Field events are a vital component of track

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Field Events in Track and Field Athletics
Field events are a vital component of track and field athletics, showcasing the diverse skills required for athletic excellence beyond running. They encompass disciplines that involve jumping, throwing, and vaulting, each requiring unique techniques, strength, and finesse. This essay will provide a comprehensive overview of field events, exploring their history, types, techniques, and the skills necessary for success in each.

History of Field Events
The origins of field events can be traced back to ancient civilizations where they were part of the athletic competitions held during festivals and religious ceremonies. For instance, ancient Greeks held the Olympic Games, which included events such as the discus throw and the javelin throw. These early forms of competition not only served as entertainment but also as a way to honor gods and showcase physical prowess.

As athletic competitions evolved, field events were formalized and standardized. The modern Olympic Games, revived in 1896, included many of the field events we recognize today. Over time, these events have undergone refinements in technique, equipment, and regulations, but they continue to honor their rich historical roots.

Types of Field Events
Field events in track and field can be broadly classified into four categories: throwing events, jumping events, combined events, and vaulting events. Each category tests different aspects of athletic ability and skill.

Throwing Events

Throwing events require athletes to project an object as far as possible or with precision. The primary throwing events are:

Shot Put: In this event, athletes throw a heavy spherical object (the shot) from a standing position within a 7-foot-diameter circle. The objective is to propel the shot as far as possible. Technique and strength are crucial, as athletes must use a combination of upper body power and precise movements to achieve maximum distance.

Discus Throw: Competitors throw a heavy disc-shaped object from a circular area. The discus must be spun and released within the sector to achieve a valid throw. Success in the discus throw requires a balance of speed, strength, and technique, as athletes need to spin the discus rapidly while maintaining control.

Javelin Throw: Athletes throw a long, slender spear (the javelin) from a marked area. Unlike other throwing events, the javelin is thrown with a running start. The athlete's technique, grip, and release angle significantly affect the distance of the throw.

Hammer Throw: In this event, athletes swing a heavy weight attached to a long wire around their head before releasing it into the throwing sector.
Hammer Throw: In this event, athletes swing a heavy weight attached to a long wire around their head before releasing it into the throwing sector.

Hammer Throw: In this event, athletes swing a heavy weight attached to a long wire around thei

1. FIELD EVENTS

2. GENERAL RULES Warm-up at the competition area once a competition has begun, athletes are not permitted to use, for practice purposes, as appropriate, a. runway or take-off area b. vaulting poles c. implements d. the circles or the ground within the sector

3. Markers 1 or 2 markers shall be placed alongside the runway; and 1 marker placed outside the throwing circle

4. the athlete shall compete in an order drawn by lot where there are 8 athletes or fewer, each athlete shall be allowed 6 trials, if more than one fail to achieve a valid trial during the first 3 rounds of trials, such athlete shall compete in subsequent rounds of trials in the same relative order. Competing order and trials

5. Recording of trials “O” valid jump “X” failure “ - ” pass Completion of trials the judge shall not raise a white flag to indicate a valid trial until a trial is completed in case of vertical jumps, once the judge has determined that there is no failure according to the rules. in case of horizontal jumps, once the athlete leaves the landing area in accordance with rule 185.2 in case of throwing events, once the athlete leaves the circle or runway in accordance with rule 187.17

6. Time allowed for trials (individual events) Number of athletes left in the competition High Jump Pole Vault Other More than 3 athletes (or for the very first trial of each trial) 0.5 min 1min 0.5 min 2 or 3 athletes 1.5min 2min 1min 1 3min 5min - Consecutive trials 2min 3min 2min

7. ( Combined events) Number of athletes left in the competition High Jump Pole Vault Other More than 3 athletes (or for the very first trial of each trial) 0.5 min 1min 0.5 min 2 or 3 athletes 1.5min 2min 1min 1 2min 3min 2min Consecutive trials 2min 3min 2min

8. VERTICAL JUMPS

9. TRIALS An athlete may commence jumping/vaulting at any height at his own discretion at any subsequent height. If an athlete forgoes a trial at a certain height he may not make any subsequent trial at that height, except in the case of jump-off for first place.

10. TRIALS Unless there is only one athlete remaining and he has won the competition the bar shall never be raised by less than 2cm in High jump and 5cm in Pole vault after each round of trial.

11. PLACINGS If two or more athletes clear the same final height, the procedure to decide the places will be the following: The athlete with the lowest number of jumps at the height last cleared shall be awarded the higher place. The athlete with the lowest total of failures throughout the competition up to and including the height last cleared, shall be awarded the higher place.

12. High jump athlete 1.25 1.30 1.35 1.40 1.45 1.48 1.51 1.54 failures No of Attempts at tied height best rank A o x - - o o - xo xxx B - - xo o o xxo o xxx C x- o xo xxo xo xo xxx D - o - o X- xo xxx E x- xo x- xxo xo o o xxx

13. High jump athlete 1.25 1.30 1.35 1.40 1.45 1.48 1.51 1.54 failures No of Attempts at tied height best rank A o x - - o o - xo xxx B - - xo o o xxo o xxx C x- o xo xxo xo xo xxx D - o - o X- xo xxx E x- xo x- xxo xo o o xxx 1.51

14. High jump athlete 1.25 1.30 1.35 1.40 1.45 1.48 1.51 1.54 failures Attempts at tied height best rank A o x - - o o - xo xxx B - - xo o o xxo o xxx C x- o xo xxo xo xo xxx D - o - o X- xo xxx E x- xo x- xxo xo o o xxx 1.51 1.51

