Fast diagram, Work Design and Measurement

FAST stands for “FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS SYSTEMS TECHNIQUE”


The FAST technique has long been used in Value Engineering to analyze costs. Function Analysis System Technique (FAST) is a tool that has mainstay of the value management profession since its introduction In 1965.

1. Work Design and Measurement FAST DIAGRAMS BY: Yagnik Savaliya (27) Vaibhav Chhajer(28 ) Vishal Derashri (30 ) Parth Devani (38 ) Rutvik Raol (45 )

2. FAST stands for “ F UNCTIONAL A NALYSIS S YSTEMS T ECHNIQUE ”

3. INTRODUCTION In 1964, this function based approach to the analysis of products and processes was enhanced by Charles Bytheway, who provided a graphical representation and logical structure to the function analysis step of the Value Methodology. The FAST technique has long been used in Value Engineering to analyze costs. Function Analysis System Technique (FAST) is a tool that has mainstay of the value management profession since its introduction In 1965 .

4. What is Value? A p r o duc t ( or s e r v i c e) ha s good v a l u e if it ha s a p pr o p ri a t e fu n c t ion a nd c o s t A l t ern a t i v e d e f ini t ion – R a t io of fu n c t ion t o c o s t Al wa y s in c re as ed b y d e c re as ing c o s t s M a y b e in c re as ed b y in c re as ing p e r f or m a n c e if t h e c us t o m er nee ds , w an t s and is willing to pay for more performance. Ma x i m u m v a l u e is n e v er ach i e v ed I n nor m a l usa ge, v a l u e is good if it o f f ers s o m e w h a t b e t t er c o mb in a t ions of ideas, processes, materials and functions cost-wise than competitor

5. Basic Steps I n f o r ma t i on g a t h e rin g Asks w h a t t h e re q ui reme n ts a re f or t h e ob j ect F un ct i on a n a l ys i s Wh a t does t he ob j ect do? Wh a t m u st i t do? Wh a t sho ul d i t do? Wh a t m u st i t n ot do ? A l t e rn a t i v e ge n e r a t i on (c r e a t i o n ) Wh a t a re t h e v a r i o u s a l t er n a t i v e w a ys of meet in g r e q ui reme n ts? Wh a t e l se w il l pe r f orm t h e d es i red fun ct i o n ?

6. E v a lu a t i on A l t er n a t i v es a re a ssessed b y ev a lu a t in g h o w w e l l t h e y meet t h e re q ui red fun ct i o n s a n d w h a t w il l the cost saving be . P r ese n t a t i on Best a l t er n a t i v e i s prese n t ed t o m a n a g eme n t f or fi n a l d ec i s i on

7. All Cost is for Function T he c u s t o m er w an t s a fun ct ion! W an t s s o m e t hing d one – en c lo s e d , hel d , m ov e d , c lean e d , hea t e d , c oole d , e tc . W an t s s o m eone (p e r ha p s hi ms elf) p lea s ed Sha pe, co l o r , a r om a , s o un d , t e x t ur e, “p r ec i o us ” m a t e r i a l , etc. U s e fun ct ions S e r v e nee d s E n t ail s o m e a ct ion t hat he w an t s p e r f o r m ed A e s t he t ic fun ct ions P lea s e t he u s e r / o wner

8. What is Function? “A product or process must do to make it work and sell,” It is the original intent or purpose that a product, process or service is expected to perform. In FAST Diagrams, the description of a function is restricted to a two word format – an Active Verb+ Measurable Noun. Ex. :- Carry Load; Transmit Light; Project Image.

9. Functions P r odu ct s m a y re q uire u s e fun ct ion s , ae s t he t ic fun ct ions or b o t h R efrigera t o r , au t o m o b ile, c l o t hing, e tc . re q uire b o t h u s e and ae s t he t ic fun ct ions Con c ealed w ire in a b uilding, oil in an engine, e tc . re q uire only u s e fun ct ions P e r fu m e s , a r t i s t ic p ain t ing s , e tc . h a v e ae s t he t ic fun ct i o n

10. Analysis of Function S t a t e t he fun ct ion in e x a c t s en t en c es I s t hat e xa ct ly what it d oes f or t he c u s t o m e r ? I s t hat e xa ct ly what t he c u s t o m er w an t s it t o d o? I s t hat e xa ct ly what t he c u s t o m er b eli e v es he ’ s p a y ing f o r ? I m p rov e and c larify s en t en c es un t il t h e y s a y w hat t he fun ct ion e x a ct ly is N a m e t he fun ct ion w i t h a v er b -noun c o m b ina t ion E .g . s u pp o r t c on t a ct , en c lo s e hou s in g , r a d ia t e hea t , e tc .

