FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE PROTECTION SAFETY TRAINING PPT

Fire Safety

1. WEL COME

2. Basic Fire Safety & Emergency Evacuation 2

3. 1 What is Fire.? 2 Types of Fire 7 Emergency Evacuation 3 Fire Fighting Equipment 5 Fire Prevention & Fire Protection 4 Fire Fighting Method 6 Fire Alarm System 8 General Requirements Presentation Outlines 3

4. 01. What is Fire.? Fire is a chemical reaction of three components: Oxygen Fuel Heat 4

5. Fire Triangle or Combustion Triangle is a sample model for understanding the necessary ingredients for fire. Fire Triangle 5

6. Fire Tetrahedron Fire tetrahedron can be describe as pyramid which is solid having four faces: Oxygen Fuel Heat Chemical Reaction 6

7. The Spread of Fire Direct contact - in their early stage, fires spread most entirely by contact of flame to combustible object. Conduction – transferred of heat through solid materials. 7

8. The Spread of Fire Convection – transferred of heat by air movement, hot air rises due to reduced density Radiation – heat transferred from one surface to another across the space 8

9. 4 STAGES OF FIRE Incipient Or Ignition Growth F u 3 l l y Developed Decay 9

10. Cooking Equipment's Smoking Electrical Distribution Equipment's Electrical Appliances Oil, Kerosene. Petrol & Lubricants Gas Leakages Heating Equipment's Pow er Storages Explosives Common Causes of Fire 10

11. END CHAPTTER 01 11

12. 02. Classification of Fire CLASS - A : Combustible solid like Wood, Paper, Plastic, etc. CLASS - B : Flammable Liquids & Greases, Diese l, etc . CLASS - C : Involving Electrical fire. Flammable gas CLASS - D : Metal Fires like aluminium, etc. CLASS - K : Involving kitchen fire. 12

13. END CHAPTTER 02 13

14. Fire Fighting Equipment 1 Fire Beater 2 Fire Bucket 7 Fire Hydrant 3 Fire Blanket 5 Fire Ball 4 Fire Extinguisher 6 Fire Hose Reel 8 Fire Sprinkler 14

15. Fire Fighting Equipment 01. Fire Beater 02. Fire Bucket A simple tool for fighting wildfires, consisting of a piece of rubber at the end of a pole. A Fire Bucket is filled with sand or water and is used to extinguish fires. 15

16. Fire Fighting Equipment 03. Fire Blanket 04. Fire Ball A sheet of flexible material, typically woven fiberglass , used to smother a fire in an emergency. A round- shaped fire extinguisher that self- activates after about three to five seconds of fire exposure. 16

17. Fire Fighting Equipment 05. Fire Hose 06. Fire Hydrant Fire hose reel is a flexible pipe that is rolled and has a direct connection to the water. Fire hydrants are used to extinguish and control the spread of fire. 17

18. Fire Fighting Equipment 07. Sprinklers 06. Extinguisher Fire sprinkler system is an automatic extinguishing system that prevent fire growth. Fire extinguisher is a portable or movable apparatus used to put out a small. 18

19. Fire Fighting Equipment Types of Extinguisher & Color Code & Uses Water W. C Foam CO2 DCP CLASS- A,B CLASS- A,B,C CLASS- A,K CLASS- A C L A S X S - B,C C L A X S S - C CLASS- B,C C L A S X S - A,D 19

20. Fire Fighting Equipment P Fire Extinguisher Operating Procedure A S S Pull the safety pin Aim the target Squeeze the trigger Sweep side by side HSE KARNAL 20

21. Fire Fighting Equipment Fire Extinguisher Using TIPs Check for your own safety before starting to extinguish a fire. Assess the fire only a small fire should be fought using a fire extinguisher Select the right type of fire extinguisher. Remember the simple acronym P.A.S.S. : Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep, Always try to work in pair for safety. Target the base of the fire not the flame. If fire extinguished at first sight, stay ready for re- ignition. Keep minimum 8- 10 feet distance from fire during use fire extinguisher. 21

