Filtration decantation and crystallization

Detail about Filtration decantation and crystallization

1. Name : Areej Arif Roll no: 07 Filtration DECANTATION Crystallization

2. Filtration Filtration is the process of separating suspended solid matter from a liquid, by causing the latter to pass through the pores of a membrane, called a filter . The liquid which has passed through the filter is called the  filtrate .

3. Filter paper is a semi-permeable paper barrier placed perpendicular to a liquid or air flow. It is used to separate fine solid particles from liquids or gases. Filter paper

4. Making tea is an example of filtration. While preparing tea, a filter or a sieve is used to separate tea leaves from the water.  Through the sieve pores, only water will pass. The liquid which has obtained after filtration is called the filtrate; in this case, water is the filtrate. The filter can be a paper, cloth, cotton-wool, asbestos, slag- or glass-wool, unglazed earthenware, sand, or any other porous material. Example

5. The kidneys are the example of biological filter. Blood is filtered by the glomerulus. Essential molecules are reabsorbed back into the blood. Example 2

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7. Decantation

8. Its the process of separation of liquid from solid and other immiscible (non-mixing) liquids, by removing the liquid layer at the top from the layer of solid or liquid below . The process can be carried out by tilting the mixture after pouring out the top layer. DECANTATION

9. A piece of glassware called a decanter is used to perform decantation.

10. Separating liquid and solid Allowing the solids to settle to the bottom of the mixture and pouring off the particle-free part of the liquid. Method Make a mixture of sand and water. Allow the mixture to stand for some time. Decant the liquid from the beaker into another beaker.

11. Separating two or more liquid Allowing two immiscible liquids (are those which won't mix to give a single phase) to separate and the lighter liquid is poured or drain off .

12. Method Mixture of water and oil is present in a beaker; a distinctive layer between the two consistencies is formed, with the oil layer moving on top of the water layer. This separation can be done by pouring oil out of the container, leaving water behind. Generally, this technique gives an incomplete separation as it is difficult to pour off the entire top layer without pouring out some parts of the bottom layer.

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14. Crystallization

15. Crystallization Crystallization or crystallization is the process by which a solid forms, where the atoms or molecules are highly organized into a structure known as a crystal. 

16. Examples The crystallization of water to form ice cubes and snow. The crystallization of honey when it is placed in a jar and exposed to suitable conditions. The deposition of gemstone crystals.

17. Process

18. Types of crystallization Crystallization occurs when the solubility of a solute in solution is reduced by some means. Common methods to reduce solubility include: Cooling crystallization: The cooling crystallization can be applied when the solubility gradient of the solution increases steeply with falling temperature or when a vaporization of the solvent has to be avoided. Evaporative crystallization: Generating crystals by evaporating a solution at const. temperature • Most of the industrial crystallizers are evaporative

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