Fire Safety Investivation - REFORM..pptx

Fire Safety Investivation - REFORM..pptx

1. FIRE SAFETY IN BUILDINGS, STRUCTURES AND FACILITIES RULE 10, CHAPTER 2, RA9514, Revised IRR (2019),

2. OBJECTIVES For the cadets to: Gain knowledge on Fire Safety in Buildings. Identify Means of Egress Differentiate Features of Fire Protection. Classify Buildings and its Hazards.

3. Hazard of Building Chap. 2, Div.4.

4. Low Hazard Those of such low combustibility that no self-propagating fire therein can occur and that, consequently, the only probable danger requiring the use of emergency exits will be from panic, fumes or smoke or fire from some external source.

5. Moderate Hazard Those which are liable to burn with moderate rapidity or to give off a considerable volume of smoke but from which neither poisonous fumes nor explosions are to be expected in the event of fire.

6. High Hazard Those which are liable to burn with extreme rapidity or from which poisonous gases or explosions are to be expected in the event of fire.

7. Means of Egress Chap. 2, Div.5.

8. MEANS OF EGRESS A continuous and unobstructed route of exit from one point in a building, structure or facility to a public way consisting of three (3) distinct parts: exit, access and exit discharge.

9. * Three Storeys or less – Atleast One (1) Hour Fire Resistance Rating(FHR). * Four or More Storeys – Atleast Two (2) Hours FHR * Any opening shall be protected by an approved self-closing fire resistive door * No exit enclosure shall be used for other purposes * Shall be constructed of Non Combustible Materials with Fire Resistance Rating. Protective Enclosures of Exit

10. Area Stairways (width per person) Level Components and Ramps (width per person) mm in mm in Board and Care 10 0.4 5 0.2 Health Care, Sprinklered 7.6 0.3 5 0.2 Health Care, Non Sprinklered 15 0.6 13 0.5 High Hazards 18 0.7 10 0.4 All Others 7.6 0.3 5 0.4 Capacity of Means of Egress

11. Means of Egress “Shall be determined by dividing the floor area by the occupant load factor assigned to that use” OL = Occupant Load Gross Floor Area Occupant Load Factor ____________________

12. TYPE OF OCCUPANCY OCCUPANT LOAD FACTOR (square meters per person) Assembly concentrated use without fixed seats less concentrated use standing room or waiting space 0.65 1.4 0.28 2. Educational net classroom area net area of shops, laboratories and similar vocational rooms 1.9 4.6 3. Health Care sleeping departments inpatient treatment departments 11.1 22.3 Occupant Load

13. TYPE OF OCCUPANCY OCCUPANT LOAD FACTOR (square meters per person) 4. Detention and Correctional 11.1 5. Residential 18.6 6. Mercantile Street floor Upper floors 2.8 5.6 7. Business 9.3 8. Industrial 9.3 9. Storage Maximum probable population Occupant Load

14. Means of Egress shall not be less than nine hundred fifteen millimeters (915 mm ) except when specifically provided under Division 8 to Division 17 of this Chapter. Minimum Width

15. Means of Egress The number of means of egress from any balcony, mezzanine, storey, or portion thereof shall not be less than two (2), except when specifically permitted in Division 8 through 17 of this Chapter. Number of Means of Egress

16. Means of Egress B. When the occupant load for any storey or portion thereof is more than five hundred (500) but not more than one thousand (1000), the means of egress shall not be less than three (3); in excess thereof, the means of egress shall not be less than four (4). Number of Means of Egress

17. Means of Egress Shall be remote from each other as possible, determined as follows: A. No Sprinkler: one-half (1/2) of the length of the maximum over-all diagonal dimension of the building or area to be served, measured in a straight line between the nearest edge of the exit doors or exit access doors. Arrangement of Means of Egress

18. Means of Egress B. With sprinkler the minimum separation distance between two exits or exit access doors shall not be less than one-third (1/3) the length of the maximum overall diagonal dimension of the building or area to be served. Arrangement of Means of Egress

19. Means of Egress 46 m – no sprinkler 61 m – with sprinkler * unless modified by individual occupancies * along the walking surface * starting from the most remote point * giving 30 cm clearance from the corner * ending at the center of the doorway or other point at which the exit begins Travel Distance

20. Means of Egress Minimum headroom shall not be less than 2 meters. Headroom

21. Means of Egress * min width – 71 cm clear width * max width – 122 cm * provision for re-entry mechanism for four (4) or more storeys in height (every 4 storey) * NO RE – ENTRY PROCEED TO _______ FLOOR AND ________ FLOOR Doors

22. Means of Egress Stairs Feature Dimensional Criteria mm in Minimum Width See Table 4 Maximum height of risers 180 7 Minimum height of risers 100 4 Minimum tread depth 280 11 Minimum headroom 2000 80 Maximum height between landings 3660 144 Table 2: DIMENSIONAL CRITERIA FOR NEW STAIRS

23. Means of Egress Feature Dimensional Criteria mm in Minimum width clear of all obstructions, except projections not more than 114 mm (4½ in) at or below handrail height on each side 915 36 Maximum height of risers 205 8 Minimum tread depth 230 9 Minimum headroom 2000 80 Maximum height between landings 3660 144 Stairs Table 3: DIMENSIONAL CRITERIA FOR EXISTING STAIRS

