Facade engineering

facade structure

1. IN HOUSE TRAINING 08 UNDERSTANDING GENERAL NOTES UNISTRUCT CONSULTING ENGINEERS (PVT) LTD 1/2/2016 1 PRASENTED BY :-KOGUL

2. DESIGN REVIEW UNISTRUCT CONSULTING ENGINEERS (PVT) LTD 2 PRASENTED BY :- Sujeevan FAÇADE ENGINEERING

3. UNISTRUCT CONSULTING ENGINEERS (PVT) LTD 3 A f a c a de or f a ç a de i s ge n er a l l y o n e s i de of th e e x t er i or of a b u i l d i n g, e sp ec iall y th e f r o n t , b u t al s o s om e ti mes th e s i des a n d re a r . T h e w o r d co mes f r o m t h e F re n c h la n g u a ge, li t er a ll y me a n i n g "f r o n ta ge" or " f a ce". W h at is f a ç ade ?

4. UNISTRUCT CONSULTING ENGINEERS (PVT) LTD 4 T y p e of F a c a d e C laddi n g A l umi n i um C o m p o si t e P an e l M e t a l C l a d d i n g Z i n c P an e l C l a d d i n g S t o n e C l a dd i n g C l a y t i l e C l a dd i n g W oo den P an e l C l a dd i n g P ol y c a r b o na t e P an e l GF R C C l a dd i n g FR P C l a d din g C u r t a i n W a ll i n g P o i n t S u pp o r t G l a z i n g S p i d er G l a z i n g B ol t e d G l a zi n g G l a z in g o n T e ns i on T rus s G l a z in g o n C a b l e T rus s A t r i um S k y l i g ht , C an op i es , D o m e S h op F r o n t / D is p l a y D oo r s & W i n d o w s G lazi n g

5. UNISTRUCT CONSULTING ENGINEERS (PVT) LTD 5 G L AZI N G G l a z i n g, wh i ch d er i v es f r o m t h e Mi dd l e E n g l i s h f or ' g l a ss ' , i s a pa r t o f a w all , m a de of g l a ss . G l a z in g al s o d e s cr i bes t h e w o r k do n e b y a p r o f e s s i o n a l "g l a z i er"

6. UNISTRUCT CONSULTING ENGINEERS (PVT) LTD 6 C u r t a i n W a l l S ky L i g h t S t ru ct u ral G l a zi n g G lazi n g S p i d er G l a z i n g o n T e ns i on R o d Sys t em S l i d i n g D oo r Alu m i n i um door

7. UNISTRUCT CONSULTING ENGINEERS (PVT) LTD 7 W ha t i s a c u r tai n w all ? Cu r t a i n W a ll i s a f o rm o f a v e r t i c a l b u i ld i ng e ncl o sure w h i ch supp o r ts no l oa d o th e r th a n i ts o w n w e i g ht a nd the e n v i r o n m e nt a l f o r c e s w h i ch a ct up o n i t. T y p e s o f Cu r t a i n W a ll q C o n v e nt i o n a l St i ck S y s t em (C a pp e d S y s t e m ) q Structur a l s i l i c o ne g l az i ng ( SSG) S e m i u n i t i ze d s y s t em U nit i ze d S y s t em Con v en t iona l St i ck S y st e m In th i s s y s t em t he v e r t i c a l m ul lio ns a nd h o r i zo nt a l tr a ns o m s a re i nst al l e d o n MS/ S S / A lu m i nium b r a c k e ts wh i ch a re a nc h o r e d t o the c o lu m ns / s l a b s. Cut t o s i z e g l a ss i s f i x e d o n the g r i d w o r k w i th pr e ssu r e pl a t e s . (T he g l a ss i s h e ld M e c h a nic a ll y ) C o v e r c a p i s sn a p f i t o n the p r e ssu r e pl a t e s f o r ae sth e t i c l oo k . In the a b o v e s y s t em 90% o f the w o r k c a n b e d o ne a t s i t e .

8. UNISTRUCT CONSULTING ENGINEERS (PVT) LTD 8 S e m i uni t i z ed sys t em a nc h o r e d t o t h e c o lu m ns / sl a b s. Cut t o s i z e g l a ss i s s tructur a l ly g l a z e d t o the A lu m i n ium sub fr a me b y structur a l s e a l a nt. T h e sub fr a me w i th the g l a ss i s i nst a ll e d o n the Gr i d w o r k . In the ab o v e s y s t em 50% o f the w o r k i s d o ne a t s i t e . U ni t i z ed sys t em In th i s s y s t em MS/ SS /A lu m i nium b r a c k e ts a re a nchor e d t o the c o lu m ns / sl a b s a f t e r d e t a i l e d s i t e su r v e y . T he c o m pl e t e u n i t sp a n n i ng f l oo r h e i g ht fu l ly f a b r i c a t e d a t the f a c t o r y i s i nst a ll e d o n the b r a c k e ts. In the a b o v e s y s t em 1 0% o f the w o r k i s d o ne a t s i t e . I n th i s s y s t e m the v e r t i c a l m u ll i o ns a nd h o r i zo nt a l tr a n s om s a re i n s t a ll e d o n MS / SS / A lu m i ni u m b r a c k e ts w h i ch a r e

