Exploring polygraphbasicUnderstand .pptx

A polygraph, often incorrectly referred to as a lie detector test,[1][2][3] is a pseudoscientific[4][5][6] device or procedure that measures and records several physiological indicators such as blood pressure, pulse, respiration, and skin conductivity while a person is asked and answers a series of questions.[7] The belief underpinning the use of the polygraph is that deceptive answers will produce physiological responses that can be differentiated from those associated with non-deceptive answers; however, there are no specific physiological reactions associated with lying, making it difficult to identify factors that separate those who are lying from those who are telling the truth.[8]

In some countries, polygraphs are used as an interrogation tool with criminal suspects or candidates for sensitive public or private sector employment. Some United States law enforcement and federal government agencies,[9][10] and many police departments use polygraph examinations to interrogate suspects and screen new employees. Within the US federal government, a polygraph examination is also referred to as a psychophysiological detection of deception examination.[11]

Assessments of polygraphy by scientific and government bodies generally suggest that polygraphs are highly inaccurate, may easily be defeated by countermeasures, and are an imperfect or invalid means of assessing truthfulness.[12][13][6][14] A comprehensive 2003 review by the National Academy of Sciences of existing research concluded that there was "little basis for the expectation that a polygraph test could have extremely high accuracy."[6] The American Psychological Association states that "most psychologists agree that there is little evidence that polygraph tests can accurately detect lies."
The examiner typically begins polygraph test sessions with a pre-test interview to gain some preliminary information which will later be used to develop diagnostic questions. Then the tester will explain how the polygraph is supposed to work, emphasizing that it can detect lies and that it is important to answer truthfully. Then a "stim test" is often conducted: the subject is asked to deliberately lie and then the tester reports that he was able to detect this lie. Guilty subjects are likely to become more anxious when they are reminded of the test's validity. However, there are risks of innocent subjects being equally or more anxious than the guilty.[15] Then the actual test starts. Some of the questions asked are "irrelevant" ("Is your name Fred?"), others are "diagnostic" questions, and the remainder are the "relevant questions" that the tester is really interested in. The different types of questions alternate. The test is passed if the physiological responses to the diagnostic questions are larger than those during the relevant questions.[16]

Criticisms have been given regarding the validity of the administration of the Control Question Technique. The CQT may be vulnerables to being conducted in

1. Exploring polygraph basic Forensic 5- midterm act. 1

2. what is polygraphy?

3. POLYGRAPH

4. TWO TYPES OF POLYGRAPH INSTRUMENT

5. Four Major Components of Analog Polygraph

6. Other Parts Of Analog Polygraph Machine 1. Pen Lifter- Raises the lowers pens to three positions 2. Program Pacer-A programmable cueing device for question-and-answer pacing 3. Paper Tear bar-Provides cutting edge for convenient removal of charts. 4. Foam Pen Hold-Down-Keeps pens in place when the instrument is being transported. 5. Compartment-Storage for all forms and supplies. Slightly smaller in Executive Ultra Scribe. 6. Subject Connections-Stylish grouping provides neat, professional appearance. Facilities set-up and storage.

7. 7. Mechanical Pneumo Module-Recording part of Mechanical Pneumo Channel. 8. Galvanic skin Response Module-Recording part of GSR channel 9. Mechanical Cardio Module-Recording part of the mechanical cardio module. 10. Paper storage Compartment-Holds two rolls of chart paper or other supplies 11. AC Power Receptacle-Power chords connect here; international standard design for easy cord replacement 12. Power switch and Circuit breaker-Applies power to the instrument. Built in resettable circuit breaker protects instrument and eliminates the need for fuses. To reset 13. Chart Drive Roller Lever- simple press "off and then "on" again. Lifts chart drive roller for paper changes and chart removal. 14 Power Analyzer- Automatically indicates whether wall outlets are properly wired and grounded for proper instrument operation and subject safety. 15. Stimulus Marker 16. Sphygmomanometer Dial- Marks significant events on the chart. Reads operating pressure of cardio

8. 17. Pneumo 1- channels Pneumatic connection for upper (thoracic) 18. Pneumo 2- pneumograph . Pneumatic connection for lower (abdominal) pneumograph 19. Cuff- Pneumatic connection for Cardio channel subject cuff tubing. 20. Pump-Pneumatic connection for hand pump used to inflate the subject cuff

9. IMPORTANT PERSONALITIES IN POLYGRAPHY AND THEIR GREAT CONTRIBUTIONS

10. The psychology of lying Lying refers to making a false statement to deceive others intentionally, often for some form of personal gain. It has been a part of our everyday life and we have casually normalized this behavioral response in communicating with others. Researchers also say that it is a consistent feature of human social behavior. Deceiving is generally viewed as emotionally taxing and morally wrong. We lie for various reasons, often to avoid the situations and escape from reality. Weare afraid to face what’s coming for us and deceive our-selves to get away with it.

11. There are mainly four broad categories of liars.

12. We focused on how lying is a part of our social as well as our day to day life. We all indulge in some kind of lying quite often. We also covered the reasons behind some people develop a habit of lying. Predominantly, the theory of lying suggest that lying is innate in nature as we move towards achieving our needs. In order to achieve these levels and to prevent the obstacles from coming way to our need satisfaction we make statements which may be not true. Lying becomes pathological when it adopts a destructive side to it, either it harms the person who’s lying or to whom they are lying to. We lie in close as well casual relationships, and sometimes to our own selves.

13. Thank You