24. Means of Egress Total Cumulative Occupant Load Assigned to the Stair Width mm in <2000 persons 1120 44 > 2000 persons 1420 56 Stairs Table 4: NEW STAIR WIDTH

25. Means of Egress Smoke proof enclosures may be by any of the following means: Natural Ventilation Mechanical Ventilation Stairway Pressurization Stairs

26. Means of Egress Feature Dimensional Criteria mm in Minimum width clear of all obstructions, except projections not more than 4½ in. (114 mm) at or below handrail height on each side 1120 44 Maximum slope 1 in 12 Maximum cross slope 1 in 48 Maximum rise for a single ramp run 760 30 Ramps Table 5: DIMENSIONAL CRITERIA FOR NEW RAMPS

27. PARTICULARS DIMENSIONS Minimum widths 60 cm clear between rails Minimum horizontal dimension any landing of platform 60 cm Maximum rise 23 cm Minimum tread, exclusive of nosing 23 cm Tread construction Solid, 13 mm diameter per­foration permitted Winders (spiral) None Risers None Maximum height between landings 3.66 m Headroom, minimum 2.00 m Access to escape Door or case­ment windows 61 cm by 1.98 m or double hung windows 76.20 cm by 91.44 cm clear Level of access opening Not over 30.50 cm above floor; steps if higher Discharge to ground Swinging stair section permit­ted Capacity number of persons 45 per unit* access by door; 20 if access by climbing over window rail Fire Escape Stairs

28. Means of Egress * No ladder shall be used as a fire escape except in single and two family dwellings and residential apartments of not more than three (3) storey provided that the height shall not exceed nine meters (9m). * For purposes of this subsection, mezzanine floors shall be counted as ordinary floor. Ladders

29. Means of Egress * Emergency lighting facilities shall be arranged to maintain the specified degree of illumination in the event of failure of the normal lighting for a period of at least one and one half (1½) hour. * All emergency lighting systems installed in accordance with this section shall be properly maintained. Maintenance program shall be documented and incorporated in FALAR 3. Illumination and Markings of Means of Egress

30. Features of Fire Protection Chap. 2, Div.6.

31. Features of Fire Protection openings between storeys shall be enclosed or protected to prevent the spread of fire or smoke, except openings of building protected by automatic fire suppression system Protection of Vertical Openings

32. Features of Fire Protection Exemption: building with low or ordinary hazard occupancy protected with approved, supervised sprinkler automatic fire suppressions system up to three (3) communicating floor levels provided all the following conditions are met: Protection of Vertical Openings

33. Features of Fire Protection Exemption: a. The arrangement is permitted by the applicable occupancy section of this Chapter. b. The lowest or next to the lowest level is a street floor; c. The entire area, including all communicating floor levels, is sufficiently open and unobstructed so that it may be assumed that a fire or other dangerous condition in any part will be immediately obvious to the occupants of all communicating levels and areas; Protection of Vertical Openings

34. Features of Fire Protection Exemption: d. Exit capacity is sufficient to provide simultaneously for all occupants of all communicating levels and areas, all communicating levels in the same fire area being considered as a single floor area for purposes of determina­tion of required exit capacity; Protection of Vertical Openings

35. Features of Fire Protection Exemption: e. Each floor level, considered separately, has at least one-half of its individual required exit capacity provided by an exit or exits leading directly out of that area without traversing another communicating floor level or being exposed to the spread of fire or smoke therefrom ; and Protection of Vertical Openings

36. Features of Fire Protection Exemption: f. All requirements of this Chapter with respect to interior finish, protection of hazards, construction and other features are fully observed, without waivers, except openings in floors of educational, healthcare, and detention and correctional occupancies shall be enclosed as required in Divisions 9, 10 and 11 of this Chapter, respectively. Protection of Vertical Openings

37. Features of Fire Protection 1. When a required fire alarm system is out of service for more than 4 hours in a 24-hour period, the City/Municipal Fire Marshal having jurisdiction shall be notified within 24 hours, and a fire watch shall be assigned until the fire alarm system has been returned to service. Fire Detection, Alarm and Communication Systems

38. Features of Fire Protection 2. the fire alarm system shall have an approved maintenance and testing program which shall be developed by the building management….. Records of conducted maintenance and testing should be maintained and submitted together with FALAR 3 when required by the Chief, BFP or his duly authorized representative. Fire Detection, Alarm and Communication Systems

39. Features of Fire Protection 3. A positive alarm sequence may be permitted, provided that it is in accordance with NFPA 72. 4. Notification signals for occupants to evacuate shall be by audible and visible signals in accordance with NFPA 72, or other means of notification subject to the determination and approval of the City/Municipal Fire Marshal having jurisdiction . Fire Detection, Alarm and Communication Systems

40. Features of Fire Protection 5. Automatic fire department notification through central station accredited by the BFP shall be mandatory to the following types of occupancy: a. All high rise buildings; b. All hospitals; c. All educational institutions, hotels and apartment buildings (condominium) of at least four (4) storey in height; d. All highly hazardous occupancies; and e. All mall buildings. Fire Detection, Alarm and Communication Systems

