EXTERNAL LOAD OPERATION Load Master hlm.ppt

EXTERNAL LOAD OPERATION Load Master hlm.ppt

1. HLHLMM TRAINING MANUAL TRAINING MANUAL
UNDER SLUNG LOADUNDER SLUNG LOAD
By :By :
Sentot SusetiyoSentot Susetiyo

2. EXTERNAL LOAD OPERATIONS
I. General
External load operation is require high degree of training both on the ground
and flight, for pilot, loadmaster / HLM and HLO. It is necessary to all
personnel involved in this type of operation to consider that safe
procedures and techniques are put into practice as that preparation and
plan are carried out.
Including careful checking and all equipment that will be used in the operation.

The guidance in this section is basics procedures, instructions, and
precaution to accomplished the task.
This form of movement of goods by air is not common occurrence, but one
which will be used if a lot cannot be accommodated within the fuselage of
the helicopter.
REGULATIONS AND GUIDANCE DOCUMENTS
•Helicopter External Load Operations (C.A.P 426).
•Helicopter have to follow a very strict set of regulations found the air
navigation order as well a requirements placed on helicopter type and
operator by the C.A.A (Civil Aviation Administration).

3. HLM TRAINING MANUAL
GENERAL SAFETY
DRESSING FOR WORK , away from work you may choose the clothes to suit
yourself, when going to work you should dress appropriately. You
should wear :
Whenever working under helicopters for external load work, you should wear :
•A helmet to protect your head.
•Gloves to protect your hand from sharp object.
•Goggles to protect your eye from flying debris and dust.
•Ear plugs/muffs to reduce noise effect and keep dust out of the ears
•Safety Shoes.
•Plain tough clothes that are comfortable and may be buttoned up.
Loose sleeves, unbuttoned or open shirts or sweaters, ties or loose
belts can become a dangerous safety hazard.
•Suitable footwear and keep it in good repair. Stout soles protect against
injury from sharp objects, whilst reinforce toe caps can protect the toes
from heavy object such as drilling rig bits falling on your feet.
•A respirator if spraying paints or using chemicals.
•Rubber gloves when handling dangerous substances

4. HLM DUTIES (ROLE OF HLO)
The HLO / HLM primary duty is to safely supervise loading and unloading aircraft.
The HLM is responsible to the contact chief pilot. He shall assist him in whatever manner is
required. If the chief pilot is not on site, the HLO shall confer with the customer’s
representative as to the requirement for the day.
The HLM is responsible for ground safety during daily activities in the field. He should
Possess a general knowledge of the flight characteristics, loads limitations and gross
weights of the aircraft on contract.
The HLM is responsible for the supervision of the crew working with him, such as the
marshaller, hook man, sling man and refueler. The HLO / HLM will give instructions to
any trainee assigned to his crew and submit a written report to the chief pilot of the
contract.
The HLM is responsible for all the equipment used in daily operations, both the companies
and the customers. If he find any unsafe or in need of replacement, he will report it to the
chief pilot immediately.
HLM is responsible to check fuel tanks, barges or drums. He should make a report of the
total amount on hand each day to the chief pilot. He shall drains all the tanks in the
morning and take required samples to the chief pilot or engineer each day.
HLO / HLM should be familiar with the customer operations.
HLO / HLM should be familiar with all heli-lift equipment and its used.
HLO / HLM should be familiar with customer equipment.

5. A. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE
•MODEL/TYPE OF AIRCRAFT
•GROSS WEIGHT
•FUEL SYSTEMS
•FLIGHT CHARACTERISTIC
•CREW REQUIRED
•SAFETY

6. THE WORK AREA, just as your living area must be kept clean and tidy to be
safe and pleasant to live in, so must your work area. Have a place for
everything and keep everything in its place.
•Keep exist and walk areas free of obstruction over which people could trip.
•Remove immediately any oils, paints, grease, and any other fluids that have been
split.
LIFTING AND CARRYING OBJECTS , manual lifting and carrying can
subject the body to great strain and frequently causes accidents. It often
result in serious and permanent back injury if done incorrectly . This
injuries often accumulate in effect over a period of time. To prevent
injuries resulting from the lifting and carrying of objects:
•Used suitable mechanical equipment whenever possible.
•Use the appropriate equipment.
•Learn the correct methods the lifting and carrying.

