Fatal Dose, fatal Period & sign and symptoms of snake bites

Topic is fatal Dose, fatal Period and sign and symptoms of snake bites

1. Fatal Dose, Fatal Period, Signs & Symptoms of King Cobra, Common Cobra, Common Krait, Russel Viper, Saw Scaled Viper, Pit Viper

2. Introduction This presentation covers: Fatal dose Fatal period Signs and symptoms of envenomation by King Cobra, Common Cobra, Common Krait, Russel Viper, Saw Scaled Viper, Pit Viper.

3. SNAKES Poisonous : Cobra, Russell viper, saw scaled viper, pit viper and Krait Non poisonous: Rat snake, vine snake, sand boa and mud snake

4. SNAKE BITES Around 30-40 thousand death per year More prevalent in rural than urban areas, commonly seen in summers, mostly at night Most of the bites In tropical countries: lower extremities since Non-tropical countries: on fingers and hands due to deliberate handling of snakes

5. POISON APPARATUS Glands Ducts Fangs Hollow hypodermic needle Grooved (cobra, krait) Tubular (vipers)

6. SNAKE VENOM Poisonous secretion (saliva) Faint transparent yellow and viscous, when fresh Proteinous in nature, which are glycopolypeptides that are enzymatic in action Contents:

7. King Cobra

8. King Cobra - Overview Largest venomous snake. Highly neurotoxic venom. Causes respiratory failure. Fatal Dose: 12-15 mg. Fatal Period: 30 minutes to 6 hours.

9. King Cobra - Signs & Symptoms • Severe neurotoxicity • Ptosis, blurred vision • Respiratory paralysis • Rapid unconsciousness

10. Common Cobra

11. Common Cobra - Overview Widely distributed in India. Venom: neurotoxic & cytotoxic. Fatal Dose: 12-15 mg. Fatal Period: 1 to 6 hours.

12. Common Cobra - Signs & Symptoms • Local swelling & necrosis • Ptosis, diplopia • Respiratory paralysis • Death due to asphyxia

13. Common Krait

14. Common Krait - Overview Nocturnal & highly dangerous. Venom: potent neurotoxin. Fatal Dose: 2 mg. Fatal Period: 4 to 8 hours.

15. Common Krait - Signs & Symptoms • Minimal local swelling • Abdominal pain, cramps • Ptosis, difficulty speaking • Respiratory failure

16. Russell’s Viper

17. Russell’s Viper - Overview Responsible for high snakebite deaths in India. Venom: hemotoxic & nephrotoxic. Fatal Dose: ~40-70 mg. Fatal Period: 1 to 14 days.

18. Russell’s Viper - Signs & Symptoms • Severe local swelling & necrosis • Coagulopathy, bleeding • Shock, renal failure • Death if untreated

19. Saw Scaled Viper

20. Saw Scaled Viper- Overview The saw-scaled viper is  a small, highly venomous snake found in Africa, the Middle East, and parts of Asia. It is notorious for its hemotoxic venom that causes severe bleeding . Fatal Dose - ~ 5–10 mg of venom (average yield per bite 12–18 mg). Fatal Period – 2 - 4 days

21. Saw Scaled Viper- Sign & Symptoms • Severe local pain and swelling. • Bleeding from gums, nose, urine, stool. • Shock due to internal bleeding. • Intravascular coagulation (DIC). • Renal failure in severe cases.

22. Pit Viper

23. Pit Viper – Overview A pit viper is a subfamily of venomous vipers ( Crotalinae ). It is distinguished by a pair of heat-sensing pit organs between their eyes and nostrils, which help them detect and track warm-blooded prey.  Found in Asia and the Americas. •Fatal Dose – ~ 40–50 mg of venom (varies by species). •Fatal Period - 1-4 days

24. Pit Viper – Sign & Symptoms • Severe local swelling and intense pain. • Blistering and tissue necrosis. • Bleeding from bite site and systemic bleeding. • Hypotension and shock. • Difficulty in clotting and multi-organ failure in severe cases.

25. Conclusion King Cobra, Common Cobra, Krait, Russell’s Viper, Saw-scaled Viper, and Pit Viper are medically important. Early treatment with antivenom & supportive care is crucial.

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