,
Puranas etc)
Literary works during the freedom struggle
Architecture Cave architecture
School of art (Amaravati, Gandhara and
Mathura school)
Temple architecture
Indo-Islamic architecture
Modern architecture
Temple
Architecture
Basics of Temple architecture
(Mandapa,
Shikara, Gharbhgriha,
gopuram, Vimana, etc)
Various styles of temple
architecture (Nagara,
Vesara, and Dravida)
Indo-Islamic Art and
Architecture
Imperial art and Architecture
(Sultanate and Mughal,
Vijayanagar and Bahmani)
Provincial art and
architecture (Regional
architecture from Jaipur,
Jaunpur, Bijapur, Malwa,
Kashmir, etc)
Modern Art and ArchitectureIndo-gothic and
Neo-Roman Architecture
Mural, Miniature and wall
paintings Modern painters
and techniques etc
Performing Art Indian Dance forms
Indian Music (Carnatic and Hindustani Music)
Indian Theatre arts
Bhakti & Sufi movement, etc)
Non-religious literature (Social, Political,
Economic, Sangam literature, etc)
Ancient and Medieval sources (Archaeological
and Foreigners literary works)
Note: Archaeological literature includes
Inscriptions/Epigraphs, Numismatics/coins.
Other literary works (Aaranyakas, Upanishads,
Puranas etc)
Literary works during the freedom struggle
Architecture Cave architecture
School of art (Amaravati, Gandhara and
Mathura school)
Temple architecture
Indo-Islamic architecture
Modern architecture
Temple
Architecture
Basics of Temple architecture
(Mandapa,
Shikara, Gharbhgriha,
gopuram, Vimana, etc)
Various styles of temple
architecture (Nagara,
Vesara, and Dravida)
Indo-Islamic Art and
Architecture
Imperial art and Architecture
(Sultanate and Mughal,
Vijayanagar and Bahmani)
Provincial art and
architecture (Regional
architecture from Jaipur,
Jaunpur, Bijapur, Malwa,
Kashmir, etc)
Modern Art and ArchitectureIndo-gothic and
Neo-Roman Architecture
Mural, Miniature and wall
paintings Modern painters
and techniques etc
Performing Art Indian Dance forms
Indian Music (Carnatic and Hindustani Music)
Indian Theatre arts
Indian Puppetry
Indian Martial arts
Indian Martial arts
Religious Movements in
India
Jainism
Buddhism
Brahmanism
Bhakti and
Sufi
Movements
Sikh
religious
movement
etc
Other sub-topics in art and
Architecture
Languages and their
development Indian
Calendar
Indian sculptures and pottery
Contribution of Indians in various
fields (Science, art, music,
astronomy, Medicine, etc) Indian
Fairs and Festivals
Cultural institutions in India etc
Subject Topics Sub topics
Modern
History and Post-
Independent India
History from the middle of
the eighteenth century until
the present– significant
events, personalities,
issues
India in the Late 18th century
The advent of
Europeans and British
Conquest in India
India under East
India Company The
revolt of 1858 and
the administrative
changes after that
Political Organizations
(Prior to INC and after
INC and INC)
Revolutionary
organisations Freedom
struggle under
Moderate, Extremist
and Gandhian phase
India and
Neighbourhood
relations
Socio-Religious
movements in India
(19th and 20th
India
Jainism
Buddhism
Brahmanism
Bhakti and
Sufi
Movements
Sikh
religious
movement
etc
Other sub-topics in art and
Architecture
Languages and their
development Indian
Calendar
Indian sculptures and pottery
Contribution of Indians in various
fields (Science, art, music,
astronomy, Medicine, etc) Indian
Fairs and Festivals
Cultural institutions in India etc
Subject Topics Sub topics
Modern
History and Post-
Independent India
History from the middle of
the eighteenth century until
the present– significant
events, personalities,
issues
India in the Late 18th century
The advent of
Europeans and British
Conquest in India
India under East
India Company The
revolt of 1858 and
the administrative
changes after that
Political Organizations
(Prior to INC and after
INC and INC)
Revolutionary
organisations Freedom
struggle under
Moderate, Extremist
and Gandhian phase
India and
Neighbourhood
relations
Socio-Religious
movements in India
(19th and 20th
Century)
Personalities and their
contribution to India’s
freedom struggle
(Gandhi,
Nehru, SC Bose, etc)
Important
contributors/contributions
from different parts of the
country
Peasants and Tribal
Movements in India
Regional movements in various
part of India, Princely States
Personalities and their
contribution to India’s
freedom struggle
(Gandhi,
Nehru, SC Bose, etc)
Important
contributors/contributions
from different parts of the
country
Peasants and Tribal
Movements in India
Regional movements in various
part of India, Princely States
Other topics Reforms in various fields under East
India Company administration and
British administration (Police,
education, social, economic, etc.)
Post-independence
consolidation and
reorganization within the
country
Immediate development in India
after Independence
Consolidation of India
after Independence
(Territorial,
Reorganisation of Indian
States and Various policy
initiatives like Tribal policy,
Policy followed in North-East
etc)
India under Jawaharlal Nehru, Lal
Bahadur Shastri, Indira Gandhi,
Rajiv Gandhi etc.
SubjectTopics Sub topics
World History Various events from the
18th Century to till date
Industri
al
Revolu
tion
Americ
an
Revolu
tion
French
Revolu
tion
Unification of Italy
and Germany
Russian
Revolution
Japanese Revolution
Colonization and
De-colonization in
various parts around the
world and its effects
Chinese revolution
World wars and the
India Company administration and
British administration (Police,
education, social, economic, etc.)
Post-independence
consolidation and
reorganization within the
country
Immediate development in India
after Independence
Consolidation of India
after Independence
(Territorial,
Reorganisation of Indian
States and Various policy
initiatives like Tribal policy,
Policy followed in North-East
etc)
India under Jawaharlal Nehru, Lal
Bahadur Shastri, Indira Gandhi,
Rajiv Gandhi etc.
SubjectTopics Sub topics
World History Various events from the
18th Century to till date
Industri
al
Revolu
tion
Americ
an
Revolu
tion
French
Revolu
tion
Unification of Italy
and Germany
Russian
Revolution
Japanese Revolution
Colonization and
De-colonization in
various parts around the
world and its effects
Chinese revolution
World wars and the
redrawal of national
boundaries
Cold war phase,
NAM and the
philosophical
rivalry
Disintegration of
USSR and its
aftermath etc
Other Regional challenges
like
Apartheid, Israel-Palestine
conflicts etc.
boundaries
Cold war phase,
NAM and the
philosophical
rivalry
Disintegration of
USSR and its
aftermath etc
Other Regional challenges
like
Apartheid, Israel-Palestine
conflicts etc.
Political philosophies and their
forms and effect on society.
Capitalis
m
Commun
ism
Nazism
Fascism
Socialism, etc.
SubjectTopics Sub topics
Indian Society Salient features of Indian
Society
Caste system in India and its
dynamics
Sanskritization,
Westernisation and
Modernisation Kinship,
Marriage and Family
Class development (Middle
Class)
Diversity of India Unity in Diversity
Types of Diversity exist in India (Religious,
Caste, Race, Ethnicity, etc)
Globalisation and Diversity
Factors contributing to Unity amidst Diversity
Challenges associated with Diversity
Role of women and women’s
organization
Origin and evolution of Women
Organizations in India
Various women organizations
existed in India since freedom
struggle
Challenges faced by
women/ women
organizations
Government initiatives to encourage
women /
women organizations and the
reason behind the same
Women in various fields
(agriculture, Industry, education,
labour market, science and
technology, etc)
Role of men in development of
forms and effect on society.