41. Features of Fire Protection 1. All automatic sprinkler and standpipe systems required by this code shall be inspected, tested, and maintained in accordance with NFPA 25. Records of conducted maintenance and testing should be maintained and submitted together with FALAR 3. Automatic Sprinkler

42. Features of Fire Protection 2. Where a required automatic sprinkler system is out of service for more than 4 hours in a 24-hour period, the owner shall notify the nearest fire station immediately upon discovery but not later than 24 hours and a fire watch shall be assigned until the sprinkler system has been returned to service. Automatic Sprinkler

43. Features of Fire Protection 1. All buildings with required enclosed stairway or smoke proof enclosure shall have at least one dry standpipe outlet connection located at every floor level landing above the first floor of every required enclosure. No point within a building, requiring dry standpipes, shall be more than forty (40) meters (40 m) travel distance from a dry standpoint outlet connection. Dry Standpipe

44. Features of Fire Protection Wet standpipe system extending from the cellar or basement into the topmost storey shall be required in the following: a. Assembly occupancies with an occupant load exceeding one thousand (1,000); Wet Standpipe

45. Features of Fire Protection b. Educational, healthcare and detention and correctional, business and mercantile, industrial, and hotels and apartments occupancies, four or more storeys in height, and c. Hazardous storage and business and mercantile occupancies having a floor area exceeding one thousand eight hundred sixty square meters (1,860 m2) per floor. Wet Standpipe

46. Features of Fire Protection 1. Class A Hazards TYPE OF HAZARD MIN. EXTINGUISHER RATING MAX. TRAVEL DISTANCE TO EXTINGUISHER (m) MAX. AREA (OPEN AREA) PER EXTINGUISHER (m 2 ) Low 2-A 15 200 Moderate 3-A* 12 100 High 4-A* 10 75 Portable and Wheeled Fire Extinguishers Table 9: FIRE EXTINGUISHERS FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF CLASS A HAZARDS

47. Features of Fire Protection 2 . Class B Hazards TYPE OF HAZARD MIN. EXTINGUISHER RATING MAX. TRAVEL DISTANCE TO EXTINGUISHER (m) MAX. AREA (OPEN AREA) PER EXTINGUISHER (m 2 ) Low 5-B 10 200 Moderate 10-B 10 100 High 40-B 10 75 Portable and Wheeled Fire Extinguishers Table 10: FIRE EXTINGUISHERS FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF CLASS B HAZARDS

48. Features of Fire Protection Fire extinguishers with Class C ratings shall be required where energized electrical equipment can be encountered that would require a nonconducting extinguishing medium . Class C Hazards

49. Classification of Occupancy Chap. 2, Div.3.

50. TYPES OF OCCUPANCY PLACES OF ASSEMBLY EDUCATIONAL OCCUPANCIES DAY CARE OCCUPANCIES HEALTH CARE OCCUPANCIES RESIDENTIAL BOARD AND CARE INDUSTRIAL OCCUPANCIES DETENTION AND CORRECTIONAL OCCUPANCIES RESIDENTIAL OCCUPANCIES MERCANTILE OCCUPANCIES BUSINESS OCCUPANCIES STORAGE OCCUPANCIES SPECIAL STRUCTURES

51. PLACES OF ASSEMBLY buildings or portions of buildings used for gathering together of fifty (50) or more persons for such purposes as deliberation, worship, entertainment, eating, drinking, amusement, awaiting transportation or similar uses. (Division 8)

52. 1. theaters; 2. assembly halls; 3. auditorium; 4. exhibition halls; 5. museum; 6. restaurants; 7. drinking establishments; 8. places of worship ; Examples 9. classrooms of 50 persons and over capacity; 10. libraries; 11. internet shops of over 50 persons capacity; 12. dance halls; 13. club rooms; 14. skating rinks; 15. gymnasiums;

53. 16. cockpit arenas; 17. bowling facilities; 18. pool rooms; 19. armories; 20. passenger stations and terminals of air, surface, underground, and marine public transportation facilities; 21. Recreational facilities; 22. piers; 23.court-rooms; 24.conference rooms; and 25. mortuary chapels or funeral homes .

54. * Restaurants and drinking establishments with an occupant load of less than 50 persons shall be classified as mercantile occupancies. * Occupancy of any room or space for assembly purposes by less than fifty (50) persons in a building of other occupancy and incidental to such other occupancy shall be classified as part of the other occupancy and subject to the provisions applicable thereto.

55. OCCUPANT LOAD (Section 10.2.8.1) TYPE OF OCCUPANCY OCCUPANT LOAD FACTOR (square meters per person) Assembly concentrated use without fixed seats less concentrated use standing room or waiting space 0.65 1.4 0.28

56. * Area having fixed seats – no. of fixed seats installed. * Posting of occupant load in a conspicuous place near the main entrance/exit of the room. * Waiting space shall not encroach upon the required clear width of exits

57. Fire Detection and Alarm System * All assembly occupancies – manual fire alarm system * More than 300 persons – through automatic detection system PROTECTION (Section 10.2.8.8)

58. Extinguishing Requirement 1. The following assembly occupancies shall be protected through by an approved, supervised sprinkler system: a. bars with live entertainment; b. dance halls; c. discotheques; and d. assembly occupancies.

