flow cytometer definition, principal, requirements procedure and application.

Flow cytometry it's introduction, principal, requirements, procedure, application and care and maintenance. This instrument used in medical laboratory technology and other laboratory that used for the seperation of different substance with light beam.

1. Flow Cytometry
Medical lab Instrumentation
Group Members:
Neha Shahbaz
Rimsha Malik
Aimen Shabir
Tania Saleem
Aneeha

2. INTRODUCTION:
• Flow cytometry is a laser-based technique used to study and analyze
the chemical and physical characteristics of cells or particles.

• It was first develop in the 1950s and 1960s by Wallace H. Coulter,
Mack Fulwyler, and other, and has become an essential tool in
many areas of biology, medicine and biotechnology

Flow cytometer:
• A Flow Cytometer is a specialized laboratory instrument that is used to analyze
and sort individual cells based on their physical and Chemical prosperities in a
fluid suspension.

3. • The basic components of flow cytometer are fluidic system , a laser, a flow cell
or cuvette, detector and a Computer

5. Principle:
The basic principle of flow cytometry is based on the measurement of light scattered by particles, and the
fluorescence observed when these particles are passed in a stream through a laser beam.
Working principle:
• The Flow cytometry work on the principle of Hydrodynamic focusing system
• HFS is a technique in which streams of cell or particles are focused into a narrow
stream, by using a sheath fluid that surrounded a sample streams and create a
laminar flow, which reduce the turbulence and direct the particles into the center of
streams.
• A laser beam is used to illuminate the cell.

6. • Fluorescent dyes or antibody is attached to the cell are excited by the laser and
emit light, which is collected by photomultiplier tubed.

• The resulting electric signals are proceed and analyzed by the computer, which
generate a histogram or scatter plot that display measured parameter of cell.

8. •


Forward
Scattering
based on
cell size
Side Scattering show complexity of
cell

12. Types of Flow Cytometry:
• Analytical Flow Cytometer
• These are commonly used type and are designed to measure wide range of cellular properties
such as Size, granularity, and fluorescence intensity.
• They allow simultaneous detection of multiple fluorescent probe, due to multiple laser lines and
detectors.
• Sorting Flow Cytometer

• These have an additional components called a cell sorts, that allow physical separation if cell
based on properties.
• The cell sorter uses a series of electrostatic or mechanical device to sort cell into different
collection tube or plates.
• Imaging Flow Cytometer
• These flow cytometer with high-resolution imaging technology. They use specialized
cameras to capture high resolution images of individual cells they pass through flow cell
allowing foe more detailed analysis of cellular morphology and function.

13. • Micro Fluid Cytometer
• These flow cytometer use micro fluid channels and chips to analyze and sort cells.
• They are often more compact and portable then traditional flow cytometers and can be used
for point-of-care diagnostic and other application.

• Mass Cytometer

• These flow cytometer used a technique called mass cytometry, which measure the mass-to-
charge ratio of individual cell rather then their fluorescence.
• These allow for the simultaneous analysis of many parameters with high accuracy and resolution
and helpful in the study of complex diseases.

Applications:
• It is used in clinical labs for the detection of malignancy in bodily fluids like leukemia.
• Cytometers like cell sorters can be used to separate the cells of interest in separate collection tubes physically.
• It can be used for the detection of the content of DNA by using fluorescent markers.
• Flow cytometers allow the analysis of replication cells by using fluorescent dye for four different stages of the cell
cycle.
• A flow cytometers are used in the study of multi-drug resistant bacteria in the blood and other samples.

14. Maintaince
• Daily Cleaning
• Regular Maintenance
• Quality Control
• Sample separation
• Sheath Fluid
• Temperature Control