flight control surfaces

Aircraft flight control surfaces allow a pilot to adjust and control the aircraft's flight altitude as well as direction.

1. Seminar On Flight Control Surfaces G uided By DR. M.S. KHIDIYA Submitted to DR. CHITRANJAN Agarwal Submitted By SWAPNIL JANI B.Tech IV year (Mechanical Engg .) 2016-17 COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING

2. Introduction What and Why Flight control surfaces?? Aircraft flight control surfaces allow a pilot to adjust and control the aircraft's flight  altitude as well as direction. Early efforts at fixed-wing aircraft design succeeded in generating sufficient lift to get the aircraft off the ground, but once aloft, the aircraft proved uncontrollable, often with disastrous results. Hinged control surfaces have the advantage of less stresses and are easier to build into structures.

3. What are different Flight control surfaces?? Ailerons Elevators Rudders Flaps

4. Bernoulli’s Principle   Bernoulli's principle  states that an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in  pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy.

5. Ailerons The ailerons are to control movement around the aircraft’s longitudinal axis (roll axis).   If the pilot applies left pressure to the control column (stick or wheel), the right aileron deflects downward and the left aileron deflects upward . The force of the airflow is altered by these control changes, causing the left wing to lower (because of decreased lift) and the right wing to rise (because of increased lift). This differential in lift causes the aircraft to turn to the left.

6. Elevators T he elevator, controls the aircrafts pitch . Forward movement of the control column lowers the elevator, depressing the nose and raising the tail; backward pressure raises the elevator, raising the nose and lowering the tail and increase the angle of attack.  

7. Flaps Flaps   are extensions of the trailing edge of the wing and can be deflected downward as much as 45°. Many flaps effectively increase wing area, adding to lift and to drag.  U sed to increase the lift of an aircraft wing at a given airspeed . Flaps are used to lower the minimum speed at which the aircraft can be safely flown.

8. Rudder The rudder is a vertical surface, and it controls movement around the aircraft’s vertical axis(yaw). I t counteracts the adverse yaw (rotation around the vertical axis) produced by the ailerons.

9. When rudder is pushed left the air pushes aircraft to move left and similarly in the right direction. Thus a turn is the result of the combined inputs of the ailerons, rudder, and elevator.

10. Conclusion To change the direction of airplane these components are necessary. For  takeoff and in the approach to landing, their deployment is generally to provide greater lift than drag.  In flight or after touchdown, if rapid deceleration is desired, they can be deployed in a manner to greatly increase drag.

11. Refrences https:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Flight _ control _ surfaces https:// www.britannica.com/technology/airplane#ref528012 http :// www.usatoday.com/flaps-spoilers-ailerons-jet-aircraft Aircraft systems by Ian Moir and A llan seabridge

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