59. 2. Buildings containing assembly occupancies with occupant load of more than 300 shall protected by an approved, supervised sprinkler system: a. throughout the storey containing the assembly occupancy ; b. throughout all storeys below the storey containing the assembly occupancy; c. in case of assembly occupancy located below the level of exit discharge, throughout all storeys intervening between that storey and the level of exit discharge.

60. Single multipurpose room of less than 1115 m 2 that are not used for exhibition or display and are not part of mixed occupancy; 2. Assembly occupancy with all sides open; and 3. Places of worship at the level of exit discharge with sufficient means of egress. EXEMPTION (Section 10.2.8.8 para E no. 3)

61. EDUCATIONAL OCCUPANCIES all buildings or portions thereof used for the gathering of group of six (6) or more persons for purposes of instruction. (Division 9)

62. Schools; Universities; Colleges; Academies; Nursery schools; Kindergartens; and Child Day Care facilities. Examples

63. OCCUPANT LOAD (Section 10.2.9.1 para B) TYPE OF OCCUPANCY OCCUPANT LOAD FACTOR (square meters per person) Educational net classroom area net area of shops, laboratories and similar vocational rooms 1.9 4.6

64. For nurseries where sleeping quarters = 3.3 m 2 per person For areas with fixed seats = no. of fixed seats

65. Vertical Openings Any interior stairways and other vertical openings in educational buildings shall be enclosed and protected except : 1. when it serves only one adjacent floor other than a basement, 2. it is not connected to other stairway serving other floors 3. it is not connected with corridors or stairways serving other floors. PROTECTION (Section 10.2.9.5)

66. Interior Corridors *constructed of not less than ½ hour fire resistance rating and all openings therein protected accordingly *room doors may be 44 mm solid bonded core wood doors or the equivalent. Except: when all classrooms served by such corridors have at least one door directly to the outside or to an exterior balcony or

67. Interior Corridors Any interior corridor more than 91m in length shall be divided into smoke partitions Fire Alarm System 1. Approved fire alarm facilities capable of being manually operated shall be provided in every educational building. 2. If protected with AFSS the operation of the system shall automatically actuate electrical school’s fire alarm system.

68. Automatic Fire Suppression System Every portion of educational buildings below the floor of exit discharge shall be protected with complete automatic sprinkler protection 

69. Hazardous Areas separated from other parts of the building with construction having not less than a 1 hour fire resistance rating and all openings shall be protected with self-closing fire doors or shall be provided with AFSS

70. Cooking Equipment Cooking equipment shall be protected by automatic kitchen hood fire suppression

71. Rooms used for pre- schoolers , first grade and second grade pupils shall not be located above or below the floor of exit discharge. SPECIAL PROVISION FOR PRE-SCHOOLS (SECTION 10.2.9.8)

72. DAY CARE OCCUPANCIES (DIVISION 10) occupancies in which more than twelve (12) clients receive care, maintenance, and supervision by other than their relative(s) or legal guardian(s) for less than twenty-four (24) hours per day.

73. OCCUPANT LOAD ( SECTION 10.2.10.2) The occupant load, in number of persons for whom means of egress and other provisions are required, either shall be one (1) person for every three and three tenths square meters (3.3 m2) or shall be determined as the maximum probable population of the space under consideration, whichever is greater.

74. PROTECTION ( SECTION 10.2.10.6) Day care occupancies shall be provided with an automatic fire detection and alarm system in accordance with Section 10.2.6.6 of this RIRR, except day care occupancies housed in one room having at least one (1) door opening directly to the outside at grade plane or to an exterior exit access balcony.

75. A smoke detection system shall be installed in day care occupancies, other than those housed in one (1) room having at least one (1) door opening directly to the outside at grade plane or to an exterior exit access, and such system shall comply with both of the following: Detectors shall be installed on each storey in front of the doors to the stairways and in the corridors of all floors occupied by the day care occupancy. Detectors shall be installed in lounges, recreation areas, and sleeping rooms in the day care occupancy.

76. Extinguishing Requirements Buildings with unprotected openings, up to five (5) communicating floor levels not considered as a high rise building, shall be protected throughout by an approved, supervised automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 10.2.6.7 of this RIRR. Portable fire extinguishers shall also be provided pursuant to Section 10.2.6.9 of this RIRR .

77. HEALTH CARE OCCUPANCIES Health Care are those used for purposes of medical or other treatment or care of persons where such occupants are mostly incapable of self preservation because of age, physical or mental disability, or because of security measures not under the occupants’ control. (DIVISION 11)

78. hospitals; nursing homes; birth centers ; and residential custodial care centers such as nurseries, homes for the aged and the like. Examples

79. ER, OR, ICU, DR and other similar facilities shall not be located at the 2 nd Floor or basement. For existing it shall be provided with ramps. ER, OR, ICU, DR (Section 10.2.10.1 para C)

80. OCCUPANT LOAD (Section 10.2.10.1 para E) TYPE OF OCCUPANCY OCCUPANT LOAD FACTOR (square meters per person) Health Care sleeping departments inpatient treatment departments 11.1 22.3

81. Subdivision of Building Spaces Smoke partitions shall be provided, regardless of building construction type, as follows: a. To divide into at least two (2) compartments every storey used by inpatients for sleeping or treatment and any storey having an occupant load of fifty (50) or more persons. b. maximum area of each smoke compartment to no more than 2,100 m 2 , of which both length and width shall be no more than 46 m. PROTECTION (Section 10.2.10.3)

82. Smoke partitions shall be provided on storeys which are usable but unoccupied. Any smoke partition shall be constructed in accordance with Section 10.2.6.9 of the IRR and shall have a fire resistance rating of at least one (1) hour.

