Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Alloys and their Application material engg[1].pptx

Alloys are mixtures of metals (or metals with non-metals) to enhance properties like strength, corrosion resistance, and conductivity.
Metals that contain iron (Fe) as the main element.
May include carbon and other elements to improve strength, hardness, and durability.
Magnetic properties (except stainless steel and certain alloy steels).
What is Stainless Steel.?
An iron-based alloy containing chromium (10-30%) that prevents rust and corrosion.

May also contain nickel, molybdenum, or titanium for enhanced properties.

1. Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Alloys and their Application NAME: SOUMIK BHAR UNIVERSITY ROLL NO.: 14200723005 DEPARTMENT: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SUBJECT NAME: MATERIALS ENGINEERING SUBJECT CODE:ES-ME401 SEMISTER: 4 th

2. What Are Alloys? Definition : Alloys are mixtures of metals (or metals with non-metals) to enhance properties like strength, corrosion resistance, and conductivity. Why Use Alloys? Pure metals often lack ideal strength, durability, or resistance to environmental factors. Alloys combine beneficial properties of multiple elements. Classification of Alloys: Ferrous Alloys (contain iron) → Strong, magnetic, widely used in construction & tools. Non-Ferrous Alloys (little to no iron) → Lightweight, corrosion-resistant, good electrical conductivity. Examples: Ferrous : Steel, Cast Iron, Stainless Steel Non-Ferrous : Aluminum, Copper, Titanium, Brass, Bronze

3. Ferrous Alloys: Definition and Characteristics What Are Ferrous Alloys? Metals that contain iron (Fe) as the main element . May include carbon and other elements to improve strength, hardness, and durability. Magnetic properties (except stainless steel and certain alloy steels). Key Characteristics of Ferrous Alloys: High strength and hardness Magnetic properties Corrosion-prone High density Good machinability and weldability Common Types of Ferrous Alloys: Carbon Steel Alloy Steel Stainless Steel Cast Iron CAST-ITON ROD STAINLESS STEEL SHEET ALLOY STEEL

4. Types of Steel and Their Properties 2. Medium Carbon Steel Carbon Content: 0.25% – 0.60% Properties: Stronger and harder than mild steel Less ductile but more wear-resistant Can be heat-treated for better properties Mild Steel (Low Carbon Steel) Carbon Content: 0.05% – 0.25% Properties: High ductility and malleability Easily welded and machined Low strength but good toughness High Carbon Steel Carbon Content: 0.60% – 1.50% Properties: Very hard and strong Brittle and less ductile Excellent wear resistance Alloy Steel Composition: Steel + alloying elements (Chromium, Nickel, Molybdenum, Vanadium) Properties: Improved strength, hardness, and toughness Enhanced corrosion and wear resistance Used in high-performance applications

5. Stainless Steel – Properties What is Stainless Steel.? An iron-based alloy containing chromium (10-30%) that prevents rust and corrosion. May also contain nickel, molybdenum, or titanium for enhanced properties. Used in environments where corrosion resistance is critical. 2. Key Properties of Stainless Steel ✔ Corrosion Resistance ✔ High Strength and Durability ✔ Heat and Fire Resistance ✔ Hygienic and Easy to Clean ✔ Non-Magnetic (Some Grades) ✔ Aesthetic Appeal

6. Cast Iron – Properties What is Cast Iron? An iron-carbon alloy with 2-4% carbon content , making it more brittle than steel. Excellent wear resistance, high compressive strength, and good castability . Contains silicon (1-3%) , improving its machinability. 2. Key Properties of Cast Iron ✔ High Compressive Strength ✔ Good Wear Resistance ✔ Good Heat Retention ✔ Brittle Nature ✔ Low Cost For Its Properties

7. Non-Ferrous Alloys: Definition, Properties What Are Non-Ferrous Alloys? Metals that contain little to no iron (Fe) as their primary component. Typically lighter, corrosion-resistant, and good conductors of electricity & heat . Used where weight reduction, electrical conductivity, or resistance to rust is required. Key Properties of Non-Ferrous Alloys ✔ Corrosion Resistance ✔ Lightweight ✔ Non-Magnetic ✔ High Electrical & Thermal Conductivity ✔ Easily Machined & Cast Common Non-Ferrous Alloys ✔ Aluminum Alloys ✔ Copper Alloys ✔ Nickel Alloys COPPER BRASS ALUMINIUM TUNGSTEN LEAD

8. Aluminium Alloys – Properties What Are Aluminum Alloys? Lightweight, corrosion-resistant alloys made from aluminum with elements like copper, magnesium, silicon, or zinc. Used in industries requiring low weight, high strength, and good thermal conductivity . 2. Key Properties of Aluminum Alloys ✔ Lightweight ✔ Corrosion Resistance ✔ Good Thermal & Electrical Conductivity ✔ High Strength-to-Weight Ratio ✔ Non-Magnetic and Non-Sparking ALUMINIUM SHEET ROLL

