Fertilizers and pesticides

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1. NAME - ABHINAV TRIVEDI CLASS - VIII B GROUP - PHOENIX TOPIC - FERTILIZERS & PESTISIDES

2. FERTILIZERS & PESTISIDES

3. FERTILIZERS :- FERTILIZERS :- A chemical or natural substance added to soil or land to increase its fertility is called fertilizers . Nitrogen phosphorus potassium

4. USES OF FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS IS UESD FOR HEALTHY AND BEST GROW OF PLANTS. FERTLIZERS CONTAIN SOME CHEMICAL THESE ARE:- NITROGEN:- IMPROVE GROWTH OF PLANTS. PHOSPHORUS:- Speeds up crop maturity and improves quality POTASSIUM:- Helps fight crop disease and improves quality

5. FERTILIZERS:- TYPES OF FERTILIZERS ORGANIC FERTILIZERS THESE COME FROM SOME BIOTIC SOURCES THAT CONTAINS ALL NUTRIENTS NECESSARY FOR PLANT GROW. MANURE , COMPOST, GUANO. INORGANIC FERTILIZERS THESE COME FROM THE PROCESSING OF PETROCHEMICALS AND USALLY CONTAION ONLY NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS & POTASSIUM. THERE ARE TWO MAIN CATEGORIES OF FERTILIZERS.

6. Organic Fertilizers Compost Decayed organic material used as a fertilizer for growing plants. Composting organisms require four equally important ingredients to work effectively : Carbon — for energy; the microbial oxidation of carbon produces the heat, if included at suggested levels . High carbon materials tend to be brown and dry. Nitrogen — to grow and reproduce more organisms to oxidize the carbon. Oxygen — for oxidizing the carbon, the decomposition process. Water — in the right amounts to maintain activity without causing anaerobic conditions .

7. Organic Fertilizers Manure animal dung used for fertilizing land. There are three main classes of manures used in soil management: Animal manure: is often a mixture of animal's feces and bedding straw . Human manure: Some people refer to human excreta as human manure, and the word "humanure" has also been used. Green manures: are crops grown for the express purpose of plowing them.

8. Organic Fertilizers Manure Uses of manure Animal manure, such as chicken manure and cow dung, has been used for centuries as a fertilizer for farming. Precautions Manure generates heat as it decomposes, and it is possible for manure to ignite spontaneously if stored in a very large pile. There is also a risk of insects carrying feces to food and water supplies, making them unsuitable for human consumption.

9. Organic Fertilizers Guano the excrement of seabirds and bats, used as fertilizer. an artificial fertilizer resembling natural guano, especially one made from fish. History The word "guano" originates from the Andean indigenous language Quechua, which refers to any form of dung used as an agricultural fertilizer . Archaeological evidence suggests that Andean people have collected guano from small islands and points located off the desert coast of Peru for use as a soil amendment for well over 1,500 years.

10. Organic Fertilizers Guano Properties In agriculture and gardening guano has a number of uses, including as: soil builder, lawn treatments, fungicide, nematicide and as composting activator. Sourcing The ideal type of guano is found in exceptionally dry climates, as rainwater volatilizes and leaches nitrogen-containing ammonia from guano.

11. Importance of organic fertilizers Nutrients are released slower and consistently. Soil nutrients that are already on the grounds are mobilized. Soil structure is vastly improved. Soil moisture is optimal. Topsoil erosion is better prevented. Local organic fertilizers are less costly than their artificial counterparts. No need to continually reapply fertilizers. Local organic fertilizers are less costly than their artificial counterparts .

12. Inorganic Fertilizers Nitrogen Nitrogen fertilizers are made from ammonia (NH3), which is sometimes injected into the ground directly . The ammonia is produced by the Haber-Bosch process . This ammonia is used as a feedstock for all other nitrogen fertilizers, such as anhydrous ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and urea (CO(NH2)2).

13. Inorganic Fertilizers Phosphate All phosphate fertilizers are obtained by extraction from minerals containing the anion PO43-. The most popular phosphate-containing minerals are referred to collectively as  phosphate rock. In the nitrophosphate process or Odda process (invented in 1927), phosphate rock with up to a 20% phosphorus (P) content is dissolved with nitric acid(HNO 3 ) to produce a mixture of phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ) and calcium nitrate (Ca(NO 3 ) 2 ).

14. Inorganic Fertilizers Potassium Potash is a mixture of potassium minerals used to make potassium fertilizers. Potash is soluble in water, so the main effort in producing this nutrient from the ore involves. In fact potash fertilizers are usually potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium carbonate.

15. Importance of inorganic fertilizers Fast Acting One advantage inorganic fertilizers offer is that they are fast acting . Precise Content Another advantage that inorganic fertilizers offer is the precise content of nutrients is guaranteed by law . Ease of Use Inorganic fertilizers also offer the advantage of coming in several easy-to-use formulations. Cost Because inorganic fertilizers are mass produced, they are less costly than organic fertilizers.

16. NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF FERTILIZERS The biggest issue facing the use of chemical fertilizers is groundwater contamination and it is cause of some dangerous diseases like stomach cancer.

17. What we can do about it? Knowing and understanding the effects of chemical fertilizers. Knowing how to protect our health is what counts . If you're on well-water have your water tested regularly by a reputable lab. Support organic and sustainable agriculture . Take part in safeguarding organic practices and standards.

18. PESTICIDES PESTICIDES- A substance used for destroying insects or other organisms harmful to cultivated plants or to animals .

19. TYPES OF PESTICIDES Insecticides- Insecticides are used to control insects. Matricides and Acaricides- Matricides or Acaricides are used to control mites and ticks. Fungicides- fungicides are used to control fungi which cause plant diseases. Herbicides- herbicides are used to control unwanted plants. Rodenticides- rodenticides are used to protect from rats, mice and other rodents.

20. USES OF PESTICIDES Pesticides normally used for protecting plants from weeds. DDT , sprayed on the walls of houses, is an organ chlorine that has been used to fight malaria since the 1950s .

21. Health effects of pesticides Health effects of pesticides may be acute or delayed in those who are exposed. According to The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, 9 of the 12 most dangerous and persistent chemicals are pesticides. Pesticides can cause some serious diseases like cancer, reproduction effects etc.

22. Environment effect of pesticides Pesticides can contribute to air pollution . pesticides were found to pollute every stream and over 90% of wells. Many of the chemicals used in pesticides are persistent soil contaminants. Nitrogen fixation, which is required for the growth of higher plants, is hindered by pesticides in soil . Many kinds of animals are harmed by pesticides, leading many countries to regulate pesticide usage through Biodiversity Action Plans.

23. Prevention from harmful pesticides There are six main way to prevent us from pesticides these are:- Buy organic and locally grown fruit and vegetables. Wash fruits and vegetables before eating. Know which fruits and vegetables have higher levels of pesticide residue . Grow your own produce . Use non-toxic methods for controlling insects in the home and garden . Have a ‘no shoes’ policy in your home.

24. B THE END & THANK YOU