fat and water soluble vitamins MAW.pptx

A detailed version of pptx about fat and water soluble vitamins

1. WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS Presented by: Faiza Azhar M.Phil. Pharmaceutical Chemistry

2. Vitamins Chemistry Source Absorption, Transport, storage. Recommended values Physiological functions Deficiency Vitamin C Hexose derivative and closely resembles to monosaccharide in structure. It exists in two forms: L-Ascorbic acid L- Dehydro -ascorbic acid Lemons Oranges Spinach Tomatoes Strawberries Broccoli Absorbed in small intestine and Transported via facilitated diffusion. 0-6 months = 40 mg 7-12 months =50 mg 1-13 years= 15-45 mg 14-18 years=65-75 mg 19+ years=75-90mg Anti-oxidant. Boost immune system. Increase bones density Reduces chances of UTIs Wound healing Scurvy Dry hair and skin. Swollen joints fatigue

3. Scurvy

4. Vitamins Source Physiological functions. Deficiencies B1 (Thiamine) Meat Fish. Breads. Cereals. Growth and development of cells Nervous system maintenance Glucose metabolism Loss of appetite. Weight loss. Short-term memory loss. GIT disturbances. B2 (Riboflavin) Dairy milk. Yogurt. Cheese. Eggs. Nuts. Peas. Antioxidant Cellular functions. Metabolism of other nutrients. Blurred Vision Fatigue Dermatitis Hair loss Depression B3 (Niacin) Chicken Nuts Peas Potatoes. Dates broccoli Creates and repairs DNA Converts nutrients in to energy. Lowers cholesterol levels. Intracellular respiration. Depression Loss of memory Headache Rashes on skin. Mouth and tongue inflammation B5 (Pantothenic acid) Sunflower seed oil Chicken liver Mushrooms Tomatoes cauliflower Heals skin wounds Lowers serum cholesterol level Reduce inflammation DNA synthesis and blood glucose maintenance. Muscle cramps. Insomnia Headache. Numbness in hands and feet.

5. Vitamins Source Physiological functions. Deficiencies B6 (Pyridoxine) Nuts Chicken Soybeans Oats Oranges Improve immune functions. Involved in protein metabolism. Improve brain health functions. DNA synthesis. Dermatitis. Confusion. Tongue inflammation. Neurological abnormalities B7(Biotin) Tomatoes Carrots Onions Eggs almonds Promotes hair and nail health. Role in amino acid metabolism. Converts macronutrients into energy. Hair loss Dermatitis. Skin infections Hallucinations. Seizures. B9 (Folic acid) Sunflower seeds Fresh fruits and juices. Whole grains Seafood RBCs formation Contributes to tissue growth RNA and DNA synthesis Metabolism of amino acids Palpitations Shortness of breath. Headache Weakness and fatigue B12 ( Cobalamin ) Fish Meat Diary products RBCs formation. Brain and nerve cell development. Reduce inflammation. DNA synthesis. Anemia Fatigue Depression Dementia Numbness in hands and feet .

6. Chemistry of Vitamin C

7. CHEMISTRY OF VITAMIN B-COMPLEX

8. Vitamin B9 Intake

9. Case Study A boy presented with easy fatigue, breathlessness and pain in the legs on walking, noted during the past few weeks. Paleness and icterus in the sclera had been noted by the parents for about 2 years, although these findings became more obvious within the last few weeks. The vegetarian patient had not consumed any food of animal origin for many years. Besides, the family only rarely ate fresh fruits or vegetables.

10. Medical history 15 years 48 Kg 5’5’’ height. The patient had a history of an upper respiratory tract infection that began about 15 days earlier and resolved 1 week later. No fever was noted. In the physical examination, the patient looked pale and weak, and his sclera were icteric. His heart rate was 78 bpm, and BP was 120/80.

11. Diagnostic Tests CBC RFTs LFTs Lipid Profile ECG Vitamin D Test

12. Results Hb level (lower than normal). -> May be anemic. WBC (Higher than normal). -> Might be an infection. Other Lab values were negative. ECG was normal. Blood culture was then performed to figure out the presence of infection.

13. Treatment As the patient's anaemia was caused by nutritional deficiency, and there was no sign of heart failure. Intramuscular cyanocobalamin was started (0.5 µg/kg/day for 2 days followed by 100 µg/day for 2 days and 1000 µg/day for 1 week; thereafter, he received 1000 µg cyanocobalamin weekly for 1 month, and would receive it once every month for 6 months). In the second week of therapy, oral iron (ferrous glycine sulfate; 4 mg/kg/day of elemental iron) and folic acid (5 mg/day) were initiated

14. Clinical Outcomes Hb level was normal. WBC level was normal. Increased body weight. Healthy and fit. Appropriate treatment results in rapid resolution of associated symptoms and of abnormal laboratory findings