FACTS AND FIGURES OF FRUIT CROPS - AN OVERVIEW.pdf

FACTS AND FIGURES OF FRUIT CROPS
COMMON NAME, SCIENTIFIC NAME, FAMILY, CHROMOSOME NUMBER, ORIGIN, INFLORESCENCE, FRUIT TYPE, FLOWERING
AND FRUITING PERIOD OF FRUIT CROPS

1. FACTS AND FIGURES OF FRUIT CROPS
COMMON NAME, SCIENTIFIC NAME, FAMILY, CHROMOSOM E
NUMBER, ORIGIN, INFLORESCENCE, FRUIT TYPE, FLOWERING
AND FRUITING PERIOD OF FRUIT CROPS

Dr. K. Vanangamudi
Formerly Dean (Agriculture), AC & RI, Coimbatore
Dean, Adhiparasakthi Agricultural College, Kalavai
Professor & Head (Seed Science & Technology)
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,
Coimbatore 641 003
Contact: 9894904745
Mail: [email protected]
Website: https://trinityculturalacademy.com/
YouTube: https://youtube.com/channel/UCWGv08j5jaZ-nkvz46HrBVw

2. 1. COMMON NAME, SCIENTIFIC NAME, FAMILY &
CHROMOSOME NUMBER OF FRUIT CROPS

Common name Scientific name Family
Chromosome
number
Mango Mangifera indica L. Anacardiaceae 40
Banana Musa paradisiaca Musaceae 22,33,44
Sapota
Achras sapota (Mill)
Forsberg (Manilkara
achras)
Sapotaceae 26
Guava Psidium guajava L. Myrtaceae 22
Papaya Carica papaya L. Caricaceae 18
Sweet orange Citrus sinensis
Rutaceae 18 Mandarin Citrus reticulata
Rough lemon Citrus jambheri

3. Lemon Citrus limon
Grape Vitis vinifera L. Vitaceae 38, 40
Pineapple Ananas comosus L. Bromeliaceae 50, 75, 100
Pomegranate Punica granatum L. Punicaceae 18
Jackfruit
Atrocarpus heterophyllus
Lam.
Moraceae 56
Ber
Zizyphus mauritiana
Lam.
Rhamnaceae
24, 40, 48, 72,
96
Aonla/Nelli Emblica officinalis L. Euphorbiaceae 28
Jamun Syzygium cumini Skeels. Myrtaceae 40
Custard
apple/Seetaphal
Annona squamosa
Annonaceae

14, 16 Hanumanphal Annona reticulata
Lakshmanphal Annona muricata
Ramphal Annona cherimoya
Fig Ficus carica Malphigiaceae 26

4. West Indian
cherry
Malpighia punicifolia Malphigiaceae 20
Litchi Litchi chinensis Sapindaceae 28, 30, 32
Avacado Persea americana Lauraceae 24
Loquat Eriobotrya japonica L. Rosaceae 34
Karonda Carissa carandus Apocyanaceae 22
Carambola/ Star
fruit
Averrhoa carambola Oxalidaceae 24
Passion fruit Passiflora edulis Passifloraceae 18
Egg fruit Pouteria campechiana Sapotaceae Unknown
Persimmon Diospyros kaki Ebanaceae 90
Phalsa Grewia asiatica Tiliaceae 36
Apple Malus pumila Mill. Rosaceae 34, 51, 68
Pear Pyrus communis L. Rosaceae 34, 51, 68
European plum Prunus domestica L. Rosaceae 16
Peach Prunus persica Stokes. Rosaceae 16

5. Mangosteen Garcinia mangostana L. Guttiferae 24
Durian Durio zibethinus L. Bombaceaceae 28
Rambutan Nephelium lappaceum Sapindaceae 22
Apricot Prunus armeniaca Rosaceae 16
Kiwi
fruit/Chinese
gooseberry
Actinidia deliciosa Actinidaceae 58
Date palm Phoenix dactylifera Arecaceae 36
Pistachio nut Pistacia vera Anacardiaceae 30
Cashewnut Anacardium occidentale Anacardiaceae 42
Bread fruit Artocarpus altilis Moraceae 56
Tamarind Tamarindus indica Leguminosae 24
Roseapple Syzygium jambos Myrtaceae 20
Olive Olea europaea Oleaceae 46
Bael Aegle marmelos
Rutaceae 18
Wood apple Feronia limonia