Capitalis
m
Commun
ism
Nazism
Fascism
Socialism, etc.
SubjectTopics Sub topics
Indian Society Salient features of Indian
Society
Caste system in India and its
dynamics
Sanskritization,
Westernisation and
Modernisation Kinship,
Marriage and Family
Class development (Middle
Class)
Diversity of India Unity in Diversity
Types of Diversity exist in India (Religious,
Caste, Race, Ethnicity, etc)
Globalisation and Diversity
Factors contributing to Unity amidst Diversity
Challenges associated with Diversity
Role of women and women’s
organization
Origin and evolution of Women
Organizations in India
Various women organizations
existed in India since freedom
struggle
Challenges faced by
women/ women
organizations
Government initiatives to encourage
women /
women organizations and the
reason behind the same
Women in various fields
(agriculture, Industry, education,
labour market, science and
technology, etc)
Role of men in development of
women/women organizations
Population and associated issues
Population growth and distribution in
India
Demographic dividend and
demographic curse and its
challenges
Population and other issues
such as poverty,
Employment, environment,
resources, women
empowerment etc
Population control policies
and their impact on
population since
independence.
Other challenges associated
with Population like Missing
women, family planning etc.
Poverty and developmental
issues
Poverty and various types
of poverty and their
measurements
Causes and
consequences of poverty
in India Vicious cycle of
poverty and Hunger
Poverty in rural and urban
areas, poverty and
women etc and its
impacts
Role of non-state actors in
alleviating poverty and hunger
Role of government in
Poverty alleviation
(evolution and impacts of
policies, committees,
schemes, Acts, etc.)
Urbanization, their problems and
their remedies
Urbanization and its
evolution, causes and
concentration in India
Problems and opportunities due
to Urbanization Migration and its
impacts like pollution, urban
crimes, congestion, waste
generation, transport etc.
Slum and Squatter settlements
Urbanization and urban planning in
India
Urban out growth and its impact,
Population growth and distribution in
India
Demographic dividend and
demographic curse and its
challenges
Population and other issues
such as poverty,
Employment, environment,
resources, women
empowerment etc
Population control policies
and their impact on
population since
independence.
Other challenges associated
with Population like Missing
women, family planning etc.
Poverty and developmental
issues
Poverty and various types
of poverty and their
measurements
Causes and
consequences of poverty
in India Vicious cycle of
poverty and Hunger
Poverty in rural and urban
areas, poverty and
women etc and its
impacts
Role of non-state actors in
alleviating poverty and hunger
Role of government in
Poverty alleviation
(evolution and impacts of
policies, committees,
schemes, Acts, etc.)
Urbanization, their problems and
their remedies
Urbanization and its
evolution, causes and
concentration in India
Problems and opportunities due
to Urbanization Migration and its
impacts like pollution, urban
crimes, congestion, waste
generation, transport etc.
Slum and Squatter settlements
Urbanization and urban planning in
India
Urban out growth and its impact,
terms associated like satellite
cities etc
Urbanization and
feminisation of agriculture
Urbanization and
Industrialization and
Globalization etc
Government initiatives to
equitable urban growth
(evolution and impacts of
policies, committees, schemes,
Acts etc)
Effects of globalization on Indian
society
Globalization and its impacts
such as economic, social,
environmental etc
impact of globalization on family
level, cultural
level, among various sections
like women, children, elderly etc.
Impact of globalization on
general values, ideas and
lifestyle of Indian society.
cities etc
Urbanization and
feminisation of agriculture
Urbanization and
Industrialization and
Globalization etc
Government initiatives to
equitable urban growth
(evolution and impacts of
policies, committees, schemes,
Acts etc)
Effects of globalization on Indian
society
Globalization and its impacts
such as economic, social,
environmental etc
impact of globalization on family
level, cultural
level, among various sections
like women, children, elderly etc.
Impact of globalization on
general values, ideas and
lifestyle of Indian society.
Social empowerment
Concept, need, evolution
and various models of
social empowerment
Difference between
social empowerment and
Political, economic
empowerment
Role of non-state actors in
social empowerment Various
government initiatives to
different sections of society
like tribal, women, social and
culturally backward sections
of people etc.
communalism, regionalism
& secularism
Communalism
Meaning, type, evolution of
Communalism Reason for
prevalence of communalism
Impact of communalism
Role of State and
non-state actors in
reducing
Communalism
Regionalism
Meaning, type, evolution, son of soil concept
of Regionalism
Various regional movements in India since
Independence and their impacts like Dravida
Nadu movement, Khalistan movement,
Telangana movement, Movements in North
east etc.
Regionalism and Nationalism
Regionalism and Federalism
Regionalism, Extremism and Separatism
differences and concepts
Impact of regionalism in International arena
Constitutional protections against regionalism
and government initiatives to strengthen
cooperative federalism
Secularism
Concepts and sources of Indian secularism
Difference between Indian and western
Secularism
Secularism and Communalism
Factors threatening secularism and the way
ahead
Concept, need, evolution
and various models of
social empowerment
Difference between
social empowerment and
Political, economic
empowerment
Role of non-state actors in
social empowerment Various
government initiatives to
different sections of society
like tribal, women, social and
culturally backward sections
of people etc.
communalism, regionalism
& secularism
Communalism
Meaning, type, evolution of
Communalism Reason for
prevalence of communalism
Impact of communalism
Role of State and
non-state actors in
reducing
Communalism
Regionalism
Meaning, type, evolution, son of soil concept
of Regionalism
Various regional movements in India since
Independence and their impacts like Dravida
Nadu movement, Khalistan movement,
Telangana movement, Movements in North
east etc.