9. UNISTRUCT CONSULTING ENGINEERS (PVT) LTD 9 IS OMETRIC V IE W OF U N ITIZED G LA Z I N G S Y S TEM

10. UNISTRUCT CONSULTING ENGINEERS (PVT) LTD 10 T he sp a c e b e t w e e n the g l a ss sh e e ts a r e f i l l e d w i th w h e th e r s ea l . T he supp o r t e l e m e nts th a t h o ld the f i t t i ng c a n b e sp a ce fr a m e , g l a ss f i n o r t e ns i o n c a b l e s. T he i nh e r e nt c h a r a c t e r i s t i cs o f e a ch t y pe o f g l a ss p r o duct d e f i ne the t y pe o f a r t i cu l a t e d f i tt i ng w h i ch i t w i ll r e q u i r e . Spi der G lazi n g - Sp i d e r S y s t em i s a s y s t em f o r p o i nt-supp o r t e d v e r t ic a l g l az i ng i n w h i ch th e r m a lly t o u g h e n e d ( T e m p e r e d ) g l a ss sh e e ts a r e us e d, i n s i n gl e g l az i ng o r i n i nsul a t e d g l a ss. L a m i n a t e d s a f e ty g l a ss ( t e m p e r e d l a m i n a t e d g l a ss ) i s pr e f e r ab le t o b e us e d i n s i n g le g l az i ng o r a s the o u t e r sh e e t o f the i ns u l a t i ng g l a s s u n i ts.

11. UNISTRUCT CONSULTING ENGINEERS (PVT) LTD 11 T h i s s y s t em c o ns i s t s a cc e ss o r i e s w i th m e t a l a r e a ch a r m , a sh e e t o f g l c o r n e r s w i th a s p e c i a l s b e t w e e n t h e se sh e e ts i s o l a t o r s t o o v e r c o me m a nd w ea th e r c o nd i t i o ns. T he r e c t a n g ul a r g l a ss sh c o u n t e r su n k dri l l e d h c o u n t e r su n k st ai nl e ss s t e p o i nt- f i x i n g s. o f a n u m b e r o f m s. A t the e nd o f a ss i s f i x e d b y the cr e w . T he v a cuum i s f il l e d up w i th e c h a nic a l pr e ssure e e ts h a v e 4 o r 6 o l e s i n t o w h i ch e l b o lts a ct i ng a s

12. UNISTRUCT CONSULTING ENGINEERS (PVT) LTD 12 P oint Fixing Bo lt s : v T h e se a r e a lso kn o w n a s R o u t e ls, A r t i cu l a t e d Bo lt s , S w i v e l b o lts e tc. v P o i nt F i x i ng Bo lts a re o f t w o t y p e s: F i x e d a nd S w i v e l . v T h e se c a n b e us e d f o r f i x i ng s i n g le g l az i ng a nd / o r d o u b le g l az i ng o f v a r i o us th i c k n e ss e s. S pi der : v D i f f e r e nt sh a p e s, d i m e ns i o ns f o r a w i de v a r i e ty o f sp e c i f i c a t i o ns a re a v a i l a b l e . v C e n t e r t o c e n t e r d i m e ns i o ns v a r y a cc o r d i ng t o t h e w i nd l oa d a nd str e ss r e q u i r e m e nts. v D i f f e r e nt t y p e s o f f i x i ng a r r a n g e m e nts l i k e f i n t y p e , structure f i x i ng t y p e s a re a lso p o ss i b l e . T e n s i on R od / C a b l e S y s t em : v T h i s i s us e d a l o ng w i th t e ns i o n r o ds a nd t e ns io n c a b l e s a nd i s the m a i n e le m e nt f o r the t e ns i o n r o d o r t e ns i o n c a b le structure. v T e ns i o n c a b l e s structures a re a lso k n o w n a s W i re R o pe structures. v T e ns i o n R o d a nd t e ns i o n c a b le structures a re us e d f o r g i v i ng a v e r y l i g ht w e i g ht l oo k t o the g l a ss F a ç a d e .

