FAMILY FABACEAE

Family Leguminosae (Fabaceae) is generally characterized by typical legume fruit and the ability to symbiotically fix nitrogen. Among the three subfamilies, Papilionoideae is the largest and possesses the lion’s share of economically important legumes including pulses and forages. Although monophyletic origin is generally considered, traces of polyphyly and paraphyly are evidenced in the subfamilies Mimosoideae and Caesalpinioideae by molecular phylogenetic studies. Development of robust cytogenetic stocks (aneuploids, polyploids, chromosomal aberrations, somaclonal variants, transformants, etc.) and novel functional genomic tools (mutants, molecular markers, DNA libraries, barcode sequences, etc.) have paved the way to legume classical and molecular breeding for high-yield, nutritional quality, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, and enhancement of its bioactive natural antioxidants.

1. FAMILY
FABACEAE
ADITYA ARYA
B.SC.B.ED. (CBZ)

2. 2
Classification
Division : Spermatophyta
Sub division :Angiospermae
Class : Dicotyledonae
Sub class : Polypetalae
Series : Calyciflorae
Order : Rosales
Family : Fabaceae

3. FAMILY –LEGUMINOSAE / FABACEAE
Sub-family 1.
Papilionoideae
Sub-family 2.
Caesalpinioideae
Sub-family 3.
Mimosoideae
3

4. Vegetative
Characterstics:
-HABIT
-ROOT
-STEM
-LEAVES

5. ❖This family is also known
asPapilionaceaeorFabaceaeor
commonly known aspea family.
❖It is considered to be the second largest family of
dicotyledonous plants.
❖It is a terrestrial plant widely distributed in temperate
and tropical countries of the world.
❖The plants are of great economic importance.
❖They are herbs, shrubs and trees
5

6. ROOT:
•The roots are tap roots, fibrous or
tuberous.
•The outstanding feature is the presence
of roots tubercles or nodules which
harbornitrogen fixing
bacteria(Rhizobium)inside them.
•Plants are grown to enrich the soil
withnitrogenous substances
6
Rhizobia
on Root
Hair

7. 7
ROOT NODULE FORMATION:

8. STEM:
•It isbranched, smooth orglaucous,
may be erect or weak, herbaceous or
woody.
•Glaucous :grayish, bluish, or whitish
waxy coating or bloom that is easily
rubbed off
•Some are climbing with the help of leaf
tendrils. 8

9. LEAVES:
•Alternate,
•Stipulate,
•Compound leaf mostly trifoliate
•Sometimes simple leaf as in
Alysicarpus;
9

10. 10
LEAF MODIFICATIONS:
❑It is modified partly or wholly into tendril (Lathyrus, Pisum,
Vicia) leaf base may be pulvinate (swollen leaf base).
❑In Lathyrusaphacathe entire leaf
becomes modified into a tendril;
❑in Pisumand Lathyrusthe stipules
are foliaceous and highly
developed,
❑in Pisumand Viciathe leaflets are
modified into tendrils.

11. 11

12. FLORAL
CHARACTERSTICS:
-Inflorescence
-Flower
-Calyx
-Corolla
-Androecium
-Gynoecium

13. INFORESCENCE:
Raceme, flowers are arranged
inaxillary racemes

14. FLOWER:
•Flowers are complete,bracteateandpedicellate.
•They are eitheractinomorphicorzygomorphic.
•They arehypogynousandcyclic, Pentamerous.

15. CALYX:
•Sepals are generally 5 in number.
•They are usuallygamosepalousand the odd
sepal is always anterior in position.
•Aestivation-Ascending imbricate.

16. COROLLA:
❖Petals 5, polypetalous, papilionaceous,
posterior petal outermost large –the
vexilliumor standard;
❖next two lateral ones-the wings or
alae;
❖and the two anterior and innermost
united to form a boat-shaped
structure –the keel or carina;
❖descending imbricate or vexillary
aestivation.

17. Descending imbricate / Vexillary Aestivation

18. ANDROECIUM:
•There are generally 10
stamens, 9 stamens united to
form a tube around the ovary
while the tenth stamen is
free.
•They arepolyandrousor
diadelphous.

19. GYNOECIUM:
•It is monocarpellary,superior
and unilocular.
•There are numerous ovules
onparietal or marginal
placentation.