Regionalism and Nationalism
Regionalism and Federalism
Regionalism, Extremism and Separatism
differences and concepts
Impact of regionalism in International arena
Constitutional protections against regionalism
and government initiatives to strengthen
cooperative federalism
Secularism
Concepts and sources of Indian secularism
Difference between Indian and western
Secularism
Secularism and Communalism
Factors threatening secularism and the way
ahead
Subjects Topics Sub-topics
Geography Physical
Geography
Physical Geography of world
Solar system and the basics of
Earth Geomorphology (Earth’s
interior, rock classification,
External and Internal forces,
Various orders of land form
development)
Climatology (Structure,
composition, atmosphere,
weather and climate, pressure
belts, winds, jet streams,
precipitation, world climatic
regions) Oceanography (Ocean
waves, tides, currents,
tsunamis, temperature and
salinity etc)
Bio geography (Soils,
classification, distribution,
erosion and conversion)
Continents
and their
evolutions Physical
Geography of India
Location, area and boundary of India
Structure and Relief:
Physiographic Divisions
Weather, Climate and
Seasons
Bio geography of India
Natural Vegetation, Plant and Animal
Life
Human and Economic
Geography
Human and Economic Geography of
World
Primary, secondary, tertiary,
quaternary and quinary activities
Human Geography of world
World Population, Distribution
& Density, Races & Tribes,
Settlement & Migration
Human and Economic Geography of India
Agriculture and
Agro-Climatic
Regions Land
Geography
Physical Geography of world
Solar system and the basics of
Earth Geomorphology (Earth’s
interior, rock classification,
External and Internal forces,
Various orders of land form
development)
Climatology (Structure,
composition, atmosphere,
weather and climate, pressure
belts, winds, jet streams,
precipitation, world climatic
regions) Oceanography (Ocean
waves, tides, currents,
tsunamis, temperature and
salinity etc)
Bio geography (Soils,
classification, distribution,
erosion and conversion)
Continents
and their
evolutions Physical
Geography of India
Location, area and boundary of India
Structure and Relief:
Physiographic Divisions
Weather, Climate and
Seasons
Bio geography of India
Natural Vegetation, Plant and Animal
Life
Human and Economic
Geography
Human and Economic Geography of
World
Primary, secondary, tertiary,
quaternary and quinary activities
Human Geography of world
World Population, Distribution
& Density, Races & Tribes,
Settlement & Migration
Human and Economic Geography of India
Agriculture and
Agro-Climatic
Regions Land
Resources
Water Resources
Mineral and
Energy
Resources
Industries
Transport and Communication
Population,
Migration,
Settlements General
topics
Natural resources and
mineral resources and
distribution of key natural
resources
Agriculture and
agro-climatic
regions Industry
and location
factors
Map based questions
Water Resources
Mineral and
Energy
Resources
Industries
Transport and Communication
Population,
Migration,
Settlements General
topics
Natural resources and
mineral resources and
distribution of key natural
resources
Agriculture and
agro-climatic
regions Industry
and location
factors
Map based questions
Geophysical Phenomena
Earthquakes, Tsunami,
Volcanic activity, cyclone etc.
Geographical features (including
water-bodies and ice-caps) and
their location-changes and flora
and fauna and the effects of
such changes.
General Studies Paper-II Detailed Syllabus as per UPSC official syllabus
Subjects Topics Sub topics
Indian Polity and
Constitution
Indian
Constitution—Historical
Underpinnings,
Evolution, Features,
Amendments,
Significant
Provisions and
Basic Structure.
Comparison of the
Indian Constitutional
Scheme with that of
Other Countries.
Functions and
Responsibilities of the
Union and the States,
Issues and Challenges
Pertaining to the
Federal Structure,
Devolution of
Powers and Finances
up to Local Levels and
Challenges Therein.
Separation of Powers
between various organs
Dispute
Redressal
Mechanisms and
Institutions.
Parliament and
State
Legislatures—Stru
cture, Functioning,
Conduct of
Business, Powers &
Privileges and Issues
Arising out of these.
Structure, Organization
and Functioning of the
Executive and the
Judiciary—Ministries and
Departments of the
Government; Pressure
Groups and
Formal/Informal
Associations and their
Role in the Polity.
Salient Features of the
Representation of
People’s Act.
Earthquakes, Tsunami,
Volcanic activity, cyclone etc.
Geographical features (including
water-bodies and ice-caps) and
their location-changes and flora
and fauna and the effects of
such changes.
General Studies Paper-II Detailed Syllabus as per UPSC official syllabus
Subjects Topics Sub topics
Indian Polity and
Constitution
Indian
Constitution—Historical
Underpinnings,
Evolution, Features,
Amendments,
Significant
Provisions and
Basic Structure.
Comparison of the
Indian Constitutional
Scheme with that of
Other Countries.
Functions and
Responsibilities of the
Union and the States,
Issues and Challenges
Pertaining to the
Federal Structure,
Devolution of
Powers and Finances
up to Local Levels and
Challenges Therein.
Separation of Powers
between various organs
Dispute
Redressal
Mechanisms and
Institutions.
Parliament and
State
Legislatures—Stru
cture, Functioning,
Conduct of
Business, Powers &
Privileges and Issues
Arising out of these.
Structure, Organization
and Functioning of the
Executive and the
Judiciary—Ministries and
Departments of the
Government; Pressure
Groups and
Formal/Informal
Associations and their
Role in the Polity.
Salient Features of the
Representation of
People’s Act.
Indian Constitution
Appointment to various
Constitutional Posts,
Powers, Functions and
Responsibilities of
various Constitutional
Bodies.
Statutory, Regulatory
and various
Quasi-judicial Bodies.
Historical background
Making of the
Constitution
Salient Features of the
Constitution
Preamble of the
Constitution
Union and its territory
Citizenship Fundamental
Rights Directive Principles
of State Policy
Fundamental Duties
Amendment of the
Constitution
Basic Structure of the
Constitution
Comparison of the Indian
Constitutional Scheme
with that of Other
Countries.
Functions and
Responsibilities of the Union
and the States, Issues and
Challenges
Pertaining to the Federal
Structure, Devolution of
Powers and Finances up to
Local Levels and
Challenges Therein.
Parliamentary System
Federal System
Centre-State Relations
Inter-State Relations
Emergency Provisions
Separation of Powers
between various organs
Dispute Redressal
Mechanisms and Institutions.
Parliament and State
legislatures—structure,
functioning, conduct of
business, powers &
privileges and issues arising
out of these.
Parliamentary
Committees
Parliamentary Forums
Parliamentary Group
Constitutional Posts,
Powers, Functions and
Responsibilities of
various Constitutional
Bodies.
Statutory, Regulatory
and various
Quasi-judicial Bodies.
Historical background
Making of the
Constitution
Salient Features of the
Constitution
Preamble of the
Constitution
Union and its territory
Citizenship Fundamental
Rights Directive Principles
of State Policy
Fundamental Duties
Amendment of the
Constitution
Basic Structure of the
Constitution
Comparison of the Indian
Constitutional Scheme
with that of Other
Countries.
Functions and
Responsibilities of the Union
and the States, Issues and
Challenges
Pertaining to the Federal
Structure, Devolution of
Powers and Finances up to
Local Levels and
Challenges Therein.
Parliamentary System
Federal System
Centre-State Relations
Inter-State Relations
Emergency Provisions
Separation of Powers
between various organs
Dispute Redressal
Mechanisms and Institutions.
Parliament and State
legislatures—structure,
functioning, conduct of
business, powers &
privileges and issues arising
out of these.
Parliamentary
Committees
Parliamentary Forums
Parliamentary Group
Structure, organization
and functioning of the
Executive and the
Judiciary—Ministries and
Departments of the
Government.
President
Vice-President
Prime Minister
Central Council of
Ministers
Cabinet Committees
Supreme Court
Judicial Review
Judicial Activism
Governor
Chief Minister
State Council of
Ministers
High Courts
Subordinate Courts
Pressure Groups and
Formal/Informal
Associations and their
Role in the Polity.
Salient Features of the
Representation of
People’s Act.
Appointment to various
Constitutional Posts,
Powers, Functions and
Responsibilities of
various Constitutional
Bodies.
Election
Commission Union
Public Service
Commission
State Public Service
Commission
Finance Commission
National Commission for
SCs, STs and OBCs
Special Officer for
Linguistic Minorities
Comptroller and Auditor
General of India
Attorney General of
India
Advocate General of
and functioning of the
Executive and the
Judiciary—Ministries and
Departments of the
Government.
President
Vice-President
Prime Minister
Central Council of
Ministers
Cabinet Committees
Supreme Court
Judicial Review
Judicial Activism
Governor
Chief Minister
State Council of
Ministers
High Courts
Subordinate Courts
Pressure Groups and
Formal/Informal
Associations and their
Role in the Polity.