7. II. Introduction
External load operation where by the cargo is picked up and delivered while
suspended from helicopter cargo hook. This operation consist of three
phases:
•Hook Up Phase, the helicopter arrives at the pick up site and maneuvered
into position by instruction from the loadmaster using hand signal or UHF
radio until it is positioned over a load (under slung) load. The load can
then be engaged on the cargo hook.
•Transport Phase, The helicopter lift and moves the under slung load from
the hook up site to the release site.
•Release Phase, the helicopter arrives at the release site and is
maneuvered either visually by the pilot or under the direction of a radio
equipped HLM or HLO on the ground. When the helicopter is in position
over a selected and prepared release point. The under slung load is
landed and detached from the cargo hook.

8. III. ADVANTAGES OF EXTERNAL LOADS.
•The load can be easily jettisoned.
•Large bulky load can be easily handed.
•The load set down area does not need the same preparation as for internal loads.
•Quicker turn around time is achieved.
•Dangerous goods can be safely handed.
IV. DISADVANTAGES OF EXTERNAL LOAD.
•Only load for one destination can be carried.
•Aircraft speed is much slower with an external load than if the same weight
was
placed inside the aircraft.
3. The A/C is far less maneuverable.

9. RECEIVING A LOAD (OFF LOADING)
1. Prepare the off loading area. Insure it is free of loose objects, unnecessary
personnel and clear of obstructions.
2. If the load is spinning, have the pilot set it first on the ground and then reposition it.
3. If on approach the pilot turn on his search or landing lights, have all personnel clear
the are.
4. Stand in a position easily seen by the pilot.
DIRECTING THE AIRCRAFT
•On all external load operation the HLO/Loadmaster shall direct the aircraft
approaching, lifting and setting down the load. This will be down by means
of either hand signal or by a radio.
2. Hand signals:
•The HLO/Loadmaster will used the standard hand signals.
•Make all movement is a positive manner, facing the aircraft.
•Stand in a position easily seen by the pilot, yet close enough that you can
control the hook man. If you can not see the pilot, he can not see you.
•Keep pilot advised of number of sling on site, and when you will require
more returned.

10. 3. RADIO SIGNALS:
•Check radio before starting to the field. Adjust volume and squelch.
Insure that you are in the correct frequency by means of a radio
check with the aircraft.
•Switch the radio on when working, however conserve talking on the
radio.
•Use of the radio requires practice. Most new HLO/Loadmaster have a
tendency to yell while the helicopter is in close proximity.
TALK IN A NORMAL VOICE WHEN USING THE RADIO
Used standard term the pilot can easily understand such as:
Inform the pilot that area as clear.
As the pilot name of the load, example………….
Position of setting down the load, example……..
Wind direction and velocity, example: wind is coming from the north,
approach from the south.

11. Guide the aircraft, using either hand signal or radio. During approach, pick
up and take off, examples:
•All clear
•Forward 40 ft
•Down 20 ft
•Forward 20 ft
•Twenty feet clear under the load
•Keep you high (maint high)
•Forward 15 – 10 – 5 – 3 – 1 – hold
•Down 15 – 10 – 5 – 1 to the left or right
•Load on the ground
• Down 1 and move to left or right 1
•Release
•Hook is clear. Coming up 10
•Clear to turn…clear to go

12. Hand Signals
For standardization purpose the pilot will use the following basic hand signals
or external load operation:
Hover, arms extended horizontally-sideways
Move upward, arms extended horizontally sideways,
beckoning upward with palm turned up. Speed of
movement should be constant.
Move downward, arms extended horizontally sideways,
beckoning downward with palm turned down. Speed of
movement should be constant.
Move left, Right arm extended horizontally sideways, left
arm sweeps upward and inward toward head.
Move right, left arm extended horizontally sideways, left
arm sweeps upward and inward toward head.