83. Corridor openings in smoke partitions shall be protected by a pair of swinging doors, door to swing in a direction opposite from the other. The minimum width of each door for hospitals and nursing homes shall 112 cm, while that for residential-custodial care institutions shall be 81 cm.

84. Vision panels of approved transparent wired glass not exceeding 0.46 m 2 in steel frames shall be provided in all doors in smoke partitions. Stops are required on the head and sides of door frames in smoke partitions and center mullions are prohibited.

85. Protection of Vertical Opening Any stairway, ramp, elevator shaft, light and ventilation shaft, chute and other openings between storeys shall be enclosed with noncombustible materials. A door in a stairway enclosure shall be self-closing, shall normally be kept in closed position.

86. RESIDENTIAL BOARD AND CARE ( DIVISION 12) occupancies providing sleeping accommodations for not more than sixteen (16) residents. (small facility) Where sleeping accommodations for more than sixteen (16) residents are provided, the occupancy shall be classified as a large facility.

87. PROTECTION (SECTION 10.2.12.2) Protection of Vertical Opening Vertical openings, other than those meeting the requirement of para C.5 of this Section, shall be separated by smoke partitions having a minimum of half-hour (1⁄2-hr) fire resistance rating. Hazardous Areas

88. Areas for cartoned storage, food or household maintenance items in wholesale or institutional-type quantities and concentrations, or mass storage of residents’ belongings, or other hazardous areas that are located on a floor where primary means of egress or sleeping rooms are located shall be protected by a construction having a minimum fire resistance rating of one (1) hour and an automatic detection and alarm system or automatic sprinkler system.

89. Detection, Alarm and Communication System A manual fire alarm system shall be provided on all small residential custodian care facilities. Single station smoke detectors shall be provided in all levels including basements, living areas and sleeping rooms.

90. Extinguishing Requirements All buildings of four (4) or more storeys in height shall be protected with approved, supervised sprinkler system, using quick-response or residential sprinklers in accordance with Section 10.2.6.7 of this RIRR. Portable fire extinguishers shall be installed in accordance with Section 10.2.6.9 of this RIRR.

91. Construction of Corridor Walls a. Walls separating sleeping rooms shall have a minimum of half-hour (1⁄2-hr) fire resistance rating. The minimum of half-hour (1⁄2-hr) fire resistance rating shall be considered to be achieved if the partitioning is finished on both sides with lath and plaster or materials providing a fifteen-minute (15-min) thermal barrier.

92. Sleeping room doors shall be substantial doors, such as those of forty-four millimeters (44 mm) thick, solid-bonded wood-core construction, or of other construction of equal or greater stability and fire integrity. Any vision panels shall be fixed fire window assemblies or shall be wired glass not exceeding eighty-four hundredths square meter (0.84 m2) each in area and installed in approved frames.

93. DETENTION AND CORRECTIONAL OCCUPANCIES (DIVISION 13) Detention and correctional occupancies shall include those used for purposes such as correctional institutions, detention facilities, community residential centers, substance abuse or rehabilitation centers, and other similar facilities where occupants are confined or housed under some degree of restraint or security.

94. OCCUPANT LOAD The occupant load for which means of egress shall be provided for any floor shall be the maximum number of persons intended to occupy that floor but not less than one (1) person for every eleven and one tenth square meters (11.1 m2) gross floor area.

95. PROTECTION (SECTION 10.2.13.3) Detention and correctional occupancies shall be provided with a fire alarm system in accordance with Section 10.2.6.6 of this RIRR, except as modified by the succeeding paragraphs.

96. Initiation of the required fire alarm system shall be by manual means in accordance with Section 10.2.6.6 of this RIRR, by means of any required detection devices or detection systems, and by means of water flow alarm in the sprinkler system. Exception No. 1 : Manual fire alarm boxes shall be permitted to be locked, provided that staff is present within the area when it is occupied and staff has keys readily available to unlock the boxes. Exception No. 2 : Manual fire alarm boxes shall be permitted to be located in a staff location, provided that the staff location is attended when the building is occupied and that the staff attendant has direct supervision of the sleeping area.

97. Occupant notification shall be accomplished automatically in accordance with Section 10.2.6.6 of this RIRR; a positive alarm sequence shall be permitted. Exception : Any smoke detectors required by this Chapter shall be permitted to be arranged to alarm at a constantly attended location only and shall not be required to accomplish general occupant notification.

98. Fire department notification shall be accomplished in accordance with Section 10.2.6.6 of this RIRR; a positive alarm sequence shall be permitted. Exception No. 1 : Any smoke detectors required by this Chapter shall not be required to transmit an alarm to the fire department. Exception No. 2 : This requirement shall not apply where staff is provided at a constantly attended location that has the capability to promptly notify the fire department or has direct communication with a control room having direct access to the fire department.