13. UNISTRUCT CONSULTING ENGINEERS (PVT) LTD 13 F e atu res of th e s pi der s y s t em Mo d e rn a r ch i t e cture Mo st p o ss i b le tr a nsp a r e ncy La r g e a nd fu l ly s m o o th g l aze d a r e a Doo r s a nd w i nd o w s c a n b e i ns e r t e d i n a sp i d e r g l a ss f a ç a de E x c e ll e nt a d a pt a t i o n t o l o c a l r e q u i r e m e nts. F ull d a y l i g ht o n a ll s i d e s. Do u b le a nd s i n g le g l az i n g . Goo d th e r m a l i nsul a t i o n w i th 1 6 m m a ir sp a ce i n d o u b le g l az i n g . A s o lut i o n t o m o re a nd m o re structur a l n ee ds. A ppli c ati o n s of S pi der S y s t em H u g e b u i ld i ng a nd sh o p f a c a d e s Lo bb i e s, p a ss ag e w a y s a nd g l a ssh o us e s Sk y l i g hts a nd d o m e s W a lls, i n t e r i o r p a r t i t i o ns a nd i n t e rn a l st a i r c a s e s St a nds a nd furn i ture In t e r i o r d e s i g ns

14. UNISTRUCT CONSULTING ENGINEERS (PVT) LTD 14 T h e f a c t o r s tha t pl a y a n i m p o r ta n t r o l e i n g l a s s f a ç a de de si gn q H e i g ht of t he b u i l d i n g q D i s tan ce b e t w e en s la b s q L oc at i on of t he b u i l d i n g q S p a n of e a ch p a n el F a c t o r s a f f ec ti n g th e p r i ce of th e g l a z i n g q Cu r ta i n w al l sys t em q Gla s s q L oc at i on & H e i g ht of t he b u i l d i n g q F i n is h on t he alu m i n i um p r o f i le s q A cces s o r i es I m p o r ta n t f a c t o r s f or g l a z i n g q Sys t em De si g n – p r es s u r e e q ual i z ed sys t em q B a rr i e r a g a i n s t w a t er & a i r lea k a g es – 3 b a rr i er – M i n i mum q T he r mall y e f f i c i e n t sys t em f or b e t t e r p e r f o rman ce of t he b u i l d i n g, a s n o he a t w i l l b e t r an s m i t t e d i n si de b y t he alu m i num

15. UNISTRUCT CONSULTING ENGINEERS (PVT) LTD 15 CLA D D I N G C la dd i n g i s th e c o v er i n g of o n e m a t er ia l wi t h a n o th er

16. UNISTRUCT CONSULTING ENGINEERS (PVT) LTD 16 C L A Y T I L E Z INC P A N E L M E T A L S T ON E GF R C A CP

17. UNISTRUCT CONSULTING ENGINEERS (PVT) LTD 17 Glass Gla s s i s a n a m o r pho u s ( n o n - c r ys tall i n e) s ol i d m a t e r i al . Gla ss es a r e t y p ic al ly b r i ttl e an d op t i c all y t r an s p ar e nt .

18. UNISTRUCT CONSULTING ENGINEERS (PVT) LTD 18 O r d i na r y g la s s – c alle d Ann e ale d or Fl o a t g la s s S a f e t y Gla s s – Th i s c a n b e e i t her T o u g he n ed, L a m i na t e d, S a f e t y W i r ed Gla s s or Ann e al ed g la s s w i t h s a f e t y f i lm a p p l i e d t o i t . S a f e t y g la z i n g i s man d a t o r y f or n e w i n s tallat i o n s w i t h i n 800mm of t he f l oor i n w i n d o w s an d p a r t i t i o n s , an d w i t h i n 1 500mm of t he f l oor i n doo r s an d si de p a nel s . Gla z i n g i s m a r k e d i n t he co rn er w i t h B S 6206. S ec u r i t y Gla s s- L a m i na t ed g la s s or Ann e al ed g la s s w i t h f i lm a p p l i e d t o i t . W h e n s e c u r i t y g la s s i s i n s talle d y ou mu s t en s u r e t h e r e i s a n eme r g e n cy esc a pe r o u t e i n c a s e of f i r e. L o w E m i ssi v i t y g la s s or L o w E g la ss - T he g la s s mu s t b e u s ed i n a dou b l e g la z ed w i n d o w s o t h a t t he s p e c i a l r ef l ec t i v e co at i n g, wh i ch i s al w a y s p l a ced i n si de t he c a v i t y , i s p r o t e c t e d f r om a n y d ama g e De co rat i v e g la s s - Th i s c a n b e Op a q ue , p a t t e r n ed, S ta i n ed, S an d b la s t ed or Et ched

19. UNISTRUCT CONSULTING ENGINEERS (PVT) LTD 19 C l e a r G la s s T i n t ed G l a s s (B lu e,Gree n ,B r o n ze) Co l o u r G la s s F r o s t ed G l a s s Cer a m i c F r it t ed A nn e al ed G l a s s T o u g h e n ed G l a s s H e a t S t re n g th en G l a s s L a m i n a t ed G l a s s Fi r e Ra t ed G l a s s I n s ula t ed G l a s s U n i t wi t h A i r G a p I n s ula t ed G l a s s U n i t wi t h G a s Fi l l ed L a m i n a t ed I n s ula t ed G l a s s U n i t L O W -E G l a s s A pp e a r an ce S t r e n g t h / S a f e t y P e r f o r m a n ce S a f e t y / S o un d / H e a t T y p e of A r c h i t e c tural Gl a ss

