fingerprint patterns-short lecture..pptx

Fingerprint Identification

1. F I N G E R P R I N T P A T T E R N S Researched and Presented by DR. JEZREEL B. VICENTE, CCS, CSP Degrees: BS.Crim -PLTC; MS.Crim -UB; Ph.DCrim – PCCr . Certified Security Professional:CSP – (PSIS-PADPAO-Manila) Specialist on Dactyloscopy (FIRST Network & PCAP - Baguio City) Specialist on Q.D.E. (WUP, CHEDRO 3 – Cabanatuan City) Specialist on Police Photography (WUP, CHEDRO 3 – Cabanatuan City) Specialist on Ballistics (UNP, CHEDRO 1 – Vigan City) Specialist on Ballistics (WUP, CHEDRO 3 – Cabanatuan City) Trained First Aider and Rescuer (NV PNRC, PDCC and BFP) Graduate of Basic and Advance ROTC (MS 11-22; MS 31-42) Author- Dactyloscopy : A Textbook on Fingerprints Identification (2010) Co-author: Fundamentals of Criminal Investigation (2011) Former Faculty of PLTC- Bayombong & IFSU (ISCAF)- Lamut Review Lecturer of 16 Criminology Schools in the Philippines Faculty, University of Baguio ( BSCrim , MSCrim & Ph.DCrim Programs)

2. THE CATEGORIES or FAMILIES OF FINGERPRINTS: Family of loop – composed of 60% frequency. Family of whorl - composed of 35% frequency. Family of arch - composed of 5% frequency.

3. LOOP PATTERNS FREQUENCY: Radial Loop – is composed of 6%. Ulnar Loop – is composed of 94%. ARCH PATTERNS FREQUENCY: Plain Arch – is composed of 60%. Tented Arch – is composed of 40%.

4. WHORL PATTERNS FREQUENCY: Plain Whorl - is composed of 71%. Central Pocket Loop Whorl - is composed of 13%. Double Loop Whorl - is composed of 13%. Accidental Whorl - is composed of 3%.

5. The 8 Fingerprint Patterns

6. 1. Plain arch (A) - a pattern in which the ridges enter on one side of the pattern then flow toward the other side, with a rise at the center . Plain arch is the most simple of all fingerprint patterns.

7. 2. Tented arch (T) - a fingerprint pattern where majority of the ridges form an arch and one or more ridges at the center shape a tent in outline giving an angle of 90 degrees or less or one with an upward thrust having an angle of 45% or more, or a pattern similar to a loop but lacking one or two of its essential elements. Tented Arches are a variety of the arch family, but their ridge formations are not as simple as those of a plain arch. Considered “ Transitional Pattern ” between a plain arch and a loop.

8. REQUISITES OF A LOOP: After having an idea of how a loop pattern is formed, let us look at the more technical aspect of the formation of a loop pattern. An impression to be considered a loop must possess the following elements: It must have a delta; It must have a core; It must have a recurving ridge that passes between the core and delta; and It must have ridge count of atleast one.

9. 3. Radial Loop (R) - a fingerprint pattern that has a downward slope or slanting of the ridges towards the direction of the thumb either to the right or left hand. RIGHT HAND

10. 4. Ulnar Loop (U) - a fingerprint pattern where the direction of the ridges flows towards the little finger side of either right or left hand. The term Ulnar came from the Greek term “ Ulna ” which means little finger bone. LEFT HAND

11. OTHER TYPES OF LOOP: Plain Loop – the ridges in this pattern make a backward turn arranging themselves in the form of a hairpin or staple . Converging Loops – the ridges of this pattern converge sharply to give the pattern a possible whorl like appearance. Nutant Loop – the ridges of this pattern conform to the explanation of the plain loop but additionally the looping ridges bent over and drops towards the delta.

12. 5. Plain Whorl (W) – a fingerprint pattern consisting of two deltas and in which at least one ridge makes a turn through one complete circuit of 360 degrees. An imaginary line drawn between the two deltas must touch or cross at least one of the recurving ridges within the pattern area. Elongated or Oval whorl if the ridges inside form elongated or oval shaped appearance. Spiral or Circular whorl when the circuiting ridges form circular or ridges that spirals around the pattern or any formation as variant of circle.

13. REQUISITES OF PLAIN WHORL: It must have a complete circuit; It must have atleast two deltas; and Atleast one circuiting ridge is touched or crossed by an imaginary line traversing the two deltas.

14. 6. Central Pocket Loop Whorl (C) a fingerprint pattern which possesses two deltas, with one or more ridges forming a complete circuit which may be oval, spiral, circular, or any variant of a circle. Sometimes called a composite pattern , which means that it is made up of two (2) patterns in one, a whorl inside loop .

15. REQUISITES OF CENTRAL POCKET LOOP WHORL There must be atleast one recurving ridge that rises at right angle. It must have atleast two deltas There must be no whorl ridge that touches the imaginary line drawn between the two deltas.

16. 7. Double Loop Whorl (D) A fingerprint pattern consisting of two separate and distinct loop formations with two sets of shoulders, and two deltas. Double loop whorl is also called composite pattern because of the presence of two loops in one pattern.

17. REQUISITES OF DOUBLE LOOP WHORL: There must be two separate loop formations There must be two separate and distinct sets of shoulders There must be two or more cores and deltas.

18. TYPES OF DOUBLE LOOP WHORL: “S” type pattern – a double loop formation where ridges form two loops and form an “S” appearance between the two loops. Interlocking type pattern – a double loop pattern that are formed opposite from each other and interlocks its ridges. Twinned loop type pattern – a double loop pattern that possesses two well defined loops where ridges embraced each other. This pattern does not require that the two loops must be of the same size or length.

19. 8. Accidental Whorl (X) – a fingerprint pattern consisting of a combination of two different patterns such as: A combination of a loop and any whorl But it cannot be the combination of an arch with any other pattern.

20. SUMMARY Categories of fingerprints: Loops Whorls Arches Ulnar loop- ridges flows towards the little fingerside . Radial Loop – ridges flows towards the thumbside . Composite patterns are : double loop whorl; central pocket loop whorl and accidental whorl.

21. Question 1: In the crime scene, a latent print was found by you as one of the SOCO personnel. The general pattern of the latent print is known as _____: Ulnar loop Radial Loop Loop Either A or B

22. Question 2. The pattern that may consist of 3 or more deltas is _____. W X D C

23. Question 3. In order to interpret the pattern of a latent print from the crime scene, what is needed? Ten prints of the suspect/s Criminal Fingerprint card Magnifying lens Some of the above

24. Question 4. Which is not related to the group? Elongated whorl Circular whorl Oval whorl Plain whorl

25. Question 5. If a pattern is called “composite,” it best means that ____. A loop and a whorl in one A loop inside a whorl pattern in one A combination of two loops in one A combination of two patterns in one

26. Congratulations, you may now proceed to next topic