FLAME PHOTOMETRY

A BRIEF OVERVIEW ABOUT FLAME PHOTOMETRY

1. Flame photometry

2. Major components- Sample delivery system Source Monochromator Detector Read out device

3. Sample delivery system There are three components used to introduce liquid sample: Nebulizer- It is a jet of compressed gas which is used to break up the liquid into small droplets. example -pneumatic nebulizer. Aerosol modifier- it helps to remove large droplets from the stream and allow only smaller droplets to pass. Flame or atomizer- it converts the analyte into free atoms.

4. Source- Burners- it is used to convert the fine droplets of sample solution into free atom. Types of burner used: Total consumption burner Premix burner Lundergraph’s burner

5. Total consumption burner In this fuel and oxidant are hydrogen and oxygen gases Sample solution is aspirated through a capillary by high pressure of fuel and oxydant . And all these burnt at the tip of the burner. Entire sample is consumed.

6. 2. Premix burner In this burner the sample and fuel oxidant are thoroughly mixed before aspiration and reaching to the flame. Advantages- uniformity of the flame produced. Disadvantage- heavy loss during mixing (95%)

7. 3. Lundergraph’s burner In this burner, sample and air (o2) mixed together in a chamber Then this mixed composition send to fuel nozzle where it get atomized and reaches to the flame. Advantages- Disadvantages- only 5% sample reaches to the flame.

8. Monochromator: Example- prism, grating Detector: Example- photomultiplier tubes, photo emissive cell, photo voltaic cell