FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM power point presentation.docx

Female reproductive system power point presentation

1. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM

4. EXTERNAL GENITALIA (VULVA)

5. EXTERNAL GENITALIA (VULVA)
MONS PUBIS

6. EXTERNAL GENITALIA (VULVA)
LABIA

7. EXTERNAL GENITALIA (VULVA)
LABIA MAJORA

8. EXTERNAL GENITALIA (VULVA)
LABIA MINORA

9. EXTERNAL GENITALIA (VULVA)

10. EXTERNAL GENITALIA (VULVA)
CLITORIS

11. EXTERNAL GENITALIA (VULVA)
URETHRAL ORIFICE

12. EXTERNAL GENITALIA (VULVA)
VAGINAL ORIFICE

13. I

14. INTERNAL GENITALIA (REPRODUCTIVE TRACT)

15. INTERNAL GENITALIA (REPRODUCTIVE TRACT)
VAGINA

16. INTERNAL GENITALIA (REPRODUCTIVE TRACT)
CERVIX

17. INTERNAL GENITALIA (REPRODUCTIVE TRACT)
CERVIX

18. INTERNAL GENITALIA (REPRODUCTIVE TRACT)
UTERUS

19. INTERNAL GENITALIA (REPRODUCTIVE TRACT)
UTERUS
ENDOMETRIUM

20. INTERNAL GENITALIA (REPRODUCTIVE TRACT)
UTERUS
MYOMETRIUM

21. INTERNAL GENITALIA (REPRODUCTIVE TRACT)
UTERUS
PERIMETRIUM

22. INTERNAL GENITALIA (REPRODUCTIVE TRACT)
FUNDUS
It's dome-shaped and sits at
the top of the uterus. Like
the cervix, the uterine
fundus is important in
reproductive health, too.
Not only does the fundus
help balance appropriate
hormones during
pregnancy, it also aids in

23. protection of the fetus.

24. FALLOPIAN
TUBE
UTERINE
TUBE
INTERNAL GENITALIA (REPRODUCTIVE TRACT)

25. INTERNAL GENITALIA (REPRODUCTIVE TRACT)
Isthmus: A tiny channel that connects
the ampulla to the portion of your
fallopian tube that's closest to your
uterus
The uterine isthmus can become
more compressible and soft in
pregnancy, which is a finding
known as Hegar's sign.
It typically presents between the
fourth and sixth week of pregnancy
and may be present until the 12th
ISTHMUS
FALLOPIAN
TUBE
UTERINE
TUBE

26. week of pregnancy.

27. UTERINE
TUBE
AMPULLA
INTERNAL GENITALIA (REPRODUCTIVE TRACT)
Ampulla: The major channel in your
fallopian tube, located in-between
the infundibulum and the isthmus.
Fertilization most often takes place in
the ampulla.
FALLOPIAN
TUBE

28. UTERINE
TUBE
INTERNAL GENITALIA (REPRODUCTIVE TRACT)
The infundibulum
catches and channels
the released eggs; it is
the wide distal
(outermost) portion of
each fallopian tube.
INFUNDIBULUM
FALLOPIAN
TUBE

29. UTERINE
TUBE
INTERNAL GENITALIA (REPRODUCTIVE TRACT)
Your fimbriae are finger-like
projections at the ends of each of
your fallopian tubes. Each month,
they sweep a newly released egg
from your ovaries into your
fallopian tubes. Damaged
fimbriae can negatively impact
your fertility.
FIMBRIAE
FALLOPIAN
TUBE

30. INTERNAL GENITALIA (REPRODUCTIVE TRACT)
They produce and store your
eggs (also called ovum) and
make hormones (estrogen &
progesterone) that control
your menstrual cycle and
pregnancy. During ovulation,
one of your ovaries releases
an egg.
OVARY

31. •Oogenesis is the process of formation of female
gametes. This process begins inside the fetus before birth.
The steps in oogenesis up to the production of primary
oocytes occur before birth. Primary oocytes do not divide
further. They either become secondary oocytes or
degenerate (atresia).
•The goal of folliculogenesis is to produce a single
dominant follicle from a pool of growing follicles.
OOGENESIS & FOLLICULOGENESIS

32. OOGENESIS & FOLLICULOGENESIS

33. •The menstrual cycle is a natural but complex
cycle of changes that your body goes through
each month.
•A menstrual cycle is measured from the first
day of your period to the day before your next
period.
•The average length of a menstrual cycle is 28
THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE

34. days, but everyone's cycle is different. For
example, teenagers might have cycles that last 45
days, whereas people in their 20s to 30s might
have cycles that last 21 to 38 days.