13. Land, arms crossed and extended downward in
front of body.
Load is unhooked, One arm extended
horizontally, hand close with thumb extended
vertical (thumb up signal) indicated cargo hook
has released load and helicopter is clear to
move.
Released load, one forearm and hand
horizontal to the ground pulling hand across the
throat (signal of cutting throat).
Move fore ward, arm extended vertically with
palm of hand to ward the body. Motion as
thought pulling aircraft toward signal man.
Move rearward, arm extended vertically with
back of hands toward the body. Motion as
thought pushing aircraft away from signal man.
Take off, point in direction of take off with only
one arm extended.

14. HOVER

15. MOVE UPWARD

16. MOVE DOWNWARD

17. MOVE LEFT

18. MOVE RIGHT

19. LAND

20. LOAD IS UN-HOOK

21. RELEASE LOAD

22. MOVE FORWARD

23. MOVE REARWARD

24. TAKE OFF

25. DESPATCHING A LOAD (SLING LOADS).
•The HLO/Loadmaster should prepare the landing area. The area should be:
•Large enough for the type aircraft used.
•Clear of hazards and loose equipment, tarps, wood etc.
•Clear of unnecessary personnel.
•Clear of heavy equipment, radio antennas and any other object that may be
a hazard to the helicopter.
THE HLO/LOADMASTER SHOULD PREPARE THE LOAD :
•Know the name and weight of the load.
•Fasten loose parts of the load with rope.
•Rig the load properly with standardized slings.
•Have the load positioned in clear area.
•Insure the load is ready, in all respects, before directing the aircraft to the
land.

26. When the load is ready, the HLO/Loadmaster should:
Inform the pilot, the load is ready and the area is clear.
Give the pilot the following information:
Name and weight the load
Position of the load
Wind direction and velocity
Guide the aircraft, using either hand signals or radio, during approach, pick up
and take off
Inform the pilot the destination of the load
Inform the pilot of the next load, name and weight, for fuel planning.
HOOK UP PROCEDURE.
HLO/Loadmaster protective equipment:
•Helmet, the helmet protect the head from injuries cause by flying debris and other
object. It also offer some protection if it is struck by a helicopter, cargo hook or
under slung load
•Dust goggles, are required in a high dust/debris environment to ensure that the
HLO/Loadmaster can see well enough to operate effectively in the rotor down
wash. The goggles protect the eyes against entry of sand, dust, or insects.
•Earplugs/ear muffs, provide a twofold protection. First, against noise, second
against the entry of sand, dust or other foreign matter the ears.

27. RADIO SIGNALS :
•Check radio before starting to the field. Adjust volume and squelch. Insure that
you are in the correct frequency by means of a radio check with the aircraft.
•Switch the radio on when working, however conserve talking on the radio.
•Use of the radio requires practice. Most new HLO/Loadmaster have a tendency
to yell while the helicopter is in close proximity.
TALK IN A NORMAL VOICE WHEN USING THE RADIO
Used standard term the pilot can easily understand such as:
Additional information such as tail rotor clear, main rotor clear, underneath clear, you are clear
to the left, load’s twenty feet clear above the ground, crane boom clear to the wheel, hold your
position, position your tail left three.
Example: Wind is coming from the east, approach from the west, Load’s medium 3000 lbs,
located near the mud tank. Hook man in the red vest near it. Your tail clear to the right.
Forward ten, five, three, two, one. Hold. Hook on. Take the weight come up five, up three,
two, one. Steady. Take the weight, loads coming on, clear one, clear two, clear five, ten, clear
twenty, clear to go. Loads ok or loads steady.
•Use two way communication with the pilot while you are working on the sling loads. i.e. radio
and hand signals. This May be required when your radio doesn’t work or if the surroundings
are too noisy.
• Keep the radio out of the rain. Handle it carefully and make sure it is put on re charge every
night.

28. EQUIPMENT FOR UNDER SLING LOAD
•Cargo nets.
•Wire rope slings.
•Shackles (clevis).
•Radio.
CARGO NETS:
•TYPE OF NETS:
Nylon nets.
Rope nets.
•SIZE OF THE NETS:
- Small is 4 x 4 m
- Medium is 5 x 5 m
- Large is 6 x 6 m
- Diameter of the rope net is 1 inch.
- Capacity 5000 lbs for EA nets minimum.
WIRE ROPE SLING
Type of the sling normally used for under slung load:
1. Diameter 1/2 inch.
2. Diameter 5/8 inch.
Wire rope sling assemblies are available in 4 type:
1. Short point sling size 3 ft.
2. Medium point sling size 12 ft.
3. Long point sling size 18 ft.
4. Long line sling size 30 ft.