22. Fire Fighting Equipment Fire Sprinkler Types & Color Code Open Fire Sprinkler: Sprinkler that is not equipped with actuator or heat response element. Closed Fire Sprinkler: Sprinkler that is equipped with actuator or heat response element. 23

23. Fire Fighting Equipment Fire Sprinkler Types & Color Code 57 C/ 135 F 68 C / 155 F 79 C / 175 F 93 C / 200 F 141 C / 286 F 182 C / 360 F NOTE: Quick Response - 3MM bulb, Standard Response - 5MM bulb 24

24. Fire Fighting Equipment Types of Hose Delivery Hose Suction Hose Hose Reel Hose Percolating Hose Hard Suction Non- Percolate Partially Embedded Soft Suction Fully Embedded 25

25. Fire Fighting Equipment Type of Hose Percolating: Dimension- 38,50,63,70 mm Length- 15,22.5,30 meter. Non- Percolating: Dimension- 38,50,63,70 mm Length- 15,22.5,30 meter. Hose Reel Hose: Dimension- 19 mm Length- 30 to 60 meter. Soft Suction: Dimension- 102, 127 mm Length- 8 to 15 meter. Partially Embedded: Dimension- 75, 100,140 mm Length- 2.5 to 3 meter. Fully Embedded: Dimension- 75, 100,140 mm Length- 2.5 to 3 meter. 26

26. END CHAPTTER 03 27

27. Fire Extinguishing Method Starvation 01 Smothering 02 Cooling 03 28

28. Fire Extinguishing Method Starvation Starvation is the process of depriving the fire from fuel. i.e. combustible materials. Or Remove fuel from fire. 29

29. Fire Extinguishing Method Smothering Smothering is the process of depriving the fire of oxygen needed to sustain the fire. Or Remove Oxygen from fire. HSE KARNAL 30

30. Fire Extinguishing Method Cooling Cooling is the process of depriving the fire of Heat e.g. by applying a substance such as water that will absorb heat from the fire. Or Remove heat from fire. 31

31. END CHAPTTER 04 32

32. Fire Prevention & Fire Protection Fire Prevention: It is a proactive steps taken to reduce fire hazards so that a fire does not have a chance to ignite. Fire Protection: It is a reactive approach which minimize potential damage or loss. 33

33. Fire Prevention & Fire Protection Fire Prevention Fire safety plan (approved) Risk assessment (update every 6 month) Workplace Inspections (daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly) Fire safety trainings (induction, annually) Regular fire drills Preventive maintenance (as per requirements) Housekeeping Management Material Management (5-S Technique) 34

34. Fire Prevention & Fire Protection 02. Fire Protection Active Fire Protection: Active fire protection system is detect and extinguish a fire. This can be either manual or automatic. Passive Fire Protection: Passive fire protection system will help to prevent fire from spreading or resist the initial ignition. 35

35. Fire Prevention & Fire Protection Active Fire Protection Passive Fire Protection Smoke and heat alarm Manual Call Point Fire Sprinklers Fire extinguishers Fire hydrants Video monitoring Etc. Compartment Fire proofing Fire door Fire wall Fire Stopper Fire Curtain / Baffle Etc. 36

36. END CHAPTTER 05 37

37. Fire Alarm System Fire Alarm Control Panel: A fire panel is a safety appliance that receives information from devices designed to detect and report fires, monitor their operational integrity. 38

38. Fire Alarm System Types of Fire Alarm System Conventional fire Panel: Every device on the same circuit would report the same. Addressable fire Panel: It indicate the exact location of fire or smoke. 39

39. Fire Alarm System Fire Detectors Fire Detectors: A device which can detect a fire, and provide a signal to an alarm circuit. Fire detectors are different types; Smoke Detectors Heat Detectors Flame Detectors 40

40. Fire Alarm System 1.Smoke Detector Types of Fire Detectors Ionization SD Photoelectric SD Light Scattering Light Obstruction 41

