EXTINCTION. pptx

Overview
In psychology, extinction is the gradual weakening and disappearance of a learned behavior or conditioned response. This occurs when a previously reinforced behavior is no longer followed by a reinforcer (in operant conditioning) or when a conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus (in classical conditioning). For example, a child's tantrum behavior might be extinguished when parents consistently ignore the tantrum and no longer give the child candy.
How it works
Classical conditioning: A conditioned response (like a dog salivating at a bell) weakens and disappears when the conditioned stimulus (the bell) is presented repeatedly without the unconditioned stimulus (food).
Operant conditioning: A behavior that was previously maintained by a reward stops occurring when the reward is no longer given. For instance, if a person is no longer praised for a specific action, they will eventually stop performing that action.
Key aspects
Not the same as punishment: Extinction involves removing the reinforcement that maintains a behavior, whereas punishment involves adding an aversive stimulus to decrease it.
Extinction burst: When a behavior is first put on extinction, there may be a temporary, sudden increase in the behavior's frequency before it starts to decrease. This can happen if the behavior was previously maintained by unpredictable reinforcement.
Spontaneous recovery: After a period of time, the previously extinguished behavior may reappear, though it will likely be weaker than before and will fade again if the behavior is not reinforce

1. EXTINCTION BY Aqsa Shahids

2. What is Extinction Extinction occurs when: A behavior previously reinforced Is no longer followed by the reinforced As a result, the behavior decreases and stops over time

3. Examples Child Crying for Toys in a Supermarket Scenario: A child starts crying in a grocery store because their parents won’t buy a toy. Previously, the parent would give in to stop the crying. Extinction: The parent stops buying the toy no matter how much the child cries. Result: Initially, crying may increase (extinction burst), but eventually, the child learns that crying doesn’t work . University Student Making Excuses for Late Assignments Scenario: A student at Punjab University habitually gives excuses to avoid deadlines, and professors used to grant extensions. Extinction: Professors stop accepting late work, regardless of excuses. Result: The student eventually starts submitting on time.

4. example Attention-Seeking Through Frequent Calls Scenario: A friend repeatedly calls or messages during your working hours to get attention. You always reply immediately. Extinction: You stop responding immediately and only reply later at your convenience. Result: The excessive calls/messages reduce over time .

5. Extinction Burst Extinction Burst: A temporary increase in behavior’s frequency, duration, or intensity immediately after reinforcement is withdrawn. Might include: Emotional reactions (e.g., frustration) Novel behaviors (e.g., screaming, hitting objects) Aggression​ Example: A child who is ignored for tantrums might cry louder or throw things initially.

6. Extinction Burst What Happens If Reinforcement is Given During an Extinction Burst ? The behavior becomes stronger! Example : If parents give attention after an intense tantrum, the child learns that louder tantrums work . This makes future tantrums even harder to stop.

7. Extinction Burst Example: child cried for 10-15 minutes each night, and her parents reinforced it by attending to her. When reinforcement (parental attention) was removed, Amanda initially cried longer (25 minutes) before the behavior eventually stopped.

8. Key Characteristics of an Extinction Burst 1 . Increase in Frequency, Duration, or Intensity 2 . Occurrence of Novel Behaviors (e.g., screaming, hitting objects. 3 . Emotional or Aggressive Responses (e.g., tantrums, frustration)

9. Spontaneous Recovery Behavior's Comeback After a behavior has stopped for some time, it may briefly return in similar situations. Example; Amanda's parents stopped responding to her crying at night . After a few weeks, she cried again one night . Since they ignored it, the behavior did not continue.

10. How to handle burst stay Consistent: Do not reinforce the behavior even if it temporarily increases . Use Alternative Reinforcement: Reward calm behavior instead . Expect Temporary Worsening: Behavior will decline after the burst.

11. Common Misconception About Extinction Myth : Extinction means just ignoring the behavior . Truth : Extinction requires removing the specific reinforcer maintaining the behavior.

12. Key Point If reinforcement is not given, the behavior will fade again . If reinforcement is given, the behavior will reappear more often.