fluid and electrolytes management in surgical patients.pptx

fluid and electrolytes management in surgical patients

1. FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES

2. Epidemiology/ Pathophysiology - In an otherwise healthy individual, daily volume requirement estimations may be derived from calculations of weight (30-40ml/kg/day), body surface area (1.5L/meter2/day), and metabolic rate (100ml/100kcal ). However, these methods may be inaccurate in particular patients (ex: a sedentary obese patient, a frail elderly patient, a patient with cancer). Further, surgical conditions such as trauma, acute peritonitis or abscess can result in acute volume loss, inadequate intake and altered metabolic requirements that must be considered when designing a treatment strategy .

3. A patient’s homeostasis is related to total body water and its distribution between intra and extracellular spaces . Up to 60% of the patient’s weight is comprised of water that is distributed between intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments and is dependent upon solute concentrations, osmolarity and the semi-permeable cellular membranes .