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1. Facial neuropathology Dr. Maia Jikia

2. Glossary of Pain Terms Allodynia Analgesia Deafferetation pain Dysestehesia Hyperalgesia Hypersthesia Hypoalgesia Hypoesthesia Neuralgia Neuropathy Paresthesia

3. Trigeminal Nerve

4. Trigeminal Neuralgia With sharp, electric shock like pain in the face or mouth Intense, lasting for brief periods of seconds to 1 minute, followed by a refractory period during which the pain cannot be reinitiated. At times, a background aching or burning pain is present. Usually, a trigger zone is present where mechanical stimuli such as soft touch may provoke an attack. Firm pressure to the region is generally not as provocative In trigger zones—small areas near the nose or mouth in patients with trigeminal neuralgia—minimal stimulation initiates a painful attack. Patients with trigeminal neuralgia can pinpoint these areas and will assiduously avoid any stimulation of them.

5. Trigeminal Neuralgia: Clinical Characteristics Severe paroxysmal pain Unilateral location (96%); right > left Mild superficial stimulation provokes pain V2 and V3 dermatomes most affected Frequently pain free between attacks No neurologic deficits No dentoalveolar cause found Local anesthesia of trigger zone temporarily arrests pain

6. Pretrigeminal Neuralgia (Pre- tn ) Pretrigeminal Neuralgia: Clinical Characteristics Aching or burning pain Continuous or intermittent Unilateral location Local anesthesia of painful region temporarily arrests pain Neurologic examination normal No dentoalveolar cause found Frequently responsive to anticonvulsant therapy

7. Odontalgia resulting from deafferentation (atypical odontalgia ) Pain resulting from deafferentation refers to pain that occurs when damage to the afferent pain transmission system has occurred. characteristics Aching or burning pain Continuous or intermittent Unilateral location Local anesthesia of painful region temporarily arrests pain Neurologic examination normal No dentoalveolar cause found Frequently responsive to anticonvulsant therapy

8. Odontalgia Resulting from Deafferentation Burning or aching pain is continuous or almost continuous. Sharp paroxysms may occur. Allodynia, hyperesthesia, or hypoesthesia may be present. No dentoalveolar cause is found. History of surgical or other trauma exists. History of symptoms greater than 4 to 6 months exists. Local anesthetic block is equivocal. chief complaint, includingquality of pain, duration, alleviating factors, and aggravating factors. The history of the complaint and how the symptoms have changed over time can also be valuable.

9. Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), a potential sequela of shingles, also known as herpes zoster (HZ) clinical manifestation of the reactivation of a lifelong latent infection with varicella zoster virus, usually contracted after an episode of chicken pox in early life. Ramsay Hunt syndrome

10. Neuroma A benign tumor of nerve tissue commonly found on the tongue, lips, or in the gastrointestinal tract. Schwann cells (SCs) are a type of glial cell that surrounds neurons, keeping them alive and sometimes covering them with a myelin sheath, and are the major glial cell type in the peripheral nervous system. They play essential roles in the development, maintenance, function, and regeneration of peripheral nerves.

11. Microneurosurgicaltreatment Of Neuromas

12. Burning Mouth Syndrome

13. When migraine is a cause of jaw or face pain, the key to the diagnosis is recognizing that nausea, sonophobia , and photophobia are not accompaniments of masticatory musculoskeletal disorders or jaw and tooth pain of dental origin.