20. FRUIT:
Legume or pod

21. SEED:
❑Non-endospermic.
POLINATION:
❑Entomophilous.

22. FLORAL DIAGRAM WITH FLORAL FORMULA
(PISUM SATIVUMOR GARDEN PEA):

23. TYPE SPECIES:
Lathyrusodoratus

24. Classification
Division : Spermatophyta
Sub division : Angiospermae
Class : Dicotyledonae
Sub class : Polypetalae
Series : Calyciflorae
Order : Rosales
Family : Leguminosae /Fabaceae
Genus : Lathyrus

25. Habit:
A cultivated, climbing herb.
VEGETATIVE CHARACTERSTICS:

26. Root:
Tap, branched.

27. Stem:
Herbaceous,
weak, fistular,
branched,
hairy.

28. Leaf:
*Alternate,
*petiolate,
*stipulate,
*stipules leafy,
*pinnately compound,
*upper leaflets are modified
into tendrils and help in
climbing.

29. Inflorescence:
Racemose or solitary
axillary.
FLORAL CHARACTERSTICS:

30. Flower:
Bracteate, pedicellate,
complete,
hermaphrodite,
zygomorphic
pentamerous,
hypogynous.

31. Calyx:
Sepals 5,
gamosepalous,
pentapartite,
companulate, odd
sepal anterior,
imbricate aestivation,
green, hairy.

33. Corolla:
Petals 5, polypetalous, papilionaceous, consisting of a
large posterior petal –the vexillum or standard, two
lateral-alae or wings and two inner fused to form a
boat shaped structure the keel or carina, vexillary
aestivation.

34. Vexillary Aestivation

35. Androecium:
Stamens 10, diadelphous, nine are fused by the
lower halves of their filaments to form a tube
round the ovary and tenth posterior one free,
anthers basifixed, introrse, dithecous, enclosed
in the keel.

36. Gynoecium:
Monocarpellary, ovary superior, unilocular,
hairy stigma, elongated, laterally compressed,
marginal placentation ovules many, style long.

37. Floral formula & Floral Diagram:

38. Economic Importance:
1. Food:
The fruits and seeds of Pisumsativum (H. Matar),
Cicerarietinum, (H. Chana), Cajanuscajan(H. Arhar),
Dolichoslablab (H. Sem), Vignaaconitifolius(H.
Moth), Phaseolusradiatus (H. Moong), P. mungo (H.
Urd), Lensesculenta (H. Masur), Glycinemax
(Soyabean) are used as vegetable and pulse. Soya-bean
is supposed to contain very high percentage of proteins
comparable to meat.
2. Oil:
The seeds of Arachishypogeaare pressed to obtain an
oil. It is converted into vegetable ghee after
hydrogenation and largely used as substitute for pure
ghee. The oil cake is used for cattle feeding. Mungfaliis
also eaten after roasting.

39. 3. Medicine:
Glycyrrhizaglabra (H. Mulathi) is used in
throat pain and cough. Physostigma
venenosumhas several alkaloids and
sometimes used as an eye ointment. The fresh
juice of the leaves of Abrusprecatorius(H.
Ratti) is said to remove spots of leucoderma.
Its seeds have constant weight to an
astonishing degree and traditionally used by
goldsmiths.
Cyamopsistetragonoloba(syn. Psoralea
tetragonolaea) seeds are laxative, stimulant
and produce a colourlessessential oil. The
juice of Sesbaniagrandiflora flowers is said
to improve eye sight.

40. 4. Fibre:
Crotalaria juncea(SunnHemp or H-
Swun) yields fibres, which are used
for making rope, mat, coarse canvas,
sacks, nets etc. It is a blast fibre.
5. Timber:
Dalbergia sissoo (H. Shismam), D.
latifalia(Indian rose wood) yield
timber.
6. Dye:
Indigofera tinctoria yields a dye –the
indigo (H. Neel).

41. 7. Ornamental and
miscellaneous:
❑Many plants viz., Lathyrusodoratus, Clitoria,
Sesbania, Lupinus, Genista, Robinia, etc. are
used as ornamental plants in gardens.
❑Erythrina–(Indian Coral tree) is bird
pollinated and produces beautiful red flowers.
❑Perubalsam and Tolubalsam are obtained
from Mysoxylon. Gumtragacinthis obtained
from Astragalusgummifer.
❑Gum is also obtained from Butea
monospermaand Pterocarpus.
❑Because of root nodules many plants of this
family can enrich the soil with fixed nitrogen.
❑Hence they are often used in crop rotation.

42. THANKS!