6. 2. ORIGIN, INFLORESCENCE AND FRUIT TYPE OF FRUIT CROPS


Common
name
Origin Inflorescence Fruit type
Mango
South East Asia, Indo
Burma
Panicle
Drupe
(Stone)
Banana
South East Asia, Indo
Burma
Spathe Berry
Sapota
Central and South
America
Solitary Berry
Guava Tropical America Solitary Berry
Papaya Mexico
Branched
inflorescence
Berry

7. Sweet orange
Tropical and subtropical
region of South East Asia
Cluster cyme /
Solitary
Hesperidium

Mandarin
Rough lemon
Lemon
Grape Armenia near Caspian Sea Panicle Berry
Pineapple Brazil Compound Sorosis
Pomegranate Iran Solitary in clusters Balusta
Jackfruit India Cauliflorous Sorosis
Ber
India, China and Malayan
region
Axillary cyme Drupe
Aonla/Nelli Indo China Raceme Capsule
Jamun India or the East Indies
Terminal and
axillary
Drupe
Custard
apple/Seetaphal
West Indies and South
America Solitary
Etario of
berries
Hanumanphal Caribbean and Central

8. America
Lakshmanphal Brazil
Ramphal
Mountains of Ecuador and
Peru
Fig
Western Asia
(Asiatic Turkey to
northern India)
Synchonium Syconus
West Indian
cherry
West Indies and
southern Texas, southward
to northern South America
Axillary cyme Drupe
Litchi Southern China Branched panicle Nut
Avacado Central America Panicle Berry
Loquat China Panicle Pome
Karonda Himalayas Cyme Berry
Carambola/
Star fruit
Sri Lanka or the
Moluccas, the islands of
Panicle
Capsule/
Berry

9. Indonesia
Passion fruit Southern Brazil Solitary Berry
Egg fruit Malaysia Cyathium
Persimmon Southern China
Solitary flowers in
clusters
Berry
Phalsa India and Southeast Asia Cyme Drupe
Apple South West Asia Solitary Pome
Pear
Eastern Europe, South
Western Asia and
Northern Africa
Corymbose Pome
European plum China, North America
Solitary / Umbel
like clusters
Drupe
Peach Northwest China Solitary Drupe
Mangosteen
Malay Archipelago and
Moluccas islands.
Solitary flowers in
clusters
Berry
Durian Southeast Asia Cyme Berry

10. Rambutan Malay Archipelago
Axillary or pseudo-
terminal panicles
Nut
Apricot China
Terminal or
axillary
Drupe
Kiwi
fruit/Chinese
gooseberry
Southern China Compound dichasia Berry
Date palm Iran and Egypt Spadix Drupe
Pistachio nut
Western Asia and Asia
Minor, from Syria to
Caucasus and
Afghanistan.
Axillary raceme /
panicle
Nut
Cashewnut Northeastern Brazil
Indeterminate
panicle
Nut
Bread fruit
New Guinea and Indo-
Malay region
Axillary Sorosis

11. Tamarind Tropical Africa Terminal raceme Pod
Roseapple Southeast Asia Terminal raceme Drupe
Olive Asia Minor Raceme Drupe
Bael
India
Panicle clusters
Amphisarca
Wood apple
Terminal or lateral
panicles

12. 3. Flowering and Fruiting Period of Fruit Crops


Crop Flowering period Fruiting period
Mango
Main season
Off season

November – December August - September
April – June January – February
Lime October - November January - March
Mandarin July - August November – December
Grapes February - March
June – July
April - May
August - September
Papaya Throughout the year Throughout the year
Sapota June - August October - December
October - December February – April
March July

13. Guava April - May August - September
July - August November - December
October - December January – March
Pineapple September - October March – June
Jack
Main season
Off season
September – October March – June
May – June October – December
Pomegranate May - July October – January
Custard apple May - June September - November
Ber June - July October - November
Indian Gooseberry July - August January - February
February - March August - September
Jamun March - April August - September
Wood apple May - June January - March
Bael May - June April - May

14. Tamarind September - October March - April
Karonda February - March May - June
West Indian Cherry August - September December – January
Mangosteen January - March June - August
Passion fruit February - March June - July
June - July September - October
Carambola April - May July - September
July - August November - December
September - October January - February
Rambutan February - March June – August
Durian December - January May - September
Avocado January - March May - September
Fig October - November February - June
February - March July - September
Apple February - March May - July

15. Pear February - March June – September
Plum February - March May – June
Peach January - February May – June