Fire Safety Draft Only For editingg.pptx

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1. FIRE SAFETY AND AWARENESS

2. WHAT IS FIRE? Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material (the fuel) in the exothermic chemical process of combustion, releasing heat, light, and various reaction products.

3. Characteristics of FIRE? FAST DARK HOT Doubles its size every 30 seconds. A small fire can produce enough smoke to fill a building in minutes. Air temperature in a burning room can reach 300 degrees Celsius.

4. Theories of Combustion

5. (Reducing Agent) - Fuel is the material or substance being burned in the combustion process.

6. (Oxidizing agent)- Oxidizing agent are those materials that yield oxygen or other oxidizing gases during the process of chemical reaction. Oxidizers are not themselves combustible, but they support combustion when combined with a fuel.

7. IGNITION SOURCE (Temperature)- Heat is the energy component of the fire tetrahedron. When heat comes in contact with a fuel, the energy supports the combustion process.

8. Fire Tetrahedron - The fourth element of the tetrahedron explanation is known as chemical reactivity, or chemical reaction.

9. STAGES OF FIRE IGNITION STAGE Point wherein the fire start, plenty of oxygen, little heat and smoke.

10. GROWTH STAGE Temperature and smoke level increases, hot gasses rise to the ceiling and spreads outward the walls, smoke layer is getting thicker and fire is starting to spread.

11. FULLY DEVELOPED STAGE Maximum amount of heat is released, volume of fire is dependent of the number and size of ventilation openings.

12. DECAY STAGE Intensity of fire decrease due to lack of available fuel, most fuel consumed.

13. Types of Heat transmission 13 3. Convection – the transmission of heat by the moving currents of liquid gas. 1. Conduction – transmission of heat through an object/medium or conductor, such as pipe, metal, or even wall. 2. Radiation – the transmission through the discharge and spread of heat from a heated or burning source. This radiation takes place through the air or through space that cause another flammable object to ignite. 4. Flame Contact – heat maybe conducted from one body to another by direct flame contact.

14. 14 Classification of fires Natural Accidental Intentional Based on Cause

15. Class D Class C Class K Class A Class B Classification of fires Based on Burning Fuel

16. What is a fire extinguisher? 16 It is a mechanical device usually made of metal, containing chemicals, fluids, or gases for stopping fires, the means for application of its contents for the purpose of putting out fire particularly small fire) before it propagates.

17. 17 FOUR METHODS OF FIRE EXTINGUISHMENT Smothering - excludes the oxygen from the fuel so that the gases or vapours of the fuel cannot ignite and continue the combustion.

18. 18

19. 19 How to use fire extinguisher?

20. 20 First-Aid Firefighting 20

21. Remember, only fight a FIRE when: The fire is small and contained; 21 You are safe from toxic smoke; You have a means of escape;

22. 22 Fight fire with your back to safe escape route. Your extinguisher is rated for the type of fire you are fighting and is in good working order. Had training and confident that you can operate it effectively.

23. Identify and report fire hazards and unsafe work practices. Unplug all electrical equipment when not in operation, unless necessary. 3. Maintain proper housekeeping. Familiarize and keep emergency exits marked, lighted and free from any obstruction. Familiarize location of fire alarm, fire extinguishers and other fire fighting equipment.

24. 6. Enforce “No Smoking” policy. Avoid overloading of electrical circuits by plugging many appliances. Do not store large volume of combustible liquids without proper clearance/permit and fire protection. Ensure complete attendance of ALL fire brigade members during Fire Safety Seminars and Drills. 10. Regularly conduct emergency drills (internal).

25. 25 PLAN YOUR ESCAPE Planning and anticipation are important aspect of FIRE SAFETY. KNOWING WHAT TO DO BEFORE THE EMERGENCY ARISES IS THE BEST WAY TO PREVENT PANIC AND CONFUSION.

26. 26 TYPICAL SAFETY EVACUATION PROCEDURE If fire is detected, the person who detects the fire immediately shouts or alerts everybody. If the fire is still small, the nearest and most competent person should put out the fire. If the fire has already progressed to a bigger stage that would merit evacuation, designate a specific assembly are outside the building.

27. 27 IN A FIRE, CRAWL LOW UNDER SMOKE Smoke and heat rise, so during a fire there’s cleaner, cooler air near the floor. Always try another exit if you encounter smoke when you are escaping a fire. But if you have to escape through smoke, crawl on your hands and knees with your head 1 to 2 feet above the floor.

28. 28 If your clothing catches fire, remember: STOP, DROP, AND ROLL STOP : Moving immediately. DROP : To the ground or floor. ROLL : Cover your face with your hands and roll over to smother the flames. Cool the burn with cool water for 10-15 minutes. Call for help.

29. 29 WHAT TO DO IN CASE OF FIRE? 1. Do not panic. Be calm, but act quickly. 2. When your frying pan burst into flame, cover the flame with any metal cover at hand to shut off the oxygen from the air. 3. Do not pour water because it may spread the fire or even scald you. 4. If it is just small fire you can extinguish it using any of the following: a rug, a heavy garment, a pail water or an extinguisher. The best is an “ABC” fire extinguisher.

30. 5. Call for help immediately. Phone the Fire Department at once. Be sure to give the exact address. 6. If the fire is beyond control, warn the family and go to the nearest and safest exit. Do not attempt to save your belongings, you might get trapped inside the burning house. Your life is more important than your things. 7. If fire starts in any electrical wire or device inside the house, cut-off the current first whenever possible at the switch or at the plug.

31. 31 HOW TO GET OUT OF A BURNING BUILDING? It is always dangerous to remain in a burning building. Fires often spread rapidly and cut-off escape and are likely to generate poisonous gases. If you are trapped inside the burning building, do not open a door that feel warm. Superheated air might quickly kill you. Try to get out some other way.

32. 32 ACTION TAKEN WHEN FIRE STRIKE If fire break out, immediately correct action gives the best change of putting it out quickly, reducing the danger to life and keeping damage to a minimum, if there is fire remember these six steps to safety:

33. 33 S A F E T Y SOUND THE ALARM ADVICE FIRE BRIGADE FIGHT FIRE, IF POSSIBLE EVACUATE THE AREA/PREMISES TELL OTHERS YOU GET OUT, CLEAR THE AREA

34. 34 REMEMBER : “AN OUNCE OF PREVENTION IS WORTH THAN A POUND OF CURE.”

35. “All the thieves in the world cannot take all your belongings, but one good FIRE could raze it to the ground in five (5) minutes time.”

36. BFP BASISTA HOTLINE NO.: 0917-1851-611

37. THANK YOU! 