11. Defining Function All functions can be defined in Two words: An Active Verb and a Measurable Noun Examples of function foe various types of Studies: Item : Function : -Automobile -Transport People -Refrigerator -Cools Air -Foundation -Support Structure - Road -Routes Vehicles

12. Naming Functions Some Verbs Contain Secure Move Locate Shorten Space Support Rotate Protect Fasten Prevent Close Control Reduce Modulate Limit Mount Filter Ignite Some Noun Piston Vibration Volumes Contacts Torque Panel Switch Paint Volume Rust Current Noise

13. By constraining the description to just two words, it forces participants to clearly and concisely capture WHAT task needs to be performed, not HOW it is performed. This eliminates the physical constraints of the product from our thinking and allows us to explore alternatives more easily. It is a way of overcoming “functional fixedness” which is what Charles Bytheway was trying to accomplish.

14. FAST Fast diagrams provide a graphical representation of how functions are linked or work together in a system to deliver the intended goods or services. Functions may be performed by the process, product or system, into a How?/why? relationship. The FAST diagram presents the whole technical system with the inter-relationship of its various functions.

15. U s e of a F A S T d ia g r am b a s ed on t he W h y- H o w - When lo g i c W h y ? L e a d s b a ck t o t h e hi g h er l ev el fun ct i on H o w ? Le a d s a h e a d t o t h e spec ifi c fun ct i on t h a t m u st be p e r f o r m ed i n o r d er t o When ? Whi ch fun ct i o n s m u st be pe r f o r m ed s i m ul t a n eo u s l y a n d se q u e n t i a l relationship with others.

16. Basic Step Pr ep a r e a li s t o f a ll t h e fu nc t i o ns b y ass em b ly o r s y s t em us ing t h e v e r b a nd n ou n t ec h ni q u e o f i d en t i f ic at i o n o f fu nc t i o n W r i t e e a ch fu nc t i o n o n a s m a ll c a r d. S elect a c a r d wi t h t h e fu nc t i o n t ha t y o u c o n s i d er t o b e t h e b as ic fu nc t i o n. D e t e r mine t h e p os i t i o n o f t h e n e xt h i g h er a n d l o w er fu nc t i o n c a r d s b y s peci f ic a lly a n s w e r ing t h e q u e s t i o n s : H o w ? W h y ? Wh en ?

17. Basics of FAST diagrams:

18. You will note in the figure that there are several different classifications of functions. The two major categories are: 1 . Basic Function 2 . secondary Functions Basic Functions : describe the characteristics or task which is the primary reason for the existence of an item. It is what the product or process was actually designed to . Secondary Functions : are those designed-in functions which are required to cause or allow the basic function to occur. It is any function that directly contributes to accomplishing the basic function. It can be further divided into several other categories which are known as sub-groups.

19. Dependent Function A function that depends on another function for its existence. Comes in to existence when a specific method is selected. Independent Function Does not depend upon one other functions for its existence or on the method selected to perform those functions . Support Function A function, which assists a critical function in doing its job so that it may be done in a reliable and acceptable manner.

20. Critical Path Functions Any functions which describe specifically how or why another functions are performed . Higher Order Functions Higher order functions are reasons for the lower order functions to exist. In the FAST diagram they appear in the left-hand portion of the diagram Lower Order functions Lower order Functions serve the higher order functions. Their existence depends on the relevance of higher order functions. In the FAST diagram they appear in the right-hand portion of the diagram.

21. A few things that to be pointed out about FAST Diagrams: --- There is no single “correct” FAST Diagram for a product, process, service or system. They can very depending on: Focus of the analysis. Technology or customer focused; Objectives of the study in which it is used – cost reduction, process improvement or technical problem solving.

22. CASE STUDY PC PROJECTOR. HARDWARE & OPERATING SYS. MOUSE TRAP.

23. We can see that there is a logical How/Why connection across the critical path, as well as the secondary path. In addition to this left-right logic path, there is the “When?” logical connection moving from top to bottom. “When” the projector “Generate Light” it also must “Minimize Heat” generate.

24. Advantages Of FAST Easy to analyze. All functions under one flow chart/ diagram. Helps to figure out critical path. Helps to find function for where we can optimize the process.