41. 2. Heat Detector Fixed Temp HD Rate Of Rise HD Fire Alarm System Types of Fire Detectors 42

42. 3. Flame Detector IR Detector UV Detector Fire Alarm System Types of Fire Detectors 43

43. Fire Alarm System Manual Call Point It is a device used to initiate an alarm signal . They operate by means of a simple button press or when glass is broken revealing a button. They can form part of a manual alarm system or an automatic alarm system. MCP activation is typically achieved through the use of a pull station or call point which then sounds the evacuation alarm for the relevant building or zone. 44

44. Fire Alarm System Types of MCP Manual Call Point Push Type MCP Glass Break MCP Pull Type MCP 45

45. END CHAPTTER 06 46

46. Fire Evacuation Procedure Action on Hearing Alarm Don’t panic and be calm. Stop any activity immediately and prepare to leave the room. Turn off all ignition sources such as AC, Equipment. Evacuate the room to nearest safe assembly area. Remain in the assembly area (in group) until instructed to leave. After the all clear alarm you may continue your work. 47

47. Fire Evacuation Procedure Assembly Area Checklist All the employee assemble at their designated assembly area. Assembly area far enough away from flying glass and other objects Head count of Employees is done and reported to ERT head. Injured are informed to the ERT Team. Access to emergency vehicles are not hindered Remain in the group until further notice. Do not re enter in building without permission. 48

48. Fire Evacuation Procedure Emergency Reporting Call 108/101 and say this is an emergency. Describe the incident location. Describe the nature of incident. Report injuries if any. Give you name, badge number and contact. Repeat the above information. Stay on the line until further instructed. 49

49. Rescue – rescue who is in immediate danger. Alert – Activate fire alarm (or) Dial emergency phone number. Contain/Confine – Close all doors and windows when evacuate, Extinguish/ Evacuate – Extinguish if small fires, if not then evacuate. R A C E RACE Method Fire Evacuation Procedure 50

50. Fire Evacuation Procedure Duties of ERT All Fire Equipment's are always in working condition. Any deviation needs to be reported to Facilities/Security Team. ERT should know the locations of Fire Extinguishers and their handling techniques ERT is to help Security/Fire Team in case of any Fire incident. ERT needs to ensure that emergency situations are handled peacefully and authoritatively without any stampede. ERT should know the details of Handicap person(s) and their workstation and contact details. While evacuation of employees, priority to be given to disabled employees, pregnant ladies and visitors. 51

51. Fire Evacuation Procedure Duties of ERT ERT assess the situation at the scene itself. If situation is not risky and can be controlled without any human safety risk then control same. In case situation warrants to evacuate the building, start evacuation with assistance of team members and simultaneously inform ERT Leader/Office Head for assistance or guidance. Follow the instructions of ERT Leader/Office Head and handle it appropriately. 52

52. Don’t run – it will make the fire Get down onto the floor Roll over - this will put the flames worse! out 1 2 3 If your clothes are on fire: Fire Evacuation Procedure 53

53. END CHAPTTER 07 54

54. Fire Safety General Requirements Storage of flammable and combustible materials shall be minimum Incompatible materials (flammable and oxidizer) shall not be stored together Vegetation (weeds &grass)shall kept down Minimum clearance of 0.6m or 2ft shall be maintained between the ceiling and the top level of any stocked material below Minimum 0.5m or 1.5ft clearance between top level of stocked material and sprinkler head Temporary wiring shall be installed according to the provision of NFPA 70. Electrical equipment should be regularly checked 55

55. GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters) shall be provided where required. Smoking is permitted only in designated “Smoking Area” Open fires or open burning of materials are strictly prohibited. Proper bonding & grounding techniques shall be used for any operation. Trained and certified Fire Watch should be present all the at hot work area. Monthly inspection of all FACP and Fire Fighting equipment. CO2 fire extinguisher is prohibited to use in Confined Space. Fire Safety General Requirements 56

56. END CHAPTTER 08 57

57. QUIZ..? 58

58. THANK YOU 59