exposure and vulnerability.pptx........................

ppt

1. Exposure and Vulnerability DISASTER READINESS AND RISK REDUCTION

2. CLASS RECAP

3. Overview Exposure refers to the presence of people, livelihood, environmental services and resources, infrastructure, or economic, social, or cultural assets in places that could be adversely affected by physical events and which, thereby, are subject to potential future harm, loss, or damage. It may be possible to be exposed but not vulnerable.

4. Various Elements Exposed to Hazards 1. Physical hazard – is defined as “a factor within the environment that can harm the body without necessarily touching it.” For the examples, vibration and noise.

5. Various Elements Exposed to Hazards 1. Cultural hazard – also known as social hazards, result from your location, socioeconomic status, occupation and behavioral choices.

6. Various Elements Exposed to Hazards 1. Economic hazard – refers to major natural disasters which can and do have severe negative short-run economic impacts.

7. Various Elements Exposed to Hazards 1. Environmental hazard – refers to state of events which has the potential to threaten the surrounding natural environment and adversely affect people’s health.

8. Defining Vulnerability Vulnerability is the state of susceptibility to harm from exposure to stresses associated with environmental and social change and from the absence of capacity to adapt.

9. Vulnerable Sectors Include 1. Agriculture and Food The agriculture sector in the Philippines is highly dependent on a constant water supply and unpredictable growing seasons. Climate-related changes disrupt farming activities and hamper agricultural production resulting physical factors.

10. Vulnerable Sectors Include 2. Watersheds: Forestry, Biodiversity, and Water resources Major river basins in the Philippines are considered the lifeblood of the Philippine economy. However, because of the pollution, unstable resource use and the additional pressure brought on by climate change, these areas have become less viable.

11. Vulnerable Sectors Include 3. Coastal and Marine Resources Even without climate change, many parts of the Philippines coasts were already getting damaged and deteriorating due to natural causes or human- induced activities.

12. Vulnerable Sectors Include 4. Human Health Infectious diseases that are climate-sensitive become vulnerabilities of a population that is threatened by the increasing frequency of extreme climate events. Other diseases have re- emerged or have become harder to treat.

13. Human Factors 1. Wealth The poor are less able to afford housing and other infrastructure that can withstand extreme events, and less likely to have access to medical care.

14. Human Factors 2. Education With education, we can learn how to avoid or reduce many impacts. When populations include professionals trained in hazards, then these people can help the populations with their hazards preparations and responses.

15. Human Factors 3. Governance They can advance policies that reduce vulnerability. They can support education and awareness efforts, as well as economic development to reduce poverty. They can foster social networks and empower individuals and communities to help themselves to prepare for and respond to hazards.

16. Human Factors 4. Technology It can improve our ability to forecast extreme events, withstand the impacts of events, and recover afterwards. Wealthier, more educated societies are more likely to have more advance technology.

17. Human Factors 4. Age Children and the elderly tend to be more vulnerable. They have less physical strength to survive disasters and are often more susceptible to certain diseases.

18. Human Factors 4. Gender Women are often more vulnerable to natural hazards than men. This is in part because women are likely to be poor, less educated, and politically marginalised, often due to sexism in societies around the world.

19. RISK E ar t hqu a k e Tsunami Floods Cyclones Bushfires Lan d sl i d es Volcanoes Engin eer i ng Economic Social Exposure People Buildings Business I n f r a s t r uc t u r e Risk = Hazard x Exposure x Vulnerability Capacity Triagram of Disaster Risk

20. Performance Task #3 “The Role of Urbanization in Amplifying Vulnerability and Exposure to Natural Disaster”

21. Philippine Exposure and Vulnerabilities to Natural Disaster 8 ou t o f 1 0 citi e s m o s t e x p osed hazards t o n a tu r al a r e in the Philippi n e s . (Philipp i ne Star, 2014) Stud y also f o u n d th a t of the 10 0 c i t ies greatest exposure with the to natural hazard, 21 are in the Philippines, 16 in China, 11 in Japan and 8 in Bangladesh

22. 10 World Cities Most at Risk Port Villa in Vanuatu Tuguegarao in Cagayan Lucena in Quezon Manila San Fernando Pampanga Cabanatuan in Nueva Ecija Batangas Taipei San Carlos , Pangasinan Naga in Camarines sur

23. Philippine Vulnerability to Natural Disaster The Philippines lies in the Pacific typhoon belt and we are visited by an average of 20 typhoons every year. The rugged nature of our landscape makes our communities very vulnerable to landslides, mudflows and other disasters. The Philippines is an archipelagic country with many small island. Many of our areas are also at below sea level With one of the longest in the world at 32,400 km, we have many areas that are vulnerable to storm surges. The Philippines is still a primary agricultural and fishing economy.

24. Natural hazard risk is compounded in the Philippines by poor institutional and social capacity to mange, respond and recover from natural hazard events. The Philippines is considered “high risk” in terms of the country’s ability to manage and mitigate the impacts of natural hazard and in part due to ‘entrenched corruption and high levels of poverty’. Aside from being at risk to typhoons, the Philippines is also at risk to volcanic, quakes and floods. Philippine Vulnerability to Natural Disaster