Floors and floor finishes.pptx

Building Construction

1. CHAPTER- 10 FLOOR AND FLOOR FINISHES PREPARED BY: ER GARIMA NEPAL 1

2. FLOOR: It is the horizontal element of a building structure that divides building into different levels for the purpose of creating more accommodation within limited space. It is a horizontal sanitary surface that supports the occupants of a building, furniture and equipment. REQUIREMENTS OF GOOD FLOOR: Adequate strength and stability Adequate fire resistance Sound Insulation Damp resistance Thermal resistance PREPARED BY: ER GARIMA NEPAL 2

3. TYPES OF FLOOR: Based on the positioning of the floors. Basement floor : Floor which is prepared below the natural ground level is termed as basement floor. It is similar to that of ground floor except its location. Ground floor : Floor which is resting on the ground surface. It is further divided into two types: Solid Ground floor: PREPARED BY: ER GARIMA NEPAL 3

4. b. Suspended Ground Floor: PREPARED BY: ER GARIMA NEPAL 4

5. 3. Upper floor: Floors situated above the ground level. TYPES OF FLOOR: 1. Mud Floor: Used for unimportant building, especially in rural areas. Cheap and easy material. Good thermal insulating property. Construction Process: 25mm thick moist earth is spread. Rammed well to get thickness up to 15mm. Chopped straw is mixed with soil to prevent from cracking. PREPARED BY: ER GARIMA NEPAL 5

6. 2. BRICK FLOOR: These types of floor are made where good bricks are available. Used in stores, ware house. CONSTRUCTION PROCESS: Subgrade is compacted to a desired level. 10-15 mm thick PCC is laid over compacted subgrade. Bricks are laid over PCC and filled completely over mortar. Work is properly cured. ADVANTAGES: Easy in construction and maintenance. Durable and sufficiently hard surface. Provides non-slippery and fire resistive surface. Cheap as compared to other materials. PREPARED BY: ER GARIMA NEPAL 6

7. 3. TIMBER FLOOR: Used where timbers are easily available. CONSTRUCTION PROCESS: Sleeper plates are fixed on the sleeper walls. Floor joists are fixed to the sleeper walls by nailing. DPC is laid below wall plates. Hollow space between flooring and oversite is kept dry and well ventilated. PREPARED BY: ER GARIMA NEPAL 7

8. ADVANTAGES OF TIMBER FLOOR: Aesthetics Easy to Clean Durability Healthy air quality Healthy environment for living Non-conductor of heat and electricity Light weight Economical PREPARED BY: ER GARIMA NEPAL 8

9. 4. FLAGSTONE FLOOR : Stones are used whose shape may vary from square to rectangular. Width of stone may not be less than 38cm and thickness varying from 20-40 mm. CONSTRUCTION PROCESS: Ground is levelled and rammed well. Stone soling is provided about 15 cm thick. Cement concrete is laid over soling of thickness 10-15cm. Flag stones are laid over 20-25 mm thick 1:3 cement sand mortar. PREPARED BY: ER GARIMA NEPAL 9

10. Joints are raked out to a depth of 20mm and flush pointing is done with 1:3 c/s mortar. Slope of 1:40 is maintained to provide drainage. ADVANTAGES OF FLAGSTONE FLOOR: Used where stones are locally available. Easy in construction and maintenance. Hard, durable and resistant to wear and tear. PREPARED BY: ER GARIMA NEPAL 10

11. 5. TILE FLOOR: Made of clay, cement concrete or terrazzo in different shapes and sizes. Commonly used in high class hotels, public buildings, offices, etc. PREPARED BY: ER GARIMA NEPAL 11

12. CONSTRUCTION PROCESS: Ground is levelled and rammed well. Stone soling is provided about 15 cm thick. Cement concrete is laid over soling of thickness 15cm. Mortar is allowed to harden and then slurry is spread over the surface. Tiles are laid and joints are made as thin as possible and cleaned immediately. ADVANTAGES: Quick installation Easy maintenance Provides durable, decorative and non-absorbent floors. PREPARED BY: ER GARIMA NEPAL 12

13. 6. MARBLE FLOOR: Widely used in residential and public buildings. Square and rectangular shapes are used mainly and thickness varies from 20-40 mm. CONSTRUCTION PROCESS: Ground is levelled and rammed well. Stone soling is provided about 15 cm thick. Cement concrete is laid over soling of thickness 15cm. 20mm thick 1:3 c/s mortar is spread under the area of each slab. Marble is placed over mortar and then levelled. Joints are maintained and cleaned. Paved area is cured for at least 7 days. PREPARED BY: ER GARIMA NEPAL 13

14. 7. CONCRETE FLOOR: Generally used in public and residential buildings. CONSTRUCTION PROCESS: Ground is levelled and rammed well. Stone soling is provided about 15 cm thick. Cement concrete is laid over soling of thickness 15cm. Base concrete layer is let to fully harden and surface cleaned thoroughly, then the area is divided into rectangular or square panels with the help od strips. Area on one panel must not exceed 2 square meter. Base concrete should be made damp and applied with a coat of cement slurry. PCC is spread evenly and tamed to provide a finishing surface. Strips used are removed. Concrete is cured for at least 28 days. PREPARED BY: ER GARIMA NEPAL 14

15. UPPER FLOOR: Floors which are situated above the ground level are known as upper floor. Types of upper floor: Based upon the materials used for construction and location of beams, girders etc. TIMBER FLOOR: Light in weight. Poor fire and sound insulating property. Highly vulnerable to termite attacks. PREPARED BY: ER GARIMA NEPAL 15

16. TYPES OF TIMBER FLOOR: Single joist timber floor: Cheapest form of timber floor. Easy in Construction. CONSTRUCTION PROCESS: Wooden joists are placed at 30-40 cm apart along short span and are fixed to the walls through timber wall plates. 25-30 mm thick plank is fixed to the wooden joists. Depth of joists depends upon loading condition. Span is limited to 3.6m. PREPARED BY: ER GARIMA NEPAL 16

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18. b . Double joist timber floor: Stronger than single joist and used for span 3.5 -7.5m. Bridging joists are supported on intermediate wooden support called binders. Bridging joists are kept at a distance 30 cm c/c. Spacing of binder is 2-2.5m. Binders rest on stone or wooden bearing templates which are not less than 0.75-2.5m meters in length. PREPARED BY: ER GARIMA NEPAL 18

19. c . Framed or triple joist timber floor: Used for spans greater than 7.6m. Boarding is supported by bridging joists laid parallel to short span. Bridging joists are fixed to the binder laid parallel to long span. Binders are also supported on girders, which are parallel to short span. Gap is provided for air circulation at the end to avoid defect of rot or decay of timber. PREPARED BY: ER GARIMA NEPAL 19

20. 2. REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE FLOOR: RCC floors are fire proof, damp proof and method of construction is easy. These floors are used for large spans and halls. PREPARED BY: ER GARIMA NEPAL 20

21. 3. REINFORCED BRICK FLOOR: Typical type of construction where compressive stress is taken by bricks and tensile stress by steel rods. Steel rods are inserted between the bricks and filled with mortars. Thoroughly soaked bricks must be used. Reinforcing bars should not be in contact with the bricks. Cheap for slabs carrying lighter loads. PREPARED BY: ER GARIMA NEPAL 21

22. 4. PRECAST CONCRETE FLOOR: RCC precast units are used for floors. They are strong and rigid and work can be completed faster. Precast slabs are directly supported on walls or placed between the rolled steel joists of required section. Cement mortar is used for grouting the joints and floor is completed by giving desired finish. PREPARED BY: ER GARIMA NEPAL 22

23. FLOOR FINISH: It is the top layer of flooring. I t is the layer that you walk on, and it is typically quite decorative layer compared to the layers of flooring beneath it. Characteristics of floor finish: It should be durable. It should be easy to clean. It should be noiseless. It should be good appearance. It should be free from dampness. It should be fire resistant. It should have low maintenance cost. PREPARED BY: ER GARIMA NEPAL 23

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