Finite and Non-finite Verbs

Finite and Non-finite Verbs

1. FINITE AND NON FINITE VERBS By – GEETIKA MATHUR

2. FINITE VERBS DEPEND NON FINITE VERBS DON’T DEPEND FINITE VERBS NON -FINITE VERBS

3. A verb which is limited by the number or the person of its subject and also on the tense of the subject . The form of verb depends on its subject. Example : They play football. (Plural Subject- Plural Verb) He plays football. ( Singular Subject- Singular Verb ) You are playing football. (Present Continous tense) She was playing football. (Past Continuous tense) FINITE VERBS

4. Non finite verbs donot change their form even when the person or the number of the subject changes nor on the tense of the sentence. Examples : They want to eat something delicious. She wants to eat something delicious He wants to play football. They want to play football. They want to eat eggs for breakfast. NON FINITE VERBS

5. TYPES OF NON FINITE VERBS

6. Infinitive are of two types : SIMPLE- When inifinitive is used as Noun, it is called Simple Infinitive. GERUNDIAL-When infinitive is used as adjective or adverb , it is called Gerundial Infinitive. IS A NON-FINITE VERB IS GENERALLY PRECEDED BY ‘TO’ IS A VERB THAT IS USED LIKE A NOUN, ADJECTIVE, OR ADVERB.

7. When inifinitive is used as Noun, it is called Simple Infinitive. USE OF SIMPLE INFINITIVES : 1. As SUBJECT To read is a good habbit To find fault is easy. 2. As Object to verb I like to play. He likes to read. 3. As complement to verb His greatest pleasure is to swim. His intention is to sing. Simple Infinitives

8. He is too weak to move . She is old enough to get married. Use of infinitive with ‘too’ and ‘enough’

9. It is our duty to respect our elders. (To respect our elders is our duty) It is difficult to live without pure water. (To live without pure water is difficult) It is illegal to detain a women in night. (To detain a women in night is illegal) Use of infinitive with dummy ‘It’

10. I don’t know what to say . Tell me where to go. I wonder who to call . Do you know how to swim . Use of infinitive with Wh words

11. When infinitives are used adjective or adverb. Examples : We eat to live . (To modify a verb) This wine is pleasant to drink . (To modify as adjective) Gerundial Infinitive

12. To is not used after auxiliary verbs shall, will, must,dare,could,might,need , can , may,should Except : Ought and used Examples : I should write. He should write. I can do it. I ought to go. I used to play cricket in the morning. Bare Infinitives

13. In active voice ‘To’ is not used with hear , see, make , Feel , watch, know I heard her sing. I watch her go. She made me fool. To is not used after ‘Let’ I let her sleep. Let them play. Let him come. To is not used in negative and interrogative with ‘need’ and ‘dare’ I need not go. Dare you act like her.

14. Gerund is the ‘ ing ’ form of verb which is used as a Noun. It is also called as Verbal Noun. Examples : Running is a good way to keep fit. The boys were tired of running . He seemed to be interested in fighting . I like reading books. As both Gerund and Infinitive have the force of a Noun and a Verb , they has same uses. Thus either of them may be used in a sentence with not much difference in meaning. Teach me to swim . Teach me swimming .

15. A Participle is that form of the verb which has characteristics of an adjective and a verb. Participle are of three types :

16. Present participle : 1 st form of verb + ing Present participle ends with ing and represents an action as going on or incomplete. Present Participle Example : we met a girl carrying a basket of flowers. It was a tiring journey. The blind man, thinking all was save , tried to cross the road.

17. Part participle use third form of verb and is usually ends in – ed , -d, -t,-en or –n. It indicates about the completion of task in past. Past Participle Examples : She looks tired. The candidate selected for this post is my brother. Driven by hunger , she stole an apple. The house was burnt . He gave a written complaint.

18. Those participle which indicates the ending of a task and after that the starting of a new task are perfect participle. Perfect participle - having + past participle having been + past participle Example: having done, having seen, having finished Perfect Participle Examples Having finished my work, I went to the market. Having passed the examination, he prepared for interview. Having completed his project, he went for the picnic.

19. THANK YOU