20. UNISTRUCT CONSULTING ENGINEERS (PVT) LTD 20 H E A T T RE A T ED G L A S S T o u g he n ed Gla s s H ea t S t r e n g t h e n Gla s s H e a t T r e a t e d G l a s s i s p r oduced b y he at i n g t he g la s s t o a p l a s t i c s ta t e a t a r o un d 6 5 º C , an d t hen b y c o m p u t er co nt r ol , t he g la s s i s m o v ed i n t o t he q u e n ch a r ea w h e r e i t i s r a p idl y cool e d b y a s e r i es of h i gh p r e ss u r e a i r n o z z le s . Th i s r a p id cool i n g or q uen ch i n g i n d u ces h i gh co m p r e ssi on s t r ess i n t he g la s s s u r f a ce, whi l e t he ce n t e r r e m a i n s i n t e n si o n . Alt ho u gh t he p h ysi c a l ch a r a c t e r i s t i cs r e m a i n un ch an g ed, t he a dd i t i o n a l s t r e ss e s c rea t ed wi t h i n t he g la s s i n c rea s e s i t s t he r ma l an d me ch an i c a l s t r e n g t h . H e a t S t r e n g t h e ne d g la s s i s t w i ce a s s t r o n g a s t he ann e a l e d gl a s s wh i l e T e m p e r e d g la s s i s u p t o f i v e t i me s s t r o n g er t h a n o r d i na r y ann e al ed g la s s of t he s ame t h i ck n es s . T e m p e r e d g la s s i s mu ch h a r d er t o b r e a k tha n anneal ed f l o a t or la m i na t e d g la ss . I f b r o k e n i t w i l l n o t p r o v i de s e c u r i t y , h o w e v er t he n o is e d u e t o b r ea k a g e i s o f t en a d e t e rr e nt .

21. UNISTRUCT CONSULTING ENGINEERS (PVT) LTD 21 R e f l e ct i v e g l a ss e s a re the m o st w i d e ly us e d g l a ss f o r structur a l g l az i ng a nd cu r t a i n w a ll i ng f o r r ea s o ns such a s b e t t e r l i g ht tr a ns m i ss i o n, r e duc e d h ea t tr a ns f e r e tc. T y p e s o f r efl ec t i v e g l as s H a r d c oa t e d g l a ss o r p y r o l y t i c c oa t e d g l a ss S o f t c oa t e d g l a ss o r v a cuum sput t e r e d c oa t e d g l a ss H a r d co a t e d g l a s s B e t t e r ph o t o m e tr i c p r o p e r t i e s th a n the t i n t e d g l a ss a nd a re l o w -p e r f o r m a nce g l a ss. I m p o r t e d i n sh e e t s i ze s a nd v a r i o us p r o c e ss e s l i k e t e m p e r i ng / DGU c a n b e d o ne l o c a ll y . T h i s i s ch ea p e r g l a ss a s the p r o c e ss e s c a n b e d o ne l o c a lly s a v i ng cus t o m s duty T h i s g l a ss c a n b e us e d a s s i n g le g l a ss i n v i s i o n a s w e ll a s sp a ndr e l g l a ss.

22. UNISTRUCT CONSULTING ENGINEERS (PVT) LTD 22 S of t c o a t e d gla s s M e dium p e r fo r m ance glass Sup e ri o r glass than the hard c o at e d glass in t e r m s o f ph o t o m e tric pr o p e rti e s. H e at str e ngth e ni n g will ha v e to be d o ne at the s o urce o f sup p ly (abr o ad) and D GU can be m ade l o call y . T his glass can be us e d as si n gle glass in v isi o n as w e l l as spa n dr el glass. No t e : th e se glass e s are c o stl ie r than the hard c o at e d glass, but the init ial in v e st m e nts can be r e c ov e r e d by l ow e r A C l o ads & l ow e r o p e rati n g c o sts. High P e r fo r m a n ce gla s s M o st sup e ri o r t y pe o f glass in t e r m s o f ph o t o m e tric pr o p e rti e s. C an n e v e r be us e d as single glass and the w h o le unit with D GU has to be i m p o rt e d f r om abr o ad. No t e : th e se glass e s are c o stl ie r than the hard c o at e d glass, but the init ial in v e st m e nts can be r e c ov e r e d by l ow e r A C l o ads & l ow e r o p e rati n g c o sts.