99. An approved automatic smoke detection system shall be in accordance with Section 10.2.6.6 of this RIRR, as modified by paras 6 through 8 hereof, throughout all resident sleeping areas and adjacent day rooms, activity rooms, or contiguous common spaces. Smoke detectors shall not be required in sleeping rooms with four (4) or fewer occupants.

100. Other arrangements and positioning of smoke detectors shall be permitted to prevent damage or tampering, or for other purposes. Such arrangements shall be capable of detecting any fire, and the placement of detectors shall be such that the speed of detection is equivalent to that provided by the spacing and arrangements required by the installation standards referenced in Section 10.2.6.6 of this RIRR. Detectors shall be permitted to be located in exhaust ducts from cells, behind grilles, or in other locations. Smoke detectors shall not be required in Use Condition II open dormitories where staff is present within the dormitory whenever the dormitory is occupied.

101. RESIDENTIAL OCCUPANCIES ( DIVISION 14) are those occupancies in which sleeping accommodations are provided for normal residential purposes and include all buildings designed to provide sleeping accommodations.

102. hotels; motels; apartelles ; pension houses; inns; apartments; condominiums; dormitories; lodging or rooming houses; and one- and two-family dwellings Examples

103. A. Hotels – includes buildings or groups of building under the same management in which there are more than fifteen (15) sleeping accommodations for hire, primarily used by transients who are lodged with or without meals, whether designated as a hotel, inn, motel, or by any other name. So called appartelle , condotel or pension houses shall be classified as hotels, because they are potentially subject to transient occupancy like that of hotels. CLASSIFICATION (Section 10.2.12.1)

104. B. Dormitories – includes buildings where group sleeping accommodation are provided for persons, not members of the same family group in one room or in series of closely associated room under joint occupancy and single management, as in college dormitories, convents, fraternity houses, military barracks, and the like.

105. Apartment Buildings – includes buildings containing three (3) or more living units independent cooking and bathroom facilities, whether designated as condominium, row house, apartment house, tenement, garden apartment, or by any other name.

106. Lodging or Rooming Houses – includes building in which separate sleeping rooms are rented providing sleeping accommodations for a total of fifteen (15) or less persons, on either a transient or permanent basis; with or without meals, but without separate cooking facilities for individual oc­cupants.

107. Single-and-Two Family Dwellings – includes detached dwellings in which each living unit is occupied by members of a single family.

108. OCCUPANT LOAD (Section 10.2.12.2 para A) TYPE OF OCCUPANCY OCCUPANT LOAD FACTOR (square meters per person) 5. Residential 18.6

109. include stores, markets, and other rooms, buildings, or structures for the display and/or sale of merchandise. MERCANTILE OCCUPANCIES ( DIVISION 15)

110. malls; supermarkets; department stores; shopping centers ; flea markets; restaurants of less than 50 persons capacity; public/private dry and wet markets; water refilling stations; drugstores; hardwares /construction supplies; showrooms; and auction rooms. Examples

111. OCCUPANT LOAD 1. For purposes of determining required exits, the occupant load of mercantile buildings or parts of building used for mercantile purposes shall not be less than the following: a. Street floor, one (1) person for each two and eight tenths square meters (2.8 m2) gross floor area. In stores with no street floor as defined in Rule 3 hereof, but with access directly from the street by stairs or escalators, the principal floor at the point of entrance to the store shall be considered the street floor. In stores where, due to difference in grade of streets on different sides, there are two (2) or more floors directly accessible from the street (not including alleys or similar back streets), each such floor shall be considered a street floor for the purpose of determining occupant load.

112. b. Due to differences in grade of streets on different sides, two (2) or more floors directly accessible from streets (not including alleys or similar back streets) exist; each such floor is permitted to be considered a street floor. The occupant load factor is one (1) person for each three and seven tenths square meters (3.7 m2) of gross floor area of sales space. c. Sales floors below the street floor: same as street floor.

113. d. Upper floors, used for sale: one (1) person for each five and six tenths square meters (5.6 m2) gross floor area. e. Floor or sections used only for offices, storage, shipping and not open to the general public: one (1) person for each nine and three tenths square meters (9.3 m2) gross floor area. f. Floors or sections used for assembly purposes: occupant load determined in accordance with Division 8 of this Chapter. g. Covered Walls: one (1) person for each two and eight tenths square meters (2.8 m2) gross floor area.

114. 2. Where any required egress capacity from a balcony or mezzanine passes through the room below, that required capacity shall be added to the required egress capacity of the room below.

115. PROTECTION ( SECTION 10.2.15.3) Alarm Systems Class A and Class B stores shall be provided with an automatic fire alarm system in accordance with Section 10.2.6.6 of this RIRR.

116. Automatic Sprinkler Protection Approved, supervised automatic sprinkler system protection shall be installed in accordance with Section 10.2.6.7 of this RIRR in all mercantile occupancies as follows: Throughout all mercantile occupancies three (3) or more storeys in height provided that at least one (1) of the floors is at least two hundred thirty-two square meters (232 m2). Throughout all mercantile occupancies exceeding one thousand one hundred fifteen square meters (1,115 m2) in gross area. Throughout floor below the street floor having an area exceeding two hundred thirty-two square meters (232 m2) when used for the sale, storage or handling of combustible goods and merchandise.

