For the Year Ended December 31, 20XX
FIFO Averaging LIFO
Sales $ 55,000 $ 55,000 $ 55,000
Cost of goods sold 38,900 36,891 34,900
Gross profit $ 16,100 $ 18,109 $ 20,100
Other expenses 15,000 15,000 15,000
Income before taxes $ 1,100 $ 3,109 $ 5,100
Income taxes 330 933 1,530
Net income $ 770 $ 2,176 $ 3,570
LIFO gives rise to the highest net income in this case. Under FIFO, the oldest costs flow into COGS
before the most recent costs. Under LIFO, the most recent costs flow into COGS before the older costs.
Under the averaging method, all the costs are averaged to determine COGS. In this case, the cost of the
inventory is decreasing, so the LIFO cost flow assumption uses lower, newer costs in computing COGS
than the other two methods. Since these lower costs flow into COGS under LIFO, the older, higher costs
flow into ending inventory.
P7–5
a. Cost of Goods Available for Sale = Cost of Goods in Beginning Inventory + Cost of
Goods Purchased
= (500 units x $70) + (1,000 units $75) + (3,000 units
$80) + (4,000 units $82)
= $678,000
Number of Units Available for Sale = Number of Units in Beginning Inventory + Number
of Units Purchased
= 500 + 8,000
= 8,500 units
Units Sold = 6,000 units
Units remaining in Inventory = 2,500 units
FIFO:
Ending Inventory = 2,500 units $82
= $205,000
Cost of Goods Sold = Cost of Goods Available for Sale – Ending Inventory
= $678,000 – $205,000
= $473,000
LIFO:
Ending Inventory = (500 units $70) + (1,000 units x $75) + (1,000 units x $80)
= $190,000
Cost of Goods Sold = Cost of Goods Available for Sale – Ending Inventory
= $678,000 – $190,000
= $488,000
Averaging: