Floods in Telangana Climate Change and Disasters July 2022.pptx

Floods in Telangana Climate Change and Disasters July 2022

1. Extreme Weather Events in Telangana Excess Rains, Floods and Heat Waves Climate Change and Disasters Dr N Sai Bhaskar Reddy, Director, CELS, The Earth Center 19th July 2022, Press Club Somajiguda, Hyderabad, India

2. Climate change means we will have more monsoon rain in future, but also more variability in rainfall dispersal over the monsoon and extreme events. Since 1970 the global average temperature has been rising at a rate of 1.7°C per century. The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) are two well-known temporal oscillations in sea surface temperature (SST), which are both thought to influence the interannual variability of Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR). Climate change and human induced disaster increasing such as the ongoing floods, heat waves, etc. Large Excess rainfall in parts of Telangana that is 60% or more above normal rainfall. Climate Change

3. La Nina La Nina conditions will support normal rains The weather phenomenon refers to the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle, which takes into account trade winds and ocean temperatures along the equator. La Nina to be a friend of India. The phenomenon associated with below normal sea surface temperatures in the eastern and central Pacific Ocean, makes the summer monsoon wetter and the winter colder unlike its evil twin, the El Nino, or a warming phenomenon This year, however, the La Nina is being blamed for worsening perhaps the longest spell of heatwaves from March to April in north, west and Central India.

4. Indian Ocean Dipole

5. Rainfall The State receives rainfall from South-West (June–September) and North–East (October–November) monsoons; however, there is large variation in the distribution of rainfall. Telangana generally receives modest rainfall. The average annual rainfall in the state is about 906 mm, 80 percent of which is received from the South-West monsoon.

6. Heat Wave In Telangana region, the mean maximum temperature varies between 40oC and 43oC in May and the mean minimum temperature is 13oC to 17oC in December and January. A heat wave is a climatologically extreme event involving abnormally higher temperature relative to normal15 during the Summer i.e. the months of AprilJune. During this period the temperatures rise considerably, sometimes touching 47ºC in May month in districts like Khammam, Nizamabad, Nalgonda, Karimnagar and Warangal.

7. Heat Waves The state is highly vulnerable to Heatwaves, out of 589 Mandals in the state 568 are vulnerable to heatwave in different scale. a) Based on Departure from Normal • Heat Wave: Departure from normal is 4.5°C to 6.4°C • Severe Heat Wave: Departure from normal is >6.4°C) b) Based on Actual Maximum Temperature (for plains only) • Heat Wave: When actual maximum temperature > 45°C • Severe Heat Wave: When actual maximum temperature >47°C

8. More deaths due to temperature and relative humidity H umidity is as high as 80% during monsoon months (JulySeptember). In the dry months of March, April and May, humidity is generally low with an average of 25 to 30%. Extreme levels of heat stress have more than doubled in the last 40 years, with significant implications for human health. From April 18, 2022, Hyderabad recorded temperatures above 40°C and the maximum temperature remained between 40-42°C. As Earth’s climate warms, heat waves are becoming more frequent and severe. The health dangers of extreme heat have scientists and medical experts increasingly concerned. Wet-bulb temperature is the lowest temperature to which an object can cool down when moisture evaporates from it. The lower the wet-bulb temperature, the easier it is for us to cool down. It measures how well our bodies cool down by sweating when it’s hot and humid, and tells us if conditions may be harmful to our health, or even deadly.

9. Wet Bulb Temperature Once the wet-bulb temperature exceeds 35 degrees Celsius (95 degrees Fahrenheit), no amount of sweating or other adaptive behavior is enough to lower your body to a safe operating temperature,” if the air temperature is 34°C and the relative humidity is 75per cent, the heat index how hot it feels - is 49°C. The same effect is reachedvat just 31°C when the relative humidity is 100percent.

10. Irrigation and increased wet bulb temperature Agricultural irrigation is an important practice for sustaining food production in many regions of the world. Besides improving agricultural yields, irrigation also affects climate conditions, typically lowering land surface temperatures in a field and the surrounding areas. But a new study shows that in some parts of the world, irrigation increases moist heat stress, putting millions of people living in one of the most densely populated regions in the world at risk of adverse health impacts. Higher population density in highly irrigated areas so the risk is high. Both the warming climate and irrigation contribute to the increased extreme moist heat in parts of India.

11. Cloud Seeding P otassium iodide, Silver iodide, dry ice, common salt, etc.

12. Cloudburst A cloudburst is an extreme amount of precipitation in a short period of time, sometimes accompanied by hail and thunder, which is capable of creating flood conditions. Cloudbursts can quickly dump large amounts of water, e.g. 25 mm of precipitation corresponds to 25,000 metric tons per square kilometre (1 inch corresponds to 72,300 short tons over one square mile). However, cloudbursts are infrequent as they occur only via orographic lift or occasionally when a warm air parcel mixes with cooler air, resulting in sudden condensation.

13. Cloud Burst C loudbursts are infrequent as they occur only via orographic lift or occasionally when a warm air parcel mixes with cooler air, resulting in sudden condensation. Rainfall rate equal to or greater than 100 millimetres (3.9 in) per hour is a cloudburst. Rapid precipitation from cumulonimbus clouds is possible due to the Langmuir precipitation process in which large droplets can grow rapidly by coagulating with smaller droplets which fall down slowly.

14. IPCC Reports IPCC has produced the Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) with contributions by its three Working Groups: 1. The Physical Science Basis was released on 9 August 2021 2. Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability was released on 28 February 2022 and 3. Mitigation of Climate Change was released on 4 April 2022. The scientific findings are very alarming and there is an urgency to act immediately. Although, at the United Nations climate change conference in Paris, COP 21, governments agreed that mobilizing stronger and more ambitious climate action is urgently required to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement. Still, we are far behind achieving the goals.

15. NAPCC national missions There are 8 national missions forming the core of the NAPCC which represent multi-pronged, long term and integrated strategies for achieving key goals in climate change. These are- National Solar Mission National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency National Mission on Sustainable Habitat National Water Mission National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem National Mission for A Green India National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change

16. Council for Earth Leadership and Sustainability CELS, The Earth Center conducted Conference of People (31 October 2021 - 12 November 2021) parallel to the COP26 held at Glasgow (UK) - a series of thematic events on climate change and daily review of the international negotiations held at Glasgow. There were about 30 partners, and hundreds of students and experts participated.

17. Council for Earth Leadership and Sustainability Council for Earth Leadership and Sustainability (CELS), The Earth Center is conducting Climate Change capacity building through webinars, trainings, awareness programs, network with organizations on climate change, facilitate participation in online courses on climate change conducted international organizations, encourage participation in the youth action on climate change programs and events, and conduct physical events in the context of the upcoming Conference of Parties of The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Conference of the Parties (COP 27) to the UNFCCC will take place in Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt from 06-18 November 2022.