23. UNISTRUCT CONSULTING ENGINEERS (PVT) LTD 23 P r e T e m p ered C o at in g P o s t T e m p ered C o a t in gs T e m p e r e d Fi r st a nd th e n C oa t e d C oa t e d f i r st a nd th e n T e m p e r e d S i nce the b a se g l a ss i s t e m p e r e d f i r s t ( w h i ch c a n b e e i th e r Ti n t e d o r Cl e a r ), t h e D i s t o r t i o n o n the f i n a l p r o duct i s m uch l e ss a s c o m p a r e d t o the P o st t e m p e r e d P r o duct D i s t o r t i o n i s mo re a s the C oa t e d g l a ss i s t e m p e r e d A ll the pr e p r oc e ss i ng (Cutt i n g , Gr i nd i n g , T e m p e r i n g ) i s d o ne b e f o re Co a t i n g . H e n c e C o a t i ng i s n o t e x p o s e d t o th e se p r o c e ss e s a nd ch a nc e s o f d amag e t o the c oa t i ng i s l e ss A ll the pr e p r o c e s s i ng i s d o ne a f t e r the c o a t i n g . H e n ce co a t i ng i s e x p o s e d t o th e s e p r o c e ss e s w h i ch m i g ht r e sult i n d a ma g e o f c oa t i ng i f n o t h a ndl e d p r o p e r l y . I t i s ma n u f a ctured a f t e r the r e c ie pt o f s i ze s, h e n c e i m m e d i a t e ly a f t e r the c oa t i ng the g l a ss i s p r o c e ss e d f o r ma k i ng DGU T h e se a r e ma k e i n s t o ck s i ze s a n d a r e p a c k e d i n Cr a t e s b e f o re m a k i ng the D G U . T h e se h a v e t o b e p r o p e r l y p a c k e d a nd h a s a sh e lf l i f e .

24. UNISTRUCT CONSULTING ENGINEERS (PVT) LTD 24 CVD - C VD, or C h e m i c a l V a p or D e p o siti o n , i s o n e of t w o m ai n t ec h n o l ogies u s ed t o m a n u f a c t u re L o w E m i ss i v i t y g la s s . In t h e CVD p r o c e s s , v ap or d i rec t ed t o t h e h o t g l a s s s u r f a ce re a c t s t o f o r m a c e r a m i c co ati n g . T h e re s ulti n g L o w E p r od u ct i s o f t en re f erred t o a s " ha r d co at ". A l s o k n o wn a s p y r o lyti c co ati n g . E m i ss i v i t y - E m i ss i v it y re f e r s t o t h e a b i l it y of a s u r f a c e t o a b s o r b o r re fl ect h e at . A n e n e r gy e f f i c i e n t g l a z i n g t ec h n o l og y , L o w E m i ss i v i t y g l a s s i s a p o o r a b s or b er of h e at ! Ha r d Co a t - A l s o k n o wn a s " p y r o lyti c", ha r d co a t re f e r s t o L o w E g l a s s m a n u f a c tu red v i a th e C VD p r o c e s s . Bec au s e t h e co ati n g i s c o v al e n tl y bo n d e d t o th e g l a ss , ha r d co a t L o w E i s e x t reme l y d u r a b l e.

25. UNISTRUCT CONSULTING ENGINEERS (PVT) LTD 25 M SV D - MS V D , or M a g n e t ron S p u t te r i n g V a c u u m D e posi t ion ( a l so kn o w n as " s p u t ter i n g" ) , is o n e o f t w o m ain t ec h n o l og i es u sed to m a n u f ac t u r e L ow E missivity glass. I n M S V D , a m etal or c e r a mic t a r g e t b om b ar d ed w i th io n s re l e a ses a to m s to f o r m a t h i n c o at i n g on a s h eet of g l ass. T h e r e s u l ti n g L ow E pro d u c t is often ca ll ed " soft coat" or " sp u t t ered " . S o ft C o a t - A l so kn ow a s " sp u t te r ed " , soft c o a t r ef e rs t o L ow E glass ma nu fac t u r ed via t h e MS VD process. L e s s d u r a b l e t h a n i t s h a r d c oat c o u nt er p art, s o f t c o at L ow E req u ir e s special storage a n d h a n d l i n g to preve n t damage to t h e coati n g.

26. UNISTRUCT CONSULTING ENGINEERS (PVT) LTD 26 S o lar Heat G ain C o efficient ( SHGC ) T h e S o l a r H eat G ain C o e f fic i e n t ( or SH GC) refe r s to a w i n d o w ' s abi l ity t o tra n smit so l ar radiatio n . T h e SH GC ra n ges f r o m - 1 . A v a l u e of i n d i c a tes t h at t h e w i n dow f u n ct i o n s l i k e a w a ll , ess e n tia ll y p r e v e n ti n g a n y so l ar e n e r gy f r o m e n t er i n g t h e b u i l di n g. A va l u e of 1 i n di c a t es t h at t h e w i n dow f u n ct i o n s l i k e an ope n i n g, a ll o w i n g a l l so l ar e n ergy i n . I n co l d c l i m a t es, a h i g h SH GC c a n l o w e r h eat i n g c o s t s by u si n g p a s si v e so l a r h eati n g. I n w arm c l im at e s, a l ow SH GC is des i r ed to k e e p u nw a n ted h e a t o u t a n d red u ce coo l i n g costs.