117. Hazardous Areas An area used for general storage, boiler or furnace rooms, fuel storage, janitor closet, maintenance shops including woodworking and painting areas, and kitchens shall be separated from other parts of the building by construction having a fire-resistance rating of not less than one (1) hour, and all openings shall be protected with self-closing fire doors. Areas with high hazard contents as defined in Division 4 of this Chapter shall be provided with both fire-resistive construction and automatic fire suppression system. Cooking equipment shall be protected in accordance with Section 10.2.7.1 of this RIRR.

118. TYPE OF OCCUPANCY OCCUPANT LOAD FACTOR (square meters per person) 6. Mercantile 18.6

119. CLASSIFICATION ( SECTION 10.2.15.1) Class A. AII stores having aggregate gross area of two thousand seven hundred eighty-eight square meters (2,788 m2) or more, or utilizing more than three (3) floor levels for sales purposes. 2)   Class B. All stores of less than two thousand seven hundred eighty-seven square meters (2,787 m2) aggregate area, but over two hundred seventy-nine square meters (279 m2), or utilizing any balcony, mezzanine or floor above or below the street floor level for sales purposes, except that if more than three (3) floors are utilized, the store shall be considered Class A, regardless of area.

120. 3)   Class C. All stores of two hundred seventy-eight square meters (278 m2) or less gross area used for sales purposes on the street floor only.

121. BUSINESS OCCUPANCIES (DIVISION 16) Business Occupancies shall include all buildings and structures or parts thereof with occupancy described in Division 3 of this Chapter. The contents of business occupancies shall be classified as ordinary hazard in accordance with Division 4 of this Chapter. For purposes of the design of an automatic fire suppression system, an office occupancy shall be classified as “light hazard occupancy”.

122. OCCUPANT LOAD For purposes of determining required exits, the occupant load of business purposes shall be no less than one (1) person per nine and three tenths square meters (9.3 m2) of gross floor area. The occupant load for concentrated use as in the case of Call Centers, IT Centers, BPO’s, and other similar occupancies, shall not be less than one (1) person per four and six tenths square meters (4.6 m2) of gross floor area devoted for that use, provided that the means of egress and other fire safety requirements of RA 9514 and its RIRR are followed or incorporated in the building. In the case of mezzanine or balcony open to the floor below of other unprotected vertical openings between floors, the occupant load of the mezzanine or other subsidiary floor level shall be added to that of the street floor for the purpose of determining required exits.

123. PROTECTION (SECTION 10.2.16.3) All business occupancy buildings fifteen meters (15 m) or more in height shall be provided throughout with approved, supervised sprinkler system, fully electrically supervised designed in accordance with NFPA 13.

124. A fire alarm system in accordance with Section 10.2.6.4 of this RIRR shall be provided in all business, where any one of the following conditions exists: The building is two (2) or more storeys in height above the level of exit discharge; The occupancy is subject to fifty (50) or more occupants above or below the level of exit discharge. For existing building, the occupancy is subject to one hundred (100) or more occupants above or below the level of exit discharge; or Theoccupancyissubjecttothreehundred (300) ormoretotaloccupants.Forexisting building, the occupancy is subject to one thousand (1,000) or more total occupants.

125. Initiation of the required fire alarm system shall be by one of the following means: Manual means in accordance with Section 10.2.6.6 of this RIRR; Means of an approved automatic fire detection system that complies with Section 10.2.6.6 of this RIRR, and provides protection throughout the building; or Means of an approved automatic sprinkler system that complies with Section 10.2.6.7 of this RIRR, and provides protection throughout the building.

126. Occupant notification. During all times that the building is occupied, the required fire alarm system, once initiated, shall perform one of the following functions: For new and existing building, it shall activate a general alarm throughout the building in accordance with Section 10.2.6.6 of this RIRR. A positive alarm sequence in accordance with Section 10.2.6.6 of this RIRR shall be permitted. For existing building, a pre-signal system in accordance with Section 10.2.6.6 of this RIRR shall be permitted.

127. For new and existing building, it shall activate an alarm signal in a continuously attended location for the purpose of initiating emergency action by personnel trained to respond to emergencies as follows: 1)  Emergency action shall be initiated by means of live voice public address system announcements originating from the attended location where the alarm signal is received, unless otherwise permitted by para 3 below. 2)  The live voice public address system shall be permitted to be used for other announcements, provided that the emergency action use takes precedence over any other use. 3)  In lieu of live voice public address system announcements, any other occupant notification means in accordance with Section 10.2.6.6 of this RIRR shall be permitted.

128. Where business occupancies do not fall within the condition of para D.1 above, it shall be provided with manual fire alarm system.

129. INDUSTRIAL OCCUPANCIES (DIVISION 17) These are industrial occupancies that conduct ordinary and low hazard industrial operations in buildings of conventional design suitable for various types of industrial process. These include multi- storey buildings, where floors are occupied by different tenants or buildings suitable for such occupancy and are therefore subject to possible use for types of industrial process with high density of employee population.

130. Special Purpose Industrial Occupancy These are industrial occupancies that conduct ordinary and low hazard industrial operations in all buildings, except high hazard occupancy, designed and suitable only for particular types of operations, characterized by a relatively low density of employee population, with much of the area occupied by machinery or equipment.