29. SHACKLES.
Shackles assemblies used in rigging of slung load consist of a shackles body,
a cap screw and a nut. Shackles assemblies are available in 3 size large,
medium and small:
1. Small suspension shackles diameter 1/2 inch, cap screw and is rated at 2000 kgs
capacity.
2. Medium suspension shackles diameter 5/8 inch, cap screw and is rated at
3500 kgs.
3. Large suspension shackles diameter 1 inch, cap screw and is rated at 8000 kgs.

30. SLING LOAD CEMENT ON CARGO NET

31. SLING LOAD
PIPES

32. MINNING
RIG MOVE

33. OIL RIG MOVE
SCHLUMBERGER UNIT

34. MINNING
RIG MOVE

35. DANGEROUS GOODS.
•Dangerous goods can be safely handed.
•Separated from other dangerous cargo.
•It is easily jettisonable.
•Carriage of explosive and detonator at the same time is prohibited.
•Check all fuel drums if any leaking do not carriage by sling loads
STATIC DISCHARGE (ELECTRICITY)
•Pilots will ensure that ground crew understand how to discharge static
electricity from the helicopter prior to attempting to attach cargo to the
cargo hook. This can be done by touching the air frame with the
ground wire or if a metal sling is used. The hook ring can be struck
against the cargo hook.
•Have the pilot set it on the ground first and then reposition it.
•Wearing rubber gloves when working with cables and procedures for
discharge of static electricity

36. LIMITATION.
When arranging the movement of under slung loads
The following should be taken into consideration :
•In normal circumstances no passengers are allowed to be
carried.
•Transit speed of helicopter maybe greatly reduced.
•Cannot normally take place during hours of darkness.
•Weather limitations maybe greater.
HLO/Loadmaster must to the following:
•Maximum external load can be carried limits to 4.000 lbs.
•Maximum speed with external load attached is 80 knots.
•Maximum cross weight Bell 205A-1=9500 lbs, Bell 212=10.200 lbs,
Bell 412=11.900 lbs.
CARGO HOOK.
Cargo hook system inspection, Prior to performing any sling operation the
HLO/Loadmaster during ground inspection that the external cargo equipment
is in satisfactory condition to perform the operation safely. The inspection
will include :
•Visually check hook for general condition and security of attachment to the helicopter.
•Actuate the hook and determine that when in the locked position the mechanist is
locked.
•Ensure that the hook unlock properly when manual release is activated in the cockpit.
•Ensure that hook can be unlocked manually at the hook from the ground.

37. HOOK UP SAFETY PRECAUTIONS.
Preparedness, the HLO/Loadmaster must be careful and alert at all time
when working under a hovering helicopter. They must exercise sound
judgment and common sense in stationing themselves at, or on an under
slung load so that, if the under slung load is accidentally dragged along
the ground by the hovering helicopter or prematurely lifted from the
ground, they can move clear immediately to avoid injury. When engaged
in the hook up or manual release of oversize or odd shape under slung
load, the HLO/Loadmaster must be particularly careful as this load impose
additional hazard.
CARGO HOOK MALFUNCTION.
•If electrical cargo release fails, check circuit
breaker, if still inoperative, use manual
release.
•If manual release fails, signal ground
crewman to unhook load while on the hover.
Note: pilot will cease external load operation in the
event that the manual release mechanism fails with the
exception of class a load.

38. EMERGENCY
1. Engine failure during hook up/release:
• Release sling load (cargo).
• The helicopter is to be move to the left. The HLO/Loadmaster always
moves to the right side of the helicopter after hook up/release, clear at the
main rotor.
2. Engine failure during take off:
•Release cargo.
•Turn slightly to either side of
take off pad.
•Perform authoritative landing.

39. THE END
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