Salient Features of the
Representation of
People’s Act.
Appointment to various
Constitutional Posts,
Powers, Functions and
Responsibilities of
various Constitutional
Bodies.
Election
Commission Union
Public Service
Commission
State Public Service
Commission
Finance Commission
National Commission for
SCs, STs and OBCs
Special Officer for
Linguistic Minorities
Comptroller and Auditor
General of India
Attorney General of
India
Advocate General of
State
Statutory, Regulatory and
various Quasi-judicial
Bodies.
NITI Aayog
National and State
Human Rights
Commission
Central and State
Information Commission
Central Vigilance
Commission
Central Bureau of
Investigation
Lokpal and Lokayuktas
Governance Government Policies
and
Interventions for
Development in
various sectors and
Issues arising out of
their Design and
Implementation.
Development
Processes and the
Development
Industry — the
Role of NGOs,
SHGs, various
groups and
associations,
donors, charities,
institutional and
other stakeholders.
Important
Aspects of
Governance,
Transparency
and
Accountability, E-
governance-
applications,
models,
successes,
limitations, and
potential;
Citizens
Charters,
Transparency &
Accountability and
institutional and
other measures.
Role of Civil
Services in a
Democracy.
various Quasi-judicial
Bodies.
NITI Aayog
National and State
Human Rights
Commission
Central and State
Information Commission
Central Vigilance
Commission
Central Bureau of
Investigation
Lokpal and Lokayuktas
Governance Government Policies
and
Interventions for
Development in
various sectors and
Issues arising out of
their Design and
Implementation.
Development
Processes and the
Development
Industry — the
Role of NGOs,
SHGs, various
groups and
associations,
donors, charities,
institutional and
other stakeholders.
Important
Aspects of
Governance,
Transparency
and
Accountability, E-
governance-
applications,
models,
successes,
limitations, and
potential;
Citizens
Charters,
Transparency &
Accountability and
institutional and
other measures.
Role of Civil
Services in a
Democracy.
Governance
Difference between
Government and
Governance
Stakeholders of
Governance
Good Governance in India and
its initiatives Minimum
government and maximum
governance
Sevottam Model Social
Audit Models of e-
Governance
Role of Civil Services in a
Democracy.
Difference between
Government and
Governance
Stakeholders of
Governance
Good Governance in India and
its initiatives Minimum
government and maximum
governance
Sevottam Model Social
Audit Models of e-
Governance
Role of Civil Services in a
Democracy.
Social justice
Welfare Schemes for
Vulnerable Sections of
the population by the
Centre and States and
the Performance of these
Schemes; Mechanisms,
Laws, Institutions and
Bodies constituted for the
Protection and
Betterment of these
Vulnerable Sections.
Issues
Relating to
Developmen
t and
Management of Social
Sector/Services
relating to Health,
Education, Human
Resources.
Issues relating to
Poverty and Hunger.
Welfare Schemes for
Vulnerable Sections of
the population by the
Centre and States and
the Performance of
these Schemes;
Mechanisms, Laws,
Institutions and Bodies
constituted for the
Protection and
Betterment of these
Vulnerable Sections.
C
h
il
d
r
e
n
W
o
m
e
n
Scheduled
Castes,
Schedule
Tribes and
Other Backward
Castes Senior
Citizen
Disabled
Persons
Minorities
LGBT
Communit
y Poor
Persons
Issues
Relating
to
Developm
ent and
Management of Social
Sector/Services
relating to Health,
Education, Human
Resources.
Issues relating to
Poverty and Hunger.
About
Welfare Schemes for
Vulnerable Sections of
the population by the
Centre and States and
the Performance of these
Schemes; Mechanisms,
Laws, Institutions and
Bodies constituted for the
Protection and
Betterment of these
Vulnerable Sections.
Issues
Relating to
Developmen
t and
Management of Social
Sector/Services
relating to Health,
Education, Human
Resources.
Issues relating to
Poverty and Hunger.
Welfare Schemes for
Vulnerable Sections of
the population by the
Centre and States and
the Performance of
these Schemes;
Mechanisms, Laws,
Institutions and Bodies
constituted for the
Protection and
Betterment of these
Vulnerable Sections.
C
h
il
d
r
e
n
W
o
m
e
n
Scheduled
Castes,
Schedule
Tribes and
Other Backward
Castes Senior
Citizen
Disabled
Persons
Minorities
LGBT
Communit
y Poor
Persons
Issues
Relating
to
Developm
ent and
Management of Social
Sector/Services
relating to Health,
Education, Human
Resources.
Issues relating to
Poverty and Hunger.
About
Poverty
and types
Vicious cycle of
poverty Causes
and its impact
Solutions
Various government
initiatives to curb
poverty and
hunger
International RelationsIndia and its
Neighborhood- Relations.
Bilateral, Regional and
Global Groupings and
Agreements
involving India and/or
affecting India’s interests.
Effect of Policies and
Politics of Developed and
Developing Countries on
India’s interests, Indian
Diaspora.
Important International
Institutions, agencies and
fora
– their Structure, Mandate.
India and its
Neighborhood-
Relations.
and types
Vicious cycle of
poverty Causes
and its impact
Solutions
Various government
initiatives to curb
poverty and
hunger
International RelationsIndia and its
Neighborhood- Relations.
Bilateral, Regional and
Global Groupings and
Agreements
involving India and/or
affecting India’s interests.
Effect of Policies and
Politics of Developed and
Developing Countries on
India’s interests, Indian
Diaspora.
Important International
Institutions, agencies and
fora
– their Structure, Mandate.
India and its
Neighborhood-
Relations.
Borders
Borders and Boundaries-
key agreements
India and Bangladesh
India and Nepal
India and Bhutan
India and Sri Lanka
India and Pakistan
India and Afghanistan
India and Maldives
Bilateral, Regional and
Global Groupings and
Agreements involving
India and/or affecting
India’s interests.
G77
G20
G7
G4
ASEAN
SAARC
BIMSTEC
Land and Maritime
agreements
Important International
Institutions, agencies
and fora – their
Structure, Mandate.
UNGA
UNSC
WTO
WB
WEF
ADB
AIIB
OECD
BRICS Bank
IBSA Forum
OPEC
OIC
Effect of Policies and Politics
of Developed and Developing
Countries on India’s interests,
Indian Diaspora.
Evolution of India’s Foreign
Policy
General Studies Paper-III Detailed Syllabus as per UPSC official syllabus
Borders and Boundaries-
key agreements
India and Bangladesh
India and Nepal
India and Bhutan
India and Sri Lanka
India and Pakistan
India and Afghanistan
India and Maldives
Bilateral, Regional and
Global Groupings and
Agreements involving
India and/or affecting
India’s interests.
G77
G20
G7
G4
ASEAN
SAARC
BIMSTEC
Land and Maritime
agreements
Important International
Institutions, agencies
and fora – their
Structure, Mandate.
UNGA
UNSC
WTO
WB
WEF
ADB
AIIB
OECD
BRICS Bank
IBSA Forum
OPEC
OIC
Effect of Policies and Politics
of Developed and Developing
Countries on India’s interests,
Indian Diaspora.
Evolution of India’s Foreign
Policy
General Studies Paper-III Detailed Syllabus as per UPSC official syllabus
Subjects Topics Sub topics
Indian
Economy and Economic
Development
Indian Economy and issues
relating to Planning,
Mobilization of Resources,
Growth, Development and
Employment.