131. High Hazard Industrial Occupancy These are industrial occupancies that use high hazard materials or processes, or that house high hazard contents. Open Industrial Structures These are industrial occupancies that include operations conducted in open-air as distinguished from enclosure with buildings, such as those often found in oil refining and chemical processing plants where equipment is in the open platforms used for necessary access, sometimes with roofs or canopies to provide some shelter, but without walls.

132. OCCUPANT LOAD The occupant load of industrial occupancies for which exits are to be provided shall be one (1) person per nine and three tenths square meters (9.3 m2) gross floor area; provided that in Special Purpose Industrial Occupancy and for Open Industrial Structures, the occupant load shall be the maximum number of persons to occupy the area under any probable conditions; and further provided that in existing industrial occupancies, the C/MFM having jurisdiction may waive requirements for additional exits if the existing exits are adequate for the maximum number of persons actually employed.

133. Every auditorium, restaurant, office, garage and medical facility in connection with industrial occupancies shall have exits in accordance with the applicable Sections of this RIRR. Exit requirements for specific occupancies shall comply with this Division.

134. PROTECTION (SECTION 10.2.17.3) Detection, Alarm and Communications Systems An approved automatic fire detection and alarm system shall be required in all industrial occupancies, except for buildings with less than twenty-five (25) occupants where such building shall be equipped with manual fire alarm system. Not less than one (1) fire alarm box shall be installed for buildings equipped with automatic fire detection and alarm system. If buildings are equipped with approved, supervised automatic sprinkler system, the flow of water shall initiate the fire alarm system.

135. Extinguishing Requirement Every high-hazard occupancy shall be provided with automatic fire suppression system appropriate to the particular hazard in accordance with NFPA or other internationally accepted standards. Portable fire extinguishers shall be installed in accordance with Section 10.2.6.9 of this RIRR. Standpipe systems shall be installed in accordance with Section 10.2.6.8 of this RIRR.

136. Explosion Prevention Explosion prevention in industrial occupancies shall be in accordance with NFPA 654, Standard for the Prevention of Fires for Dust Explosions from the Manufacturing, processing, and Handling of Combustible Particular Solids, and NFPA 69, Standard on Explosion Prevention Systems .

137. STORAGE OCCUPANCIES (DIVISION 18) OCCUPANCY LOAD The occupant load, in number of persons for whom means of egress and other provisions are required, shall be determined on the basis of the maximum probable population of the space under consideration.

138. PROTECTION (SECTION 10.2.18.2) Protection of Vertical Opening Any vertical opening shall be protected in accordance with Section 10.2.6.5 of this RIRR except for existing open stairs and open ramps shall permitted where connecting only two (2) floor levels. Existing unprotected vertical opening in buildings protected throughout by approved supervised sprinkler system in accordance with Section 10.2.6.7 of this RIRR, vertical openings not constituting as required means of egress may be unprotected provided that all required exits shall consist of smoke-proof enclosure in accordance with Section 10.2.5.4, outside stairway in accordance with Section 10.2.5.5 or horizontal exits in accordance with Section 10.2.5.6 of this RIRR.

139. Detection, Alarm and Communications Systems An approved automatic fire detection and alarm system shall be required on all storage occupancies except for buildings with ordinary or low hazard not exceeding two thousand square meters (2,000 m2) where such building shall be equipped with manual fire alarm system.

140. Not less than one (1) fire alarm box shall be installed for buildings equipped with automatic fire detection and alarm system. If buildings are equipped with approved, supervised automatic sprinkler system, the flow of water shall initiate the fire alarm system.

141. Extinguishing Requirement 1. Every high hazard occupancy shall have automatic fire suppression system protection such as Sprinkler Systems/Water Spray Fixed Systems/Water Mist Fire Protection Systems, Hybrid (Water and Inert Gas) Fire Extinguishing Systems, Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems, Foam-Water Sprinkler and Foam-Water Spray Systems, Dry Chemical Extinguishing Systems, Wet Chemical Extinguishing Systems, Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems, Fixed Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Systems and other equivalent protection as may be appropriate to the particular hazard, including Explosion Prevention Systems/Explosion Protection by Deflagration Venting for any area subject to an explosion hazard, designed to minimize danger to occupants in case of fire or other emergency before they have time to utilize exits to escape.

142. Portable fire extinguishers shall be installed in accordance with Section 10.2.6.9 of this RIRR. Standpipe systems shall be installed in accordance with Section 10.2.6.8 of this RIRR.

143. SPECIAL STRUCTURES (DIVISION 19) Any building or structure occupied for purposes not covered by Division 8 through 18 of this RIRR shall have exits and related safeguards in accordance with the fundamental principles of this Chapter, and shall comply with the following provisions where applicable.

144. example AERODROME FACILITIES FIXED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT AND PASSENGER RAIL SYSTEMS HISTORICAL BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES ,AND HISTORIC CENTERS/HERITAGE ZONES WIND TURBINE ENERGY GENERATING FACILITIES IMMOBILIZED VEHICLE AND VESSELS

145. MOTION PICTURE AND TELEVISION PRODUCTION, STUDIO SOUNDSTAGES AND APPROVED PRODUCTION FACILITIES OFF-SHORE ENERGY FACILITIES PIERS AND WATER-SURROUNDED STRUCTURE SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) SYSTEM TOWERS UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES AND WINDOWLESS BUILDINGS