27. UNISTRUCT CONSULTING ENGINEERS (PVT) LTD 27 Shadi n g C oe f ficie nt S ha d i n g coe f f i c i e n t i s th e r a ti o of s o la r h e a t g ai n th r o u g h a s p ec i f i c t y p e of g l a s s tha t i s re lati v e t o t h e s o la r h e a t g ai n th r o u gh a 1/8" ( 3 m m) pl y of c l e a r g l a s s u n der i d e n ti c a l co n d iti o n s ( s ee Fig u re 8). A s th e s h a d i n g coe f f i c i e n t n u m b er decrea s e s , h e a t g ai n i s red u ced, wh i ch me a n s a b e t t er p e r f ormi n g p r od u c t .

28. UNISTRUCT CONSULTING ENGINEERS (PVT) LTD 28 S o lar Sel e ctive L o w E S pecifica ll y designed to e nh a n ce comfort in w arm c l imates, so l ar se l ective L ow E is a L ow E glass w ith a l ow so l ar h eat g a in coeffi c ie n t. U - V al u e A l so kn o w n as t h e K- va lu e, t h e U- va lu e is a meas u re of a w i n do w 's abi l ity to tra n sfer h eat (u s u a ll y g i ven in W / m 2 K or B t u / h r ft2 oF ) . W i n do w s w ith a l ow U- va lu e, l i k e L ow E missivity w i n do w s, are efficie n t i n s ul ators ag a i n st h eat l oss.

29. UNISTRUCT CONSULTING ENGINEERS (PVT) LTD 29 C O ND U CTI O N R A DI A TI O N C O NV E CTI O N A IR L EA K A GE

30. UNISTRUCT CONSULTING ENGINEERS (PVT) LTD 30 V i s i b l e L i g h t T r a n s m itta n ce T h e p e r ce n ta ge of v is i b l e l i g h t (380 - 780 n m) tha t i s t r a n s m it t ed th r o u gh th e g l a ss . So la r T r a n s m itta n ce T h e p e r ce n t a ge of ult r a v i o l e t , v is i b l e a n d n e a r i n f ra red e n ergy (300 - 3000 n m) tha t i s t r a n s m it t ed th r o u gh th e g l a ss . V i s i b l e L i g h t R ef l ec ta n ce T h e p e r ce n ta ge of li g h t tha t i s re fl ec t ed f r om th e g l a s s s u r f a ce( s) . So la r R ef l ec ta n ce T h e p e r ce n ta ge of s o la r e n ergy tha t i s re fl ec t ed f r om th e g l a s s s u r f a ce( s) . NF R C U - V alu e A me a s u re of h e a t g ai n or h e a t l o s s th r o u gh g l a s s d u e t o t h e d i f f ere n ces b e t w e e n i n do o r a n d o ut do o r t e m p er atu re s . T h e s e a re ce n t er pa n e v alu es b a s ed o n N F R C s ta n d a r d win t er n i g htti me a n d s u mmer d a yti me co n d iti o n s . U - v a l u es a re g i v en i n BTU/ ( h r * f t 2*°F) f or t h e E n g l i s h s y s t em. M e t r i c U - v a l u es a re g i v en i n W / ( m2*°K). T o c o nv e r t f r o m E n g l i s h t o m e t r i c, m ultipl y th e E n g l i s h U - v alu e b y 5.6783 .

31. UNISTRUCT CONSULTING ENGINEERS (PVT) LTD 31 R e lati v e H e a t G ai n ( RH G) T h e a mo u n t of h e a t g ai n ed th r o u gh g l a s s ta k i n g i n t o co n s i der ati on U - v alu e a n d s ha d i n g coe f f i c i e n t . U s i n g th e NF R C s ta n d a r d, re lati v e h e a t g ai n i s c al c ula t ed a s f o ll o w s : So la r H e a t G ai n Coe f f i c i e n t (S H GC) T h e p o r ti on of d i rec tl y t r a n s m it t ed a n d a b s or b ed s o la r e n ergy tha t e n t e r s i n t o th e b uil d i n g ' s i n t er i o r . T h e hi g h er th e S H GC, th e hi g h er th e h e a t g ai n . L i g h t t o So la r G ai n Rati o (LS G ) T h e r ati o i s e q ua l t o th e V i s i b l e L i g h t T r a n s m itta n ce d i v i ded b y th e So la r H e a t G ai n Coe f f i c i e n t . T h e De pa r t me n t of E n erg y' s F eder a l T ec h n o l ogy A l e r t pu b li c ati on of th e F eder a l E n ergy Ma n a geme n t P r ogr a m (F E MP ) v i e ws a n LSG of 1 .25 or gre a t er t o be Green G l a z i n g/S p ec t r all y Se l ec ti v e G l a z i n g.