Inclusive Growth and
issues arising from it.
Government Budgeting.
Major Crops – Cropping
Patterns in various parts of
the country, – Different
Types of Irrigation and
Irrigation
Systems; Storage,
Transport and Marketing of
Agricultural Produce and
Issues and Related
Constraints; E- technology
in the aid of farmers.
Issues related to Direct and
Indirect Farm Subsidies and
Minimum Support Prices;
Public Distribution System –
Objectives, Functioning,
Limitations, Revamping;
Issues of Buffer Stocks and
Food Security; Technology
Missions; Economics of
Animal-
Rearing.
Food Processing and
Related Industries in India-
Scope’ and
Significance, Location,
Upstream and Downstream
Requirements, Supply
Chain Management.
Land Reforms in India.
Effects of Liberalization on
the
Economy, Changes in
Industrial Policy and their
Effects on Industrial Growth.
Infrastructure: Energy,
Ports, Roads, Airports,
Railways etc.
Investment Models.
Indian Economy and
issues relating to
Planning, Mobilization of
Resources, Growth,
Development and
Employment.
Inclusive Growth
and issues arising
from it.
Introductio
n
Dimension
s
Need of
Inclusive Growth
in India
Poverty
Unemploymen
t Inequality
Challenges to
Inclusive
Growth Steps
taken by
Government for
Inclusive
Growth
Government
Budgeting.
Meaning
and
importance
Various
components of
Budget
Stages in
Budget
enactment
Lacunae in the
Budgetary
process
Budgetary
reforms Evolution
of
Budgeting
Highlights of
Union Budget
Major Crops –
Indian
Economy and Economic
Development
Indian Economy and issues
relating to Planning,
Mobilization of Resources,
Growth, Development and
Employment.
Inclusive Growth and
issues arising from it.
Government Budgeting.
Major Crops – Cropping
Patterns in various parts of
the country, – Different
Types of Irrigation and
Irrigation
Systems; Storage,
Transport and Marketing of
Agricultural Produce and
Issues and Related
Constraints; E- technology
in the aid of farmers.
Issues related to Direct and
Indirect Farm Subsidies and
Minimum Support Prices;
Public Distribution System –
Objectives, Functioning,
Limitations, Revamping;
Issues of Buffer Stocks and
Food Security; Technology
Missions; Economics of
Animal-
Rearing.
Food Processing and
Related Industries in India-
Scope’ and
Significance, Location,
Upstream and Downstream
Requirements, Supply
Chain Management.
Land Reforms in India.
Effects of Liberalization on
the
Economy, Changes in
Industrial Policy and their
Effects on Industrial Growth.
Infrastructure: Energy,
Ports, Roads, Airports,
Railways etc.
Investment Models.
Indian Economy and
issues relating to
Planning, Mobilization of
Resources, Growth,
Development and
Employment.
Inclusive Growth
and issues arising
from it.
Introductio
n
Dimension
s
Need of
Inclusive Growth
in India
Poverty
Unemploymen
t Inequality
Challenges to
Inclusive
Growth Steps
taken by
Government for
Inclusive
Growth
Government
Budgeting.
Meaning
and
importance
Various
components of
Budget
Stages in
Budget
enactment
Lacunae in the
Budgetary
process
Budgetary
reforms Evolution
of
Budgeting
Highlights of
Union Budget
Major Crops –
Cropping Patterns
in various parts of
the country
Different Types
of Irrigation
Drip and
Sprinkler
Irrigation
Surface
and
Subsurface
Irrigation
Irrigation
Systems Wells
and Tube Wells
in various parts of
the country
Different Types
of Irrigation
Drip and
Sprinkler
Irrigation
Surface
and
Subsurface
Irrigation
Irrigation
Systems Wells
and Tube Wells
Canal Irrigation
Tank Irrigation
Schemes of
Government related
to Irrigation
Storage, Transport
and Marketing of
Agricultural Produce
and Issues and
Related Constraints
Warehousing
Cold Storage
Agricultural Produce
Marketing
Committee (APMC)
Farms Act, 2020
E-technology in the
aid of farmers.
Uses of e-technology
for farmers
Various Initiatives
related to e-
technology to aid
farmers
Private sectors
initiatives
Agriculture sector
and Digital India
Challenges of
using e-technology
in agriculture
Issues related to
Direct and Indirect
Farm Subsidies and
Minimum Support
Prices
Types of
Agriculture
Subsidies in India
Issues related to
Agriculture
Subsidies
Agriculture Subsidies
and WTO
Agriculture Pricing
Policies
Technology
Missions.
Economics of
Tank Irrigation
Schemes of
Government related
to Irrigation
Storage, Transport
and Marketing of
Agricultural Produce
and Issues and
Related Constraints
Warehousing
Cold Storage
Agricultural Produce
Marketing
Committee (APMC)
Farms Act, 2020
E-technology in the
aid of farmers.
Uses of e-technology
for farmers
Various Initiatives
related to e-
technology to aid
farmers
Private sectors
initiatives
Agriculture sector
and Digital India
Challenges of
using e-technology
in agriculture
Issues related to
Direct and Indirect
Farm Subsidies and
Minimum Support
Prices
Types of
Agriculture
Subsidies in India
Issues related to
Agriculture
Subsidies
Agriculture Subsidies
and WTO
Agriculture Pricing
Policies
Technology
Missions.
Economics of
Animal-Rearing
Challenges faced by
Animal Husbandry
Sector
Challenges faced by
Animal Husbandry
Sector
Pink and White
Revolution
Operation Flood
Fisheries
Government
Initiatives
Food Processing and
Related Industries in
India- Scope’ and
Significance,
Location, Upstream
and Downstream
Requirements,
Supply Chain
Management.
Evolution of Food
Processing Industry
Schemes
Challenges
Policy Initiatives
WTO and Food
Processing Industry
Land Reforms in
India.
Effects of
Liberalization on the
Economy, Changes
in Industrial Policy
and their Effects on
Industrial Growth.
Infrastructure:
Energy, Ports,
Roads, Airports,
Railways etc
Infrastructure and
economic
development
Constraints
Government
initiatives
Telecommunication
Infrastructure and
North-Eastern
Region
Investment Models
Models used in
Planning process
Infrastructure-
Investment Model
Models of Foreign
Investments
Revolution
Operation Flood
Fisheries
Government
Initiatives
Food Processing and
Related Industries in
India- Scope’ and
Significance,
Location, Upstream
and Downstream
Requirements,
Supply Chain
Management.
Evolution of Food
Processing Industry
Schemes
Challenges
Policy Initiatives
WTO and Food
Processing Industry
Land Reforms in
India.
Effects of
Liberalization on the
Economy, Changes
in Industrial Policy
and their Effects on
Industrial Growth.
Infrastructure:
Energy, Ports,
Roads, Airports,
Railways etc
Infrastructure and
economic
development
Constraints
Government
initiatives
Telecommunication
Infrastructure and
North-Eastern
Region
Investment Models
Models used in
Planning process
Infrastructure-
Investment Model
Models of Foreign
Investments
Science and Technology
Science and Technology-
Developments and
their Applications and
Effects in Everyday
Life.
Achievements of
Indians in Science &
Technology;
Indigenization of
Technology and
Developing New
Technology.