35. 1.Your period (menstruation)
When you have a period, your uterus lining sheds and
flows out of your vagina. Your period contains blood,
mucus and some cells from the lining of your uterus.
The average length of a period is 3 to 7 days.
PHASES OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE

36. 2.The follicular phase
The follicular phase starts on the first day of your
period and lasts for 13 to 14 days. Changing
hormone levels cause the lining of your uterus to
thicken and follicles to grow on the surface of the
ovaries. Usually only one follicle will mature into an
egg.
PHASES OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE

37. 3.Ovulation
•Ovulation is when a mature egg is released from
an ovary. This usually happens once a month,
about 2 weeks before your next period.
•You're most likely to get pregnant if you
have unprotected sex around the time of
ovulation.
PHASES OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE

38. 4.The luteal phase
•After ovulation, the egg travels through the
fallopian tubes to your uterus. The uterus lining
continues to thicken in preparation for pregnancy.
•If you fall pregnant, you won't have a period. If
you don't get pregnant, you'll have a period and
the menstrual cycle will start again.
PHASES OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE

39. •Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a set of symptoms
caused by a problem with a woman’s hormones. It
affects the ovaries.
•PCOS is a very common condition in women of
childbearing age. In some cases, it can lead to serious health issues
if not treated.
•Treatment for PCOS is often done with medicine. This
can’t cure PCOS, but it helps reduce symptoms and
prevent some health problems.
WHAT IS POLYCYSTIC OVARY
SYNDROME (PCOS)?

40. •In some cases, a woman doesn’t make enough of the
hormones needed to ovulate.
•When ovulation doesn’t happen, the ovaries can develop
many small fluid-filled sacs (cysts). These cysts make hormones
called androgens.
•Androgens are a type of hormone normally found in
abundance in men, but women normally have them in smaller
amounts. Women with PCOS often have high levels of
androgens.
•This can cause more problems with a woman’s
menstrual cycle. And it can cause many of the
symptoms of PCOS.
WHAT IS POLYCYSTIC OVARY
SYNDROME (PCOS)?

42. •Experts don't know the exact cause of PCOS.
•Many women with PCOS have insulin resistance. This
means the body can't use insulin well.
•Insulin levels build up in the body and may cause
higher androgen levels.
•Obesity can also increase insulin levels and make
PCOS symptoms worse.
WHAT CAUSES PCOS?

43. •You may be more likely to have PCOS if your mother or
sister has it. You may also be more likely to have it if you
have insulin resistance or are obese.
•Women with PCOS are more likely to develop certain
serious health problems. These include type 2 diabetes,
high blood pressure, problems with the heart and blood
vessels, and uterine cancer. Women with PCOS often
have problems with their ability to get pregnant (fertility).
WHO IS AT RISK FOR PCOS?

44. •Missed periods, irregular periods, or very light periods
•Ovaries that are large or have many cysts
•Extra body hair, including the chest, stomach, and back (hirsutism)
•Weight gain, especially around the belly
•Acne or oily skin
•Male-pattern baldness or thinning hair
•Infertility
•Small pieces of extra skin on the neck or armpits (skin tags)
•Dark or thick skin patches on the back of the neck, in the armpits, and
under the breasts
WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF PCOS?

45. •A change in diet and activity. A healthy diet and more
physical activity can help you lose weight and reduce your
symptoms. They can also help your body use insulin more
efficiently, lower blood glucose levels, and may help you
ovulate.
•Medicines to cause ovulation. Medicines can help the ovaries
to release eggs normally. These medicines also have certain
risks. They can increase the chance of a multiple birth (twins
or more). And they can cause ovarian hyper stimulation. This
is when the ovaries release too many hormones. It can cause
symptoms, such as belly bloating and pelvic pain.
HOW IS PCOS TREATED?
If you do plan to become pregnant, your treatment may include:

46. •Birth control pills. These help to control menstrual cycles, lower androgen
levels, and reduce acne.
•Diabetes medicine. This is often used to lower insulin resistance in
PCOS. It may also help reduce androgen levels, slow hair growth, and
help you ovulate more regularly.
•A change in diet and activity. A healthy diet and more physical activity
can help you lose weight and reduce your symptoms. They can also help
your body use insulin more efficiently, lower blood glucose levels, and
may help you ovulate.
•Medicines to treat other symptoms. Some medicines can help reduce hair
growth or acne.
HOW IS PCOS TREATED?
If you don't plan to become pregnant, your treatment may include:

47. ACCESORY REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS
The breasts contain mammary
glands. Only the mammary glands in
women can produce milk to feed a
baby during LACTATION. For this
reason, the breasts are accessory
organs of the female reproductive
system.
Breasts are secondary sexual
characteristics, not organs.

48. NEXT MEETING