32. UNISTRUCT CONSULTING ENGINEERS (PVT) LTD 32 Mono l i th i c G l az i ng - 6 m m c l ea r Fl oa t Gl a ss L a m i n a t e d G l a ss w i th nor m al PV B - 6.38 m m PV B La m i n a t e 3 mm / 0.38 mm / 3 m m L a m i n a t e d G l a ss w i th A cou s t i c PV B - 6.38 m m A c o ust i c PV B La m i n a t e 3 mm / 0.38 m m pv b/ 3 m m N or m al D ou b l e G l az i ng - 4 m m Fl oa t – 12 m m a i r ga p – 4 m m Fl oa t 4 – 12 – 4 m m A s y m m e tr i c al D ou b l e G l az i ng - 6 m m Fl oa t – 12 m m a i r ga p – 4 m m Fl oa t 6 – 12 – 4 m m D ou b l e g l az i ng w i t h on e p a n e l a m i n a t e d - 6 m m Fl oa t – 12 m m a i r ga p – 8.38 m m Fl oa t 6 – 12 – 8.38 m m D ou b l e g l az i ng w i t h on e p a n e a cou s t i c PV B l a m i n a t e d -6 m m Fl oa t – 12 m m a i r ga p – 8.38 m m Fl oa t 6 – 12 – 8.38 m m D ou b l e g l az i ng w i t h t w o p a n e a cou st i c PV B l a m i n a t e d - 8.38 mm Fl oa t – 2 m m a i r gap – 1 0.38 m m Fl oa t 8.38 – 12 – 1 0.38 m m G LASS T YP E CO NFI G UR A TION

33. UNISTRUCT CONSULTING ENGINEERS (PVT) LTD 33 DESIGNING & DRAWING MATERIAL SELECTION AND APROVAL GLASS PERFORMANCE TEST MATERIAL PROCUREMENT FABRICATION OF ALUMINIUM FRAME GLAZING &CURING PACKING & DISPATCH OFF SI T E / F A C T O R Y WO R KI N G ON SI T E WO R KI N G SITE SURVEY FIXING OF CAST IN CHANNEL BRACKET FIXING & ALIGNMENT FIXING OF SUBFRAME INSTALLATION OF PANEL SMOKE SEAL FLASHING CLEANING & HANDING OVER

34. UNISTRUCT CONSULTING ENGINEERS (PVT) LTD 34 LI S T O F M A T E R I A L CAST IN CHANNEL ALUMINIUM BRACKET ALUMINIUM EXTRUDED PROFILE SILICON SPACER TAPE ANCHOR FASTNERS NUT BOLTS ROCKWOOL GI/ALUMINIUM FLASHINGS EPDM GASKET

35. UNISTRUCT CONSULTING ENGINEERS (PVT) LTD 35 VIS U AL MO C K U P A T SI T E

36. UNISTRUCT CONSULTING ENGINEERS (PVT) LTD 36 W ha t i s g l a s s F a ç a de t e sti n g? Gla s s f a ç a de t es t i n g i s a p r oce s s w h e r e in t he f a ç a de i s t es t ed f or i t s de si g ne d p e r f o rman ce f or S t r u ct u r a l s ta b i l i t y & l e a k a g e ’ s a g a i n s t a i r & w a t e r i n f i lt r at i o n . W h y T e sti n g? T o i de nt i fy & r ec t i f y : I m p r op e r de si g n I m p r op e r f a b r i c at i on I m p r op e r i n s tallat i on Advantages of t e sti n g A ss u r an ces of p e r f o rman ce of t he g la s s f a ç a de a s p e r d e si g n r e q u i r e m en t P ea ce of m i n d on t he f un ctio nal i t y of t he sys t em S a v i n g i n t i me & mon e y a s f e w r e cti f i c at i on on si t e a f t er i n s tallat i on L ea k p r oof b u i l d i n g I m p o r ta n ce of t e sti n g T h e s e t e s t s a r e a mu s t & s ho ul d b e p e r f o rme d on e v e r y p r oject a s n o t w o p r ojec t s a r e si m i la r & t h i s h el ps t he P r oject M ana g e r t o a ct p r o a cti v e l y , t h u s s a v e V alua b l e ma t e r i a l i n t he f o rm of mod i f i c at i o n , V alua b l e t i me & V alua b l e M o n e y .