9. Copper Alloys – Properties What Are Copper Alloys? Alloys made from copper with elements like zinc, tin, nickel, or aluminum to enhance properties. Known for high electrical and thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, and malleability . 2. Key Properties of Copper Alloys ✔ High Electrical & Thermal Conductivity ✔ Corrosion Resistance ✔ Ductility & Malleability ✔ Antimicrobial Properties ✔ Good Wear & Fatigue Resistance BERYLLIUM COPPER A non-ferrous alloy made of copper (97-98%) and beryllium (0.5-2%), sometimes with nickel or cobalt.

10. Advantages of Ferrous Alloys Over Non-Ferrous Alloys Higher Strength & Durability – Ferrous alloys, especially steel, are stronger and more durable, making them ideal for construction, machinery, and tools. Lower Cost & Availability – Iron is abundant and cheaper to produce compared to non-ferrous metals like copper and titanium. Magnetic Properties – Many ferrous alloys (steel, iron) are magnetic, which is useful in electrical and mechanical applications like motors and transformers. Better Heat & Wear Resistance – Ferrous alloys (cast iron, alloy steels) can withstand high temperatures and heavy wear, making them ideal for engines, boilers, and industrial tools.

11. Advantages of Non-Ferrous Alloys Over Ferrous Alloys Corrosion Resistance – Non-ferrous alloys (e.g., aluminum, copper, titanium) are highly resistant to rust and corrosion, making them ideal for marine, aerospace, and outdoor applications. Lightweight – Metals like aluminum and magnesium are much lighter than steel, which is crucial in automotive, aerospace, and transportation industries. High Electrical & Thermal Conductivity – Copper and aluminum have excellent conductivity, making them essential for electrical wiring, heat exchangers, and electronics. Non-Magnetic Properties – Most non-ferrous alloys (except nickel and cobalt) are non-magnetic, making them useful in electronics, MRI machines, and specialized industrial applications.

12. Applications of Ferrous Alloys Construction & Infrastructure 🏗 Structural Steel Reinforced Concrete (Rebar) Pipelines & Water Supply Automotive & Transportation 🚗✈🚆 Car Bodies & Chassis Rail Tracks & Train Components. Shipbuilding Electrical & Magnetic Applications ⚡🔩 Transformers & Electric Motors Magnetic Cores Industrial & Manufacturing 🏭 Machinery & Tools Boilers & Pressure Vessels REBAR RAIL TRACK BOILER

13. Applications of Non-Ferrous Alloys Construction & Infrastructure 🏗 Aluminium Alloys – Window frames, roofing sheets, structural supports. Nickel Alloys – Corrosion-resistant structures, chemical processing plants. Automotive & Aerospace 🚗✈ Aluminium Alloys – Car body panels, aircraft fuselage, engine parts. Titanium Alloys – Jet engines, landing gear, racing car components. Marine & Shipbuilding 🚢 Bronze (Copper-Tin Alloy) – Ship propellers, bearings, underwater fittings. Aluminium Alloys – Lightweight ship hulls, offshore structures. Electrical & Electronics ⚡ Copper Alloys – Electrical wiring, motor windings, circuit boards. Cupronickel – Electrical resistors, marine electronics, heat exchangers. ALUMINIUM ROOF SHEETS LANDING GEAR HEAT EXCHANGER

14. Conclusion Ferrous and non-ferrous alloys play a crucial role in modern industries due to their unique properties and diverse applications. Ferrous alloys (e.g., steel, cast iron) offer high strength, durability, and magnetic properties, making them ideal for construction, transportation, and heavy industries. Non-ferrous alloys (e.g., aluminum, copper, titanium, beryllium copper) provide corrosion resistance, lightweight properties, and high electrical conductivity, making them essential for aerospace, marine, medical, and electronic applications. The choice between ferrous and non-ferrous alloys depends on factors like strength, weight, conductivity, corrosion resistance, and application requirements. Advancements in material science and alloy development continue to enhance their performance, ensuring sustainable and efficient solutions for future industries.

15. References https://www.metaltek.com/blog/ferrous-vs-non-ferrous-metals/ https://fractory.com/ferrous-metals-non-ferrous-metals-with-examples/ https://www.vedantu.com/geography/ferrous-metals https://industrialmetalservice.com/metal-university/non-ferrous-metals-history-types-properties-applications-and-environmental-impact/?srsltid=AfmBOopsKvpXMnhn2Hz1IxsD6rj0KpghQnQXXZbShkjW5avEnf_cZFI7 https://www.metalsupermarkets.com/the-difference-between-ferrous-and-non-ferrous-metal/