Flux Gate Sensor Devices ... Electrical engineering

sensors

1. Flux Gate Sensor Devices Presenter: Muhammad Hashir Bin Khalid 6962318 Presented To : Prof. Dr. Ulrich Hilleringmann

2. Agenda 01. Introduction Introduces the flux gate sensor 02. Operating Principle Working principle; how does it operate 03. Fabrication How the sensor is Fabricated 04. Applications Discussion about some of sensor’s Applications. 05. Q/A Questions and Answers Session 2 Paderborn University Presented To : Prof. Dr. Ulrich Hilleringmann

3. Introduction Initial fluxgate sensors were developed at the start of the 20th century, based on the saturation of a ferromagnetic core. Fluxgate sensors are highly sensitive magnetic field measurement devices used to detect and measure low-intensity magnetic fields with high precision These sensors operate based on the principle of magnetic core saturation, which allows them to convert magnetic field variations into electrical signals. Mass production is feasible, with each sensor requiring 28 mm² of chip area, allowing over 500 chips to be produced from each 150 mm wafer 17 JUNE 2024 Paderborn University 3

4. Operating Principle A fluxgate sensor typically consists of a ferromagnetic core surrounded by one or more primary coils (excitation coils) and secondary coils (sense coils). The core material is chosen for its high magnetic permeability, which allows it to easily become magnetized and demagnetized. An alternating current (AC) is passed through the primary coil, creating an alternating magnetic field in the core. The bar generate its own Magnetic Field. Reverse the current and reverse the direction. If you Do this over again and again and resulting graph shows the output cancels each other. 17 JUNE 2024 Paderborn University 4

5. Operating Principle In the presence of an external magnetic field, the symmetry of the core’s magnetization curve is disrupted. This results in an asymmetry in the harmonics generated. The secondary coil detects these harmonics. When there is no external magnetic field, the harmonics are symmetric, but when an external magnetic field is present, the harmonics become asymmetric. This will allow you to measure external Field. By Using multiple sensor you can measure magnetic field in 3 dimensions Range In low-noise applications, sensitivities range from 10 to 100 μ V/ nT (microvolts per nanotesla). For standard or general-purpose applications, sensitivities range from 100 to 500 μ V/ nT. • High-performance fluxgate sensors can achieve even higher sensitivities equivalent to 1000 to 30000 μ V/ nT 17 JUNE 2024 Paderborn University 5

6. Fabrication 17 JUNE 2024 Paderborn University 6

7. Fabrication 17 JUNE 2024 Paderborn University 7

8. Fabrication 17 JUNE 2024 Paderborn University 8

9. Applications 17 JUNE 2024 Paderborn University 9 Coil Winding : Wind primary (excitation) and secondary (sense) coils around the core with precision. Insulation and Encapsulation : Insulate the coils to prevent short circuits. Encapsulate the assembly in a protective casing. Assembly and Integration : Integrate the sensor into a housing with electrical connectors and additional components if necessary. Geophysical Surveys : Used to map the Earth's magnetic field and detect mineral deposits. Astronomical Observations : Employed in space missions to measure the magnetic fields of planets and other celestial bodies. Navigation : Integral in electronic compasses for accurate direction finding.

10. Applications 17 JUNE 2024 Paderborn University 10 Coil Winding : Wind primary (excitation) and secondary (sense) coils around the core with precision. Insulation and Encapsulation : Insulate the coils to prevent short circuits. Encapsulate the assembly in a protective casing. Assembly and Integration : Integrate the sensor into a housing with electrical connectors and additional components if necessary. Industrial Applications: Used in machinery and infrastructure monitoring to detect magnetic irregularities. Research: Utilized in laboratories for studying magnetic phenomena. Much More

11. Q / A Thank You