15. High jump athlete 1.25 1.30 1.35 1.40 1.45 1.48 1.51 1.54 failures Attempts at tied height best rank A o x - - o o - xo xxx B - - xo o o xxo o xxx C x- o xo xxo xo xo xxx D - o - o X- xo xxx E x- xo x- xxo xo o o xxx 1.51 1.51 1.48

16. High jump athlete 1.25 1.30 1.35 1.40 1.45 1.48 1.51 1.54 failures Attempts at tied height best rank A o x - - o o - xo xxx B - - xo o o xxo o xxx C x- o xo xo xo xo xxx D - o - o x- xo xxx E x- xo x- xo xo o o xxx 1.51 1.51 1.48 1.48

17. High jump athlete 1.25 1.30 1.35 1.40 1.45 1.48 1.51 1.54 failures Attempts at tied height best rank A o x - - o xo - o xxx B - - xo o o xxo o xxx C x- o xo xxo xo xo xxx D - o - o X- xo xxx E x- o x- xo xo o o xxx 1.51 1.51 1.48 1.48 1.51 1 1 2 2 1 2 3 6 2 4 1 2 5 4 3

18. HIGH JUMP Athlete fails if: After the jump, the bar does not remain on the support because of the action of the athlete whilst jumping He touches the ground including the landing area beyond the vertical plain through the nearer edge of the crossbar, either between or outside the uprights with any part of his body, without first clearance the bar.

19. HORIZONTAL JUMPS

20. GENERAL CONDITIONS All jumps shall be measured from the nearest break in the landing area made by any part of the body to the take-off line, or take-off line extended. The measurement shall be taken perpendicular to the take-off line or its extension. Distances shall be recorded to the nearest 0.01m below the distance measured if the distance measured is not a whole centimeter

21. LONG / TRIPLE JUMP An athlete fails if, After taking off, touches the ground beyond the take-off line with any part of his body He takes off from outside either end of the board He employs any form of somersaulting After taking off, but before his first contact with the landing area, he touches the runway or the ground outside the landing area

22. In the course of landing, he touches the ground outside the landing area closer to the take-off line than the nearest break made in the sand When leaving the landing area, an athlete first contact by foot with the ground outside is closer to the take-off line than the nearest break made in the sand Triple Jump consist of a hop, step and a jump in that order.

23. THROWING EVENTS Hammer Shot put Discus Javelin

24. SPECIFICATIONS OF IMPLEMENTS IMPLEMENT Elem. Girls Sec. Girls Elem. Boys Sec. Boys Shot put 3.0 kg 4.0 kg 5.0 kg 6.0 kg Discus .75 kg 1.0 kg 1.50 kg 1.75 kg Hammer 3.0 kg 4.0 kg 5.0 kg 6.0 kg Javelin 300 g 600 g 400 g 700 g

25. ASSISTANCE TO ATHLETE NOT ALLOWED Taping of two or more fingers together, Use of any device of any kind, including weights attached to the body, The use of gloves except in the Hammer Throw, The spraying or spreading by an athlete of any substance in the circle or on his shoes nor the roughening of the surface of the circle.

26. ALLOWED The use by an athlete, in order to obtain a better grip, of a suitable substance on his hands only or in the case of a hammer thrower on his gloves. A shot putter may use such substance on their neck. The placement by an athlete, in the Shot Put and Discus Throw, on the implement, chalk or a similar substance

27. DISCUS THROWING CIRCLE

28. SHOT PUT SECTOR

29. STOP BOARD

30. JAVELIN RUNWAY AND THROWING SECTOR

31. LONG JUMP and TRIPLE JUMP LAYOUT

32. HIGH JUMP MEASUREMENT

33. TRIALS It shall be a failure if an athlete in the course of a trial; a. After he has stepped into the circle and begun to make a throw, touches with any part of his body the top of the rim or the ground outside the circle, b. In the Shot Put, touches with any part of his body any part of the of the stop board other than its inner side

34. TRIALS c. In the Javelin Throw, touches with any part of his body the lines which mark the runway or the ground outside. It shall be a failure, If the implement in contacting the ground when it first lands, touches the sector line, the ground or any object outside the sector line. If the athlete leaves the circle or runway before the implement has touched the ground

35. TRIALS An athlete may interrupt a trial once started, may lay the implement down inside or outside the circle or runway and may leave it, provided that no other rules have been infringed. ( all the moves shall be included in the maximum time for a trial given)

36. MEASUREMENT S From the nearest mark made by the fall of the shot, discus and hammer head, to the inside of the circumference of the circle along a line to the centre of the circle. In the Javelin Throw, from where the head of the Javelin first struck the ground to the inside edge of the arc, along a line to the centre of the circle of which the arc is part

37. SHOT PUT The shot shall be put from the shoulder with one hand only. At the time an athlete takes a stance in the circle to commence a put, the shot shall touch or be in close proximity to the neck or the chin and the hand shall not be dropped below his position during the action of putting.

38. JAVELIN It shall be held at the grip The throw shall be valid only if the tip of the metal head strikes the ground before any other part of the javelin Until the javelin has been thrown, an athlete shall not at any time turn completely around, so that his back is towards the throwing arc.

39. RESOLVING TIES athlete Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 Round 4 Round 5 Round 6 Best Place A 9.57 X 10.5 8.53 10.0 X B 10.5 9.57 X 8.13 9.57 8.34 C 7.24 8.63 9.57 X 10.0 7.01 D 8.5 8.52 9.01 X 9.0 6.87 E X 8.52 9.00 9.32 8.12 8.67 SHOT PUT 10.0 10.5 10.5 9.57 10.5 10.5 10.0 9.01 9.32 1 2 3 4 5 10.0 9.01 9.32

40. Thank you!