Awareness in the fields
of IT, Space, Computers,
Robotics, Nano-
technology,
Bio-technology and
issues relating to
Intellectual Property
Rights
Science and
Technology-
Developments and
their Applications
and Effects in
Everyday Life.
Food technology
Business technology
Agriculture
Space
Research and
Development etc.
Achievements of
Indians in Science &
Technology Important
names associated
with
Science and
Technology C
V Raman
Vikram Sarabhai
APJ Abdul Kalam
Indigenization of
Technology and
Developing New
Technology.
Awareness in the
fields of IT, Space,
Computers,
Robotics, Nano-
technology, Bio-
technology and
issues relating to
Intellectual Property
Rights (IPR)
Types of IPR
IPR Regime in India
Various International
Agreements related to
IPR
Science and Technology-
Developments and
their Applications and
Effects in Everyday
Life.
Achievements of
Indians in Science &
Technology;
Indigenization of
Technology and
Developing New
Technology.
Awareness in the fields
of IT, Space, Computers,
Robotics, Nano-
technology,
Bio-technology and
issues relating to
Intellectual Property
Rights
Science and
Technology-
Developments and
their Applications
and Effects in
Everyday Life.
Food technology
Business technology
Agriculture
Space
Research and
Development etc.
Achievements of
Indians in Science &
Technology Important
names associated
with
Science and
Technology C
V Raman
Vikram Sarabhai
APJ Abdul Kalam
Indigenization of
Technology and
Developing New
Technology.
Awareness in the
fields of IT, Space,
Computers,
Robotics, Nano-
technology, Bio-
technology and
issues relating to
Intellectual Property
Rights (IPR)
Types of IPR
IPR Regime in India
Various International
Agreements related to
IPR
Bio-diversity and
Environment
Conservation,
Environmental Pollution
and Degradation,
Environmental Impact
Assessment.
Biodiversity
Indian Biodiversity
Animal Diversity of
India
Plant Diversity of
India
Marine Organism
Protected Area
Network
Conservation
Conservation efforts
Acts and Policies
Institution and
Measures
International
Environment
Conventions
Environmental
Organizations
Environmental
Pollution and
Degradation Air
Pollution
Water Pollution
Noise Pollution
Soil Pollution
Radio Active
Pollution
E-Waste
Solid Waste
Bio-remediation
Environmental
Impact Assessment
(EIA).
Need for EIA
EIA cycle and its
procedures
Components of EIA
Procedure of Public
Hearing
Drawbacks and
Recommendations of
EIA
Security Linkages between
Development and
Spread of
Extremism.
Role of External
State and
Non-state Actors in
creating
challenges to
Internal Security.
Environment
Conservation,
Environmental Pollution
and Degradation,
Environmental Impact
Assessment.
Biodiversity
Indian Biodiversity
Animal Diversity of
India
Plant Diversity of
India
Marine Organism
Protected Area
Network
Conservation
Conservation efforts
Acts and Policies
Institution and
Measures
International
Environment
Conventions
Environmental
Organizations
Environmental
Pollution and
Degradation Air
Pollution
Water Pollution
Noise Pollution
Soil Pollution
Radio Active
Pollution
E-Waste
Solid Waste
Bio-remediation
Environmental
Impact Assessment
(EIA).
Need for EIA
EIA cycle and its
procedures
Components of EIA
Procedure of Public
Hearing
Drawbacks and
Recommendations of
EIA
Security Linkages between
Development and
Spread of
Extremism.
Role of External
State and
Non-state Actors in
creating
challenges to
Internal Security.
Linkages between Development
and Spread of
Extremism. Terrorism, Extremism and
Radicalisation
and Spread of
Extremism. Terrorism, Extremism and
Radicalisation
Challenges to Internal
Security through
Communication
Networks, Role of
Media and Social
Networking Sites in
Internal Security
Challenges, Basics of
Cyber Security;
Money-Laundering
and its prevention.
Security
Challenges and
their
Management in
Border Areas –
Linkages of
Organized Crime
with Terrorism.
Various Security
Forces and Agencies
and their Mandate.
Naxalism, its origin and evolution
Objective, strategy and causes of
Naxalism Initiatives of
government to curb Naxalism
North-East Insurgency
Jammu and Kashmir Insurgency
Role of External
State and Non-state Actors in
creating challenges to Internal
Security.
Challenges posed by them
Terrorism and history of terrorism in
India Counter terrorism strategy of
India
Steps taken by government and
various global actions
Challenges to Internal Security
through
Communication Networks
About
Communication Network
Its role in today’s world
Types of threat to
Communication Networks
Importance of securing
Communication Network.
Challenges in securing
Communication Networks
Security through
Communication
Networks, Role of
Media and Social
Networking Sites in
Internal Security
Challenges, Basics of
Cyber Security;
Money-Laundering
and its prevention.
Security
Challenges and
their
Management in
Border Areas –
Linkages of
Organized Crime
with Terrorism.
Various Security
Forces and Agencies
and their Mandate.
Naxalism, its origin and evolution
Objective, strategy and causes of
Naxalism Initiatives of
government to curb Naxalism
North-East Insurgency
Jammu and Kashmir Insurgency
Role of External
State and Non-state Actors in
creating challenges to Internal
Security.
Challenges posed by them
Terrorism and history of terrorism in
India Counter terrorism strategy of
India
Steps taken by government and
various global actions
Challenges to Internal Security
through
Communication Networks
About
Communication Network
Its role in today’s world
Types of threat to
Communication Networks
Importance of securing
Communication Network.
Challenges in securing
Communication Networks
Role of Media and
Social Networking
Sites in Internal
Security Challenges
Basics of Cyber
Security; Money-
Laundering and its
prevention.
Security Challenges
and their
Management in
Border Areas –
Linkages of
Organized Crime
with Terrorism.
Border Management
in India
Indo-China Border
Indo-Pakistan
Indo-Nepal
Indo-Bhutan
Indo-Bangladesh
Indo-Myanmar
Indo-SriLanka
Measures and
initiatives of Border
Management
Coastal Security
Various Security
Forces and Agencies
and their Mandate.
Indian Armed
Forces
Central Armed Police
Forces
CISF
CRPF
ITBP
SSB etc.
Central Paramilitary
Forces
Assam Rifles
Indian Coast Guard
Security Agencies in
India
Disaster Management Disaster and Disaster Management.
Disaster
Social Networking
Sites in Internal
Security Challenges
Basics of Cyber
Security; Money-
Laundering and its
prevention.
Security Challenges
and their
Management in
Border Areas –
Linkages of
Organized Crime
with Terrorism.
Border Management
in India
Indo-China Border
Indo-Pakistan
Indo-Nepal
Indo-Bhutan
Indo-Bangladesh
Indo-Myanmar
Indo-SriLanka
Measures and
initiatives of Border
Management
Coastal Security
Various Security
Forces and Agencies
and their Mandate.
Indian Armed
Forces
Central Armed Police
Forces
CISF
CRPF
ITBP
SSB etc.
Central Paramilitary
Forces
Assam Rifles
Indian Coast Guard
Security Agencies in
India
Disaster Management Disaster and Disaster Management.