37. UNISTRUCT CONSULTING ENGINEERS (PVT) LTD 37 L a bor a t o r y T e sti n g A i r I n f i lt r at i on T e s t - W a t e r P e n e t r at i on T est ( S tat i c ) - W a t e r P e n e t r at i on T est (D y na m i c) - S t r u ct u r a l T est ( W i n d l o a d s e r v i ce a b i l i t y ) - A S TM E 283 A S TM E 3 3 1 AA M A 5 1 . 1 A S TM E 330 S e is m ic Ra ck i n g T est ( Fl oor Di s p l a ce m e n t ) – S t r u ct u r a l P r oof L o a d T est ( 1 50% ) - S e is m ic P r oof T est ( 1 50 - 2 0%) - AA M A 5 1 . 4 A S TM E 330 A S TM 5 1 . 4

38. UNISTRUCT CONSULTING ENGINEERS (PVT) LTD 38 D o u b l e g l ass u ni t

39. UNISTRUCT CONSULTING ENGINEERS (PVT) LTD 39 S T EP - 1 F ir st a nd f o r e m o s t the r i g ht g l a ss c o m b i n a t i o n i s s e l e c t e d a cco r d i ng the c li e nts r e q u i r e m e nt . S T EP -2 A ll sp a c e r b a r s a r e cut t o s i z e, a nd a re th e n f i ll e d w i th a d e s i cc a nt f o r m o i sture a b s o r pt i on . S T E P -3 T h e n, P .I. B (p o ly i s o b ut y l) i s a ppl i e d t o the sp a c e r b a r a s the pr i m a r y s ea l S T E P -4 Gl a ss i s th e n put th r o u g h the w a sh e r a nd a rr i v e s o n t o the q u a l i ty c o nt r o l ch e ck p o i nt. S T E P -5 Qu a l i ty c o nt r o l m ust th e n i nsp e ct t o e nsure the g l a ss i s c l ea n a nd f l a w l e ss S T E P -6 the pr e -pr e p a r e d sp a c e r b a r i s th e n a ppl i e d. T he g l a ss w i th the sp a c e r b a r a tt a ch e d i s th e n s e nt t o the h o ld i ng p o i nt IN SUL A T I N G GL A S S U NI T P R O CE S S

40. UNISTRUCT CONSULTING ENGINEERS (PVT) LTD 40 S T EP -7 T he s e c o nd p i e c e o f g l a ss i s th e n a lso put th r o u g h the w a sh e r a nd i nsp e c t e d a ll the s a m e, a nd t h e n l e t th r o u g h t o t h e h o ld i ng p o i nt, i n w h i ch c a s e t h e m a ch i ne a u t o m a t i c a lly a l i g ns the t w o sh e e ts o f g l a ss . S T E P - 8 T he t w o sh e e ts a re t h e n pr e ss e d i n the l a r g e g la ss pr e ss, a nd t h e a u t o m a t i c a lly r e le a s e d o ut t h e o t h e r e nd. T h e n the I nsul a t e d Gl a ss Unit i s tr a nsp o r t e d us i ng the g l a ss l i f t a nd i s th e n r ea dy f o r the a p pl i c a t i o n o f the s e c o nd a r y s ea l S T E P -9 T he s e c o n d a r y s e a l i s a ppl i e d a ll a r o u n d the u n i t, i n e i th e r b ut y l o r s i l i c o n d e p e nd i ng o n the s i z e a nd w h a t the pu r p o se o f the u n i t i s. S T EP - 1 Once the s e c o nd a r y s e a l p r o c e ss i s c o m pl e t e, t h e u n i t i s l e f t t o d r y , w h i ch b r i n g s us t o the e nd o f t h e m a n u f a ctur i ng p r o c e ss.

41. UNISTRUCT CONSULTING ENGINEERS (PVT) LTD 41 W ha t a re th e be n e f it s of h a v i n g Do u b l e G l a zed U n it s ? H e a t l o s s t h r o u gh si n g l e g la z i n g w i l l b e a t lea s t h al v ed w i t h dou b l e g la z e d un i t s R ooms w i l l b e C O L DE R/ W AR M ER w i t h dou b l e g la z e d un i t s Out si de N O I CE c a n b e r e d u ced w i t h dou b l e g la z e d un i t s Co n d en s at i on c a n b e r e d u ced w i t h dou b l e g la z e d un i t s I n c rea s e s t he s alea b i l i t y of t he p r op e r t y w i t h do u b l e g la z ed un i t s S a v i n g s on f u el b i ll s w i t h do u b l e g la z ed un i t s .

42. UNISTRUCT CONSULTING ENGINEERS (PVT) LTD 42

43. UNISTRUCT CONSULTING ENGINEERS (PVT) LTD 43 De s ig n ba se r epo rt W in d p r e ss u re T o t a l a r e a Co st pe r Sft E x tra It e m B u dge t Pr oje ct io n V i s ual s Challenge s BMU O penabl e P a ne l G i r de r B e a m M ain t enan ce

44. UNISTRUCT CONSULTING ENGINEERS (PVT) LTD 44 S h a tt e r in g P a tt e rn o f T oughene d G la ss

45. UNISTRUCT CONSULTING ENGINEERS (PVT) LTD 45 G L ASS FOR C W1 S T A C KED IN G L ASS W A L L F A C T O R Y Q T Y – 3000 . SQM

46. UNISTRUCT CONSULTING ENGINEERS (PVT) LTD 46 THANK YOU