FISHERIES RESOURCES OF WORLD AND INDIA.pptx

Marine fisheries

1. FISHERIES RESOURCES OF WORLD AND INDIA SUBMITTED BY - SOURABH MAJOKA SUBMITTED TO - MISS REKHA MAM

2. Marine Fishery Resources of the World According to FAO, both Atlantic and Pacific oceans are considered fully fished and sees some prospects for increasing Indian Ocean fisheries as India has one of the longest coastlines in the world. They examined long term trend of 200 major fish resources representing 77% of the marine fish landings of the world and concluded that.  About 47 to 50% of the stocks are fully exploited.  An estimate of 25 to 27% are under exploited or moderately exploited.  Another 15 to 18% are over exploited and have no potential for further increase.  The remaining 9 to 10% stocks have been depleted.

3. Major fluctuations have been recorded for some individual species. High landings are dependent on one or two productive stocks such as Alaska Pollock and Japanese Anchovy in the North West Pacific, Atlantic herring in the North East Atlantic and skipjack and yellow fin tuna in the Western Central pacific. The over all trend depends on major tuna stocks and older categories of marine fish. If the factors influencing capture fisheries such as over fishing, by catch discard and other management measures are not resolved, pressure on capture fisheries will continue and decline in production is certain. In general, the major fisheries of the world occur in two main areas, the areas of wide continental shelf and upwelling areas. The areas of upwelling include Peru, South Africa, North West Africa, California and south west coast of India .

4. Total World Fish Production: The total world fish production from both capture and culture fisheries was 101.8 million tonnes during 1986-1995 which was increased to 178.5 mt in 2018. Of this, 156.4 mt of fish was used for food, providing a per capita appearant consumption of 20.5 kg, remaining 22.2 mt was destined for non-food uses, in particular the manufacture of fish meal and oil and direct feed for aquaculture (data for 2018) .

5. In tropical areas, the trend of increasing catches continued in 2017 and 2018, with catches in the Indian Ocean (areas 51 and 57) and the Pacific Ocean (area 71) reaching the highest levels recorded at 12.3 million tonnes and 13.5 million tonnes, respectively. In the Indian Ocean, catches have been increasing steadily since the 1980s, particularly in area 57, the Eastern Indian Ocean, with catches of small pelagics, large pelagics (tunas and billfish), and shrimps driving most of the increase. In area 71, the Western Central Pacific, tuna and tuna-like species accounted for most of the increase in catches, with skipjack tuna in particular increasing from 1.0 million tones to over 1.8 million tonnes in the last 20 years .

6. World fisheries and aquaculture production and utilization (Source: THE STATE OF WORLD FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE 2020 )

7. INDIAN RESOURCES India is a South Asian country situated between the Himalayas in the north and the Indian Ocean in the south and flanked on either side by Pakistan and Burma. India is a federal republic covers a total area of 3287728 km2. India is a land of diversity. The climate ranges from tropical heat in the south to temperate in the north. The landscape includes towering mountains, extensive alluvial plains, riverine wetlands, plateaus, deserts, coastal plains and deltas. The major physiographic divisions are the Himalayas, the IndoGangetic plains, the Vindhyas, the Satpuras, the Western Ghats, the Eastern Ghats, coastal plains, deltas and the riverine wetlands.

8. India has a total water surface area of 3,14,400 sq. km. along with 8129 km coastline, 0.5 million km2of continental shelf and 2.02 million km2of exclusive Economic zone (EEZ, An exclusive economic zone (EEZ) is a sea zone prescribed by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea over which a sovereign state has special rights regarding the exploration and use of marine resources, including energy production from water and wind. It stretches from the baseline out to 200 nautical miles (nmi) from the coast of the state), with water resources in the form of numerous rivers, streams, wetlands, lakes, etc., and receives an average annual rainfall of 1,100 mm.

9. Inland fisheries resources India's inland fisheries resources are as diverse as they are plentiful, comprising rivers, floodplains, estuaries, mangroves, reservoirs and ponds. In India, inland fisheries is classified as follows: freshwater aquaculture, including the pond culture of carp; brackishwater aquaculture, involving mostly shrimp culture; and capture fisheries in rivers, estuaries, lakes, reservoirs, etc.

10. Rivers There are a large number of rivers in the country which run into a total length of 45,000 km. These rivers fall under 113 river basins having a total catchment area of 3.12 million km2 .There is a large network of perennial rivers, all of which are characterized by very large seasonal variations in their discharge due to seasonal rainfall and prolonged dry periods. The Indian mainland is drained by 15 major (drainage basin >20,000 km?), 45 medium (2,000 to 20,000 km2) and over 102 minor (<2,000 km2) rivers, besides numerous ephemeral streams in the western arid region. These river systems are traditionally grouped, according to their origin, into Himalayan and Peninsular rivers, or according to directions of flow into east-flowing and west-flowing rivers