Disaster
Classification
of Disasters
Natural
Hazards
Earthquake
Tsunami
Cyclone
Floods
Drought
Landslides
Heat
Wave Cold
Wave
Wildfire
Anthropogenic
Hazards
Biological
Disasters
Industrial
Chemical
Disasters
Nuclear
Disasters
Hazards,
vulnerabilities
and risks
Disaster
management cycle
Preparedness
Risk reduction
Planning, relief and
rehabilitation
Recovery and
management post-
disaster
Disaster
management in
India
Legal and
institutional
framework
Vulnerability profile
of India
Disaster
Management Act,
2005
2nd ARC 3rd
Report-Crisis
Management
of Disasters
Natural
Hazards
Earthquake
Tsunami
Cyclone
Floods
Drought
Landslides
Heat
Wave Cold
Wave
Wildfire
Anthropogenic
Hazards
Biological
Disasters
Industrial
Chemical
Disasters
Nuclear
Disasters
Hazards,
vulnerabilities
and risks
Disaster
management cycle
Preparedness
Risk reduction
Planning, relief and
rehabilitation
Recovery and
management post-
disaster
Disaster
management in
India
Legal and
institutional
framework
Vulnerability profile
of India
Disaster
Management Act,
2005
2nd ARC 3rd
Report-Crisis
Management
Global framework on
Disaster
Management-Senda
i Framework
Various national and
international
initiatives to curb
disasters
International
Cooperation on
Disaster
Management
General Studies Paper-IV Detailed Syllabus as per UPSC official syllabus
Subject Detailed Syllabus
Ethics and Human Interface Essence, Determinants and
Consequences of Ethics in – Human
Actions
Dimensions of Ethics
Ethics – in Private and Public Relationships.
Human Values – Lessons from the
Lives and Teachings of Great
Leaders, Reformers and
Administrators
Role of Family Society and
Educational Institutions in Inculcating
Values.
Attitude Content, Structure, Function
Its Influence and Relation with Thought and Behaviour
Moral and Political Attitudes
Social Influence and Persuasion
Aptitude and Foundational ValuesAptitude and Foundational
Values for Civil Service
Integrity Impartiality and
Non-partisanship
Objectivity
D
Disaster
Management-Senda
i Framework
Various national and
international
initiatives to curb
disasters
International
Cooperation on
Disaster
Management
General Studies Paper-IV Detailed Syllabus as per UPSC official syllabus
Subject Detailed Syllabus
Ethics and Human Interface Essence, Determinants and
Consequences of Ethics in – Human
Actions
Dimensions of Ethics
Ethics – in Private and Public Relationships.
Human Values – Lessons from the
Lives and Teachings of Great
Leaders, Reformers and
Administrators
Role of Family Society and
Educational Institutions in Inculcating
Values.
Attitude Content, Structure, Function
Its Influence and Relation with Thought and Behaviour
Moral and Political Attitudes
Social Influence and Persuasion
Aptitude and Foundational ValuesAptitude and Foundational
Values for Civil Service
Integrity Impartiality and
Non-partisanship
Objectivity
D
e
d
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
t
o
P
u
b
l
i
c
S
e
r
v
i
c
e
E
m
p
a
t
h
y
Tolerance and Compassion towards the
weaker-sections.
d
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
t
o
P
u
b
l
i
c
S
e
r
v
i
c
e
E
m
p
a
t
h
y
Tolerance and Compassion towards the
weaker-sections.
Emotional Intelligence
Moral Thinkers and
Philosophers
Public/Civil
Services Values and Ethics in
Public
Administration
Emotional Intelligence-Concepts, and
their Utilities and Application in
Administration and Governance.
Contributions of Moral Thinkers and
Philosophers from India and World.
Status and Problems
Ethical Concerns and
Dilemmas in Government and
Private Institutions
Laws, Rules, Regulations and
Conscience as Sources of Ethical
Guidance
Accountability and Ethical Governance
Strengthening of Ethical and Moral
Values in Governance
Ethical Issues in
International Relations
and Funding Corporate
Governance.
Probity in Governance Concept of Public Service
Philosophical Basis of Governance and
Probity
Information Sharing and Transparency
in Government, Right to Information,
Codes of Ethics, Codes of Conduct,
Citizen’s Charters, Work Culture,
Quality of Service Delivery, Utilization
of Public Funds, Challenges of
Corruption.
Case Studies Case Studies on above issues.
Optional Paper (Paper VI and VII)
The UPSC mains exam syllabus also includes 48 optional subjects covering a wide horizon
of subjects including Literature, Arts, Science, Agriculture, Etc. Candidates have to select
one optional subject from the IAS syllabus and there will be two papers for 500 marks (250
marks each).
Moral Thinkers and
Philosophers
Public/Civil
Services Values and Ethics in
Public
Administration
Emotional Intelligence-Concepts, and
their Utilities and Application in
Administration and Governance.
Contributions of Moral Thinkers and
Philosophers from India and World.
Status and Problems
Ethical Concerns and
Dilemmas in Government and
Private Institutions
Laws, Rules, Regulations and
Conscience as Sources of Ethical
Guidance
Accountability and Ethical Governance
Strengthening of Ethical and Moral
Values in Governance
Ethical Issues in
International Relations
and Funding Corporate
Governance.
Probity in Governance Concept of Public Service
Philosophical Basis of Governance and
Probity
Information Sharing and Transparency
in Government, Right to Information,
Codes of Ethics, Codes of Conduct,
Citizen’s Charters, Work Culture,
Quality of Service Delivery, Utilization
of Public Funds, Challenges of
Corruption.
Case Studies Case Studies on above issues.
Optional Paper (Paper VI and VII)
The UPSC mains exam syllabus also includes 48 optional subjects covering a wide horizon
of subjects including Literature, Arts, Science, Agriculture, Etc. Candidates have to select
one optional subject from the IAS syllabus and there will be two papers for 500 marks (250
marks each).
The scope of the syllabus for optional subject papers (Paper VI and Paper VII) for the
examination is broadly of the honours degree level i.e. a level higher than the bachelor’s
degree and lower than the master’s degree. In the case of Engineering, Medical Science and
law, the level corresponds to the bachelor’s degree.
The candidates must give relevant, meaningful and succinct answer.
Candidates need to choose any one of the below-mentioned subjects as their optional.
examination is broadly of the honours degree level i.e. a level higher than the bachelor’s
degree and lower than the master’s degree. In the case of Engineering, Medical Science and
law, the level corresponds to the bachelor’s degree.
The candidates must give relevant, meaningful and succinct answer.
Candidates need to choose any one of the below-mentioned subjects as their optional.
