Fire resistant materials

FIRE RESISTANT MATERIALS

1. FIRE RESISTANT MATERIALS SUBMITTED BY:- RIDDHESH RAJENDRA VARIK 15SA31 T.Y.B.ARCH ST.WILFRED’S INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTURE

2. INDEX SR.NO TITLE PG.NO 1 BRICKS 2 TIMBER 3 CONCRETE 4 MINERAL WOOL 5 GYPSUM BOARD 6 ASBESTOS SHEETS 7 PERLITE BOARDS 8 CALCIUM SILICATE BOARDS

3. BRICKS It is found that bricks are not seriously affected until very high temperature of 1200 C to 1300 C are reached. This is due to the fact that a brick is a poor conductor of heat ,If the type of mortar and quality of workmanship are good, brick masonry generally offers good resistance to fire. 1

4. TIMBER As a general rule, structural elements made of timber ignite and get rapidly destroyed in case of fire. Further, they add to the intensity of fire. But timber used in heavy sections may attain a high degree of fire-resistance because timber is a very bad conductor of heat In order to make timber more fire resistant, the surfaces of timber are sometimes coated with certain chemicals such as ammonium phosphate and sulphate, borax and boric acid, zinc chloride, etc. such a treatment on timber surfaces retards the rise of temperature during fire . 2

5. CONCRETE Concrete has got very good fire resistance. The actual behaviour of concrete in case of fire depends upon the quality of cement and aggregates used. In case of reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete, it also depends upon the position of steel. Larger the concrete cover, better is the fire resistance of the member. There is no loss in strength in concrete when it is heated up to 250°C. The reduction in strength starts if the temperature goes beyond 250°C. Normally reinforced concrete structures can resist fire for about one hour at a temperature of 1000°C. Hence cement concrete is ideally used fire resistant material 3

6. Mineral wool Mineral wool is a general name for fibre materials that are formed by spinning or drawing molten minerals (or " synthetic minerals " such as slag and ceramics ). [ 1] Applications of mineral wool include thermal insulation (as both structural insulation and pipe insulation , though it is not as fire-resistant as high-temperature insulation wool ), filtration , soundproofing , and hydroponic growth medium. Heat resistance of mineral wool Material Temperature Glass wool 230 – 260 °C Stone wool 700 – 850 °C Ceramic fiber wool 1200 °C 4

7. GYPSUM BOARD Gypsum board is the premier building material for wall, ceiling, and partition systems in residential, institutional, and commercial structures and is designed to provide a monolithic surface when joints and fastener heads are covered with a joint treatment system. One principal advantage of gypsum board over plywood, hardboard, and fibreboard is its strong fire resistance. Gypsum products also provide sound control, economy, versatility, quality, and convenience. Gypsum Board – defined in ASTM C 11, Standard Terminology Relating to Gypsum and Related Building Materials and Systems, as “the generic name for a family of sheet products consisting of a non-combustible core primarily of gypsum with paper surfacing.” Gypsum board may be further described as follows: Regular Gypsum Board – a gypsum board with naturally occurring fire resistance from the gypsum in the core; or Type X Gypsum Board – a gypsum board with special core additives to increase the natural fire resistance of regular gypsum board. 5

8. ASBESTOS CEMENT SHEET It is a building material in which asbestos fibres are used to reinforce thin rigid cement sheets. Advertised as a fireproof alternative to other roofing materials such as asphalt , asbestos-cement roofs were popular not only for safety but also for affordability. 6

9. PERLITE BOARDS Perlite is an amorphous volcanic glass that has a relatively high water content, typically formed by the hydration of obsidian . It occurs naturally and has the unusual property of greatly expanding when heated sufficiently. Perlite softens when it reaches temperatures of 850–900 °C (1,560–1,650 °F). In the construction and manufacturing fields, it is used in lightweight plasters , concrete and mortar (masonry) , insulation and ceiling tiles. [ 7

10. CALCIUM SILICATE Calcium silicate is commonly used as a safe alternative to asbestos for high-temperature insulation materials It is used in passive fire protection and fireproofing as calcium silicate brick or in roof tiles. While the best possible reaction to fire classifications are A1 (construction applications) and A1Fl (flooring applications) respectively, both of which mean "non-combustible" according to EN 13501-1: 2007, as classified by a notified laboratory in Europe, some calcium-silicate boards only come with fire classification of A2 (limited combustibility) or even lower classifications (or no classification), if they are tested at all. 8