FLUID-POWER-SYSTEM In Pneumatic and Hydraulic.pptx

Fluid power system

1. FLUID POWER SYSTEM

2. WHAT IS FLUID POWER? FLUID ( LIQUID OR GAS) USED TO TRANSMIT OR TRANSFER POWER

3. PURPOSE OF FLUID POWER SYSTEM PERFORM WORK THAT CANNOT BE ACCOMPLISHED BY AN UNAIDED HUMAN OR TO PERFORM A TASK QUICKER.

4. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HYDRAULICS AND PNEUMATICS LIQUIDS TAKE SHAPE OF CONTAINER, INCOMPRESSIBLE (MASS AND VOLUMED FIXED) GAS- TAKES SHAPE OF CONTAINER, COMPRESSIBLE ( MASS FIXED,VOLUME VARIABLE)

5. MASS Mass is a fundamental property of matter that quantifies the amount of material in an object. Here’s a more detailed explanation: Definition: Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object or substance. It is an intrinsic property, meaning it does not depend on the object's location or the gravitational field it's in. Characteristics: Scalar Quantity: Mass has magnitude but no direction. Constant: Mass remains the same regardless of where the object is located (on Earth, the Moon, or in space).

6. MASS Units: Metric System: The standard unit of mass is the kilogram (kg). Other units include grams (g), milligrams (mg), and metric tons. Imperial System: Mass is sometimes measured in pounds ( lb ), but this is often referred to as weight in the imperial system. Measurement: Mass is typically measured using a scale or balance, which compares the object to known masses.

7. Relation to Weight: Weight is the force exerted on an object due to gravity and is calculated as: Weight= Mass×Gravitational  Acceleration\text{Weight} = \text{Mass} \times \text{Gravitational Acceleration}Weight= Mass×Gravitational  Acceleration On Earth, gravitational acceleration is approximately 9.8 m/s29.8 \, \text{m/s}^29.8m/s2, so weight varies depending on the gravitational field strength, while mass remains constant. Applications: Mass is a fundamental concept in physics and chemistry, crucial for understanding phenomena like inertia, momentum, and chemical reactions.

8. CHARACTERISTICS OF HYDRAULIC AND PNEUMATICS FLUID LIQUID INCOMPRESSIBLE OIL AND SELF LUBRICATING CAPACITY MEDIUM/HEAVY BEHAVIOR SMOOTH & FIRM HOLDING CLEANLINESS RESERVIOR- FILTERED CONDITIONED CONTAINED DIRTY FLAMMABLE GAS GAS COMPRESSIBLE AIR FREE MUST BE CONDITIONED CAPACITY LIGHT/MEDIUM BEHAVIOR INCONSISTENT CLEANLINESS EXHAUSTED CLEAN

9. FLUID POWER SYSTEM LOSSES -HEAT UNINTENDED PRESSURE DROPS FRICTION NOSE LEAK FLUID CONDUCTOR & FITTING RESISTANCE

10. FLUID POWER SYSTEM ADVANTAGES LARGE STRENGTH HOLDING POWER LOWER INITIAL COST

11. FLUID POWER SYSTEM DISADVANTAGES CLEANLINESS AND ENVIRONMENT CONCERNS NOISE REQUIRE ROUTINE MAINTENANCE SAFETY CONCERNS

12. COMPARISON BETWEEN MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL HYDRAULIC Mechanical Systems 1. Principle of Operation: Mechanical systems use physical components like gears, levers, and cams to transmit and transform motion and force. 2. Components: Common components include gears, belts, chains, levers, and linkages.

13. 3. Advantages: Simplicity: Generally straightforward design and operation. Reliability: Fewer points of failure compared to more complex systems. Cost: Often less expensive to maintain and repair. 4. Disadvantages: Limited Flexibility: Changes in force and motion may require significant mechanical redesign. Wear and Tear: Mechanical parts can wear out over time, leading to maintenance issues. Size and Weight: Mechanical systems can be bulky and heavy.

14. Hydraulic Systems 1. Principle of Operation: Hydraulic systems use fluids (usually oil) to transmit force. The force applied at one point is transmitted through the fluid to create motion or force at another point. 2. Components: Key components include hydraulic pumps, cylinders, valves, and fluid reservoirs.

15. 3. Advantages: High Force and Power: Capable of generating and transmitting large forces and power with relatively small components. Precision Control: Allows for precise control of motion and force. Flexibility: Can easily transmit force over long distances and adjust force output. 4. Disadvantages: Complexity: More complex systems requiring careful design and maintenance. Leakage and Maintenance: Potential for fluid leakage and requires regular maintenance to ensure system integrity. Cost: Generally higher initial cost and ongoing maintenance compared to simpler mechanical systems.

16. Comparison Summary: Mechanical systems are generally simpler and more reliable but can be limited in flexibility and scalability. They are ideal for applications where straightforward force transmission is needed. Hydraulic systems offer greater flexibility and power but come with increased complexity and maintenance requirements. They are suitable for applications requiring high force or precise control. The choice between mechanical and hydraulic systems depends on the specific requirements of the application, including the need for force, control precision, and system complexity.

17. Mechanical Hydraulic Systems 1. Control: Manual Control: Mechanical hydraulic systems are often manually controlled. Operators use levers, knobs, or other manual mechanisms to adjust the hydraulic flow and pressure. Mechanical Linkages: The control of hydraulic fluid flow is achieved through mechanical linkages and valves. 2. Components: Hydraulic Actuators: Use hydraulic cylinders and motors to perform work. Manual Valves: Control the flow of hydraulic fluid manually. Hydraulic Pumps: Generate the hydraulic pressure required for the system.

18. 3. Advantages: Simplicity: Fewer electronic components, which can reduce the risk of system failures due to electronic issues. Reliability: Mechanical systems can be very reliable if properly maintained and are less susceptible to electronic malfunctions. 4. Disadvantages: Less Precision: Manual controls can be less precise compared to electronic controls. Labor-Intensive: Requires more manual intervention and adjustment.

19. Electrical Hydraulic Systems 1. Control: Automated Control: Electrical hydraulic systems use electronic controls to manage the hydraulic actuators. This includes sensors, controllers, and electrical valves. Feedback Mechanisms: Often incorporate feedback loops to adjust the hydraulic parameters in real-time based on sensor input. 2. Components: Electrically Controlled Valves: Use electrical signals to control the flow and pressure of hydraulic fluid. Sensors and Controllers: Monitor and adjust hydraulic parameters automatically. Hydraulic Pumps and Actuators: Work similarly to those in mechanical systems but are controlled electronically.

20. 3. Advantages: Precision: Allows for more precise control and automation of hydraulic systems. Efficiency: Can optimize system performance with real-time adjustments and feedback. Remote Operation: Can be controlled remotely or programmed for specific tasks. 4. Disadvantages: Complexity: More complex systems with higher initial costs and maintenance requirements. Potential for Electronic Failure: Dependence on electronic components can introduce vulnerabilities to system failures due to electrical issues.

21. Comparison Summary: Mechanical Hydraulic Systems offer simplicity and reliability with manual control but lack precision and automation. Electrical Hydraulic Systems provide advanced control, precision, and automation, making them suitable for complex applications but come with increased complexity and cost. In essence, the choice between mechanical and electrical hydraulic systems depends on the needs for control precision, automation, and the complexity you are willing to manage.