Serial
Number
List of optional subjectsDetailed Syllabus
1 Agriculture Syllabus for Agriculture
2 Animal Husbandry and
Veterinary Science
Syllabus for Animal Husbandry and
Veterinary Science
3 Anthropology Syllabus for Anthropology
4 Botany Syllabus for Botany
5 Chemistry UPSC Syllabus for Chemistry
6 Civil Engineering UPSC Syllabus for Civil Engineering
7 Commerce & AccountancyUPSC Syllabus for Commerce &
Accountancy
8 Economics UPSC Syllabus for Economics
9 Electrical EngineeringUPSC Syllabus for Electrical Engineering
10 Geography UPSC Syllabus for Geography
11 Geology UPSC Syllabus for Geology
12 History UPSC Syllabus for History
13 Law UPSC Syllabus for Law
14 Management UPSC Syllabus for Management
15 Mathematics UPSC Syllabus for Mathematics
16 Mechanical EngineeringUPSC Syllabus for Mechanical Engineering
17 Medical Science UPSC Syllabus for Medical Science
18 Philosophy UPSC Syllabus for Philosophy
19 Physics UPSC Syllabus for Physics
20 Political Science &
International
Relations
UPSC Syllabus for Political Science &
International Relations
21 Psychology UPSC Syllabus for Psychology
22 Public AdministrationUPSC Syllabus for Public Administration
23 Sociology UPSC Syllabus for Sociology
Number
List of optional subjectsDetailed Syllabus
1 Agriculture Syllabus for Agriculture
2 Animal Husbandry and
Veterinary Science
Syllabus for Animal Husbandry and
Veterinary Science
3 Anthropology Syllabus for Anthropology
4 Botany Syllabus for Botany
5 Chemistry UPSC Syllabus for Chemistry
6 Civil Engineering UPSC Syllabus for Civil Engineering
7 Commerce & AccountancyUPSC Syllabus for Commerce &
Accountancy
8 Economics UPSC Syllabus for Economics
9 Electrical EngineeringUPSC Syllabus for Electrical Engineering
10 Geography UPSC Syllabus for Geography
11 Geology UPSC Syllabus for Geology
12 History UPSC Syllabus for History
13 Law UPSC Syllabus for Law
14 Management UPSC Syllabus for Management
15 Mathematics UPSC Syllabus for Mathematics
16 Mechanical EngineeringUPSC Syllabus for Mechanical Engineering
17 Medical Science UPSC Syllabus for Medical Science
18 Philosophy UPSC Syllabus for Philosophy
19 Physics UPSC Syllabus for Physics
20 Political Science &
International
Relations
UPSC Syllabus for Political Science &
International Relations
21 Psychology UPSC Syllabus for Psychology
22 Public AdministrationUPSC Syllabus for Public Administration
23 Sociology UPSC Syllabus for Sociology
24 Statistics UPSC Syllabus for Statistics
25 Zoology UPSC Syllabus for Zoology
Serial
Number
List of Literature optional
subjects
Detailed Syllabus
1 Assamese UPSC Syllabus for Assamese
2 Bengali UPSC Syllabus for Bengali
3 Bodo UPSC Syllabus for Bodo
4 Dogri UPSC Syllabus for Dogri
5 Gujarati UPSC Syllabus for Gujarati
6 Hindi UPSC Syllabus for Hindi
7 Kannada UPSC Syllabus for Kannada
8 Kashmiri UPSC Syllabus for Kashmiri
9 Konkani UPSC Syllabus for Konkani
10 Maithili UPSC Syllabus for Maithili
11 Malayalam UPSC Syllabus for Malayalam
12 Manipuri UPSC Syllabus for Manipuri
13 Marathi UPSC Syllabus for Marathi
14 Nepali UPSC Syllabus for Nepali
15 Oriya UPSC Syllabus for Oriya
16 Punjabi UPSC Syllabus for Punjabi
17 Sanskrit UPSC Syllabus for Sanskrit
18 Santhali UPSC Syllabus for Santhali
19 Sindhi UPSC Syllabus for Sindhi
20 Tamil UPSC Syllabus for Tamil
21 Telugu UPSC Syllabus for Telugu
22 Urdu UPSC Urdu Syllabus
23 English UPSC English Syllabus
25 Zoology UPSC Syllabus for Zoology
Serial
Number
List of Literature optional
subjects
Detailed Syllabus
1 Assamese UPSC Syllabus for Assamese
2 Bengali UPSC Syllabus for Bengali
3 Bodo UPSC Syllabus for Bodo
4 Dogri UPSC Syllabus for Dogri
5 Gujarati UPSC Syllabus for Gujarati
6 Hindi UPSC Syllabus for Hindi
7 Kannada UPSC Syllabus for Kannada
8 Kashmiri UPSC Syllabus for Kashmiri
9 Konkani UPSC Syllabus for Konkani
10 Maithili UPSC Syllabus for Maithili
11 Malayalam UPSC Syllabus for Malayalam
12 Manipuri UPSC Syllabus for Manipuri
13 Marathi UPSC Syllabus for Marathi
14 Nepali UPSC Syllabus for Nepali
15 Oriya UPSC Syllabus for Oriya
16 Punjabi UPSC Syllabus for Punjabi
17 Sanskrit UPSC Syllabus for Sanskrit
18 Santhali UPSC Syllabus for Santhali
19 Sindhi UPSC Syllabus for Sindhi
20 Tamil UPSC Syllabus for Tamil
21 Telugu UPSC Syllabus for Telugu
22 Urdu UPSC Urdu Syllabus
23 English UPSC English Syllabus
FAQs related to Mains syllabus
What are the qualifying language papers in the Mains Examination?
The qualifying language papers include an Indian language paper and an English language
paper. These papers are of a qualifying nature, and candidates need to score a minimum
mark to pass them.
What is the syllabus for the essay paper in the Mains Examination?
The essay paper requires candidates to write essays on varieties of topics. The syllabus is
not specific, but candidates are expected to write coherently and express their thoughts
effectively.
How one can prepare for optional without any coaching?
Preparing for optional topics necessitates deep study and specialization. Candidates are
recommended to use specialised books and resources for their optional topics. Self-study is
key for all the exam papers.
How one can effectively manage time during Mains preparation?
Time management is essential in Mains preparation. Create a well-structured study plan,
allocate sufficient time for each paper, and practice time-bound answer writing.
Regularly assess your progress and adapt your study strategy as needed.
How to improve writing and analytical skills for the Mains Examination?
To improve writing and analytical skills, practice writing essays and answers regularly.
Reading and critical analysis of diverse subjects can also enhance your analytical abilities.
What are the qualifying language papers in the Mains Examination?
The qualifying language papers include an Indian language paper and an English language
paper. These papers are of a qualifying nature, and candidates need to score a minimum
mark to pass them.
What is the syllabus for the essay paper in the Mains Examination?
The essay paper requires candidates to write essays on varieties of topics. The syllabus is
not specific, but candidates are expected to write coherently and express their thoughts
effectively.
How one can prepare for optional without any coaching?
Preparing for optional topics necessitates deep study and specialization. Candidates are
recommended to use specialised books and resources for their optional topics. Self-study is
key for all the exam papers.
How one can effectively manage time during Mains preparation?
Time management is essential in Mains preparation. Create a well-structured study plan,
allocate sufficient time for each paper, and practice time-bound answer writing.
Regularly assess your progress and adapt your study strategy as needed.
How to improve writing and analytical skills for the Mains Examination?
To improve writing and analytical skills, practice writing essays and answers regularly.
Reading and critical analysis of diverse subjects can also enhance your analytical abilities.
Categories
TechnologyDownload
Download Slideshow Get the original presentation fileQuick Actions
Statistics
- Views 71
- Slides 52
- Age 530 days
Related Slideshows
11
8-top-ai-courses-for-customer-support-representatives-in-2025.pptx
JeroenErne2
48 views
10
7-essential-ai-courses-for-call-center-supervisors-in-2025.pptx
JeroenErne2
47 views
13
25-essential-ai-courses-for-user-support-specialists-in-2025.pptx
JeroenErne2
37 views
11
8-essential-ai-courses-for-insurance-customer-service-representatives-in-2025.pptx
JeroenErne2
35 views
21
Know for Certain
DaveSinNM
23 views
17
PPT OPD LES 3ertt4t4tqqqe23e3e3rq2qq232.pptx
novasedanayoga46
26 views