Fodder maize slidshare

fodder maize production , history , sowing method , insect pest diseases, harvesting, and expected output/yield.

1. Name :Muhammad H ammad A kram Semeste r : 3 rd –B Roll no : 14 Submitted to :Mr.usman Bashir Topic : Fodder maize crop

2. N omenclature Kingdom : plantae Order : poales Family : poaceeae Subfamily : panicoideae Genus : Zea Specie : Zea mays

3. Origin and history Several theories about origin of maize in Mesoamerica . It is direct domestication of Mexican annual teosinte . First domesticated in southern Mexico about 10,000 year ago. Teosintes are critical components of maize evolution. Teosintes doesn't look much like maize-beadle .

4. Production of fodder maize

5. Fodder maize Maize is an important kharif fodder  crop. W hich gives very palatable. H ighly succulent and nutritionally rich fodder . It is free from antimetabolites. It is a most favorable crop for silage making.  Maize  grain is also an important feed component of dairy cattle and poultry feed.

6. Sowing Time Maize a important e kharif fodder crop that is grown in march-september .

7. Sowing Areas of P unjab Attock Sahiwal Pakpattan Rawalpindi Gujranwala Multan Islamabad Lahore Lodhran Jehlum Sialkot Vehari Chakwal D.G khan Muzzafar gardh Sarghoda Bahawalpur Layyah Bhakar Rahim yar khan Kasur Faislabad Bahawalnagur Narowal Toba tek singh Okara Rajanpur Jhangh Khanewal khusab

8. Sindh Khyber pakhton khaw Karachi Peshawar malakand B ajour Thatta charsada swat D ir upper Badin nowshera chitral D ir lower Hyderabad mardan D.I khan Balochistan Dadu swabi bannu quetta Mirpurkhas kohat Khyber zhob M anshera khurram loralai Abbottabad Orakzai Musakhail

9. Seed rate 40-50kg/acre healthy seed is used for fodder purpose .

10. Preparation of field presowing irrigation Ploughing 2-3 harrowing Land leveling Rotavator

11. Implements Chisel plough Mouldboard plough Rotatory tiller Tined cultivator Disc plough

12. Harrowing

13. Ploughing

14. Chisel plough

15. Mould board plough

16. Rotatory tiller

17. Tined cultivator

18. Disc plough

19. Dibbling

20. Sowing method Ridge sowing ( ridges are made 75cm apart with tracter drawn ridger ) Flat sowin g (75cm distance between the rows) Drilling (row to row distance 1 feet by seed drill) Plant to plant distance 20-25 cm Thining is done after 10-15 days of emergence Plant population should be 70,000-75,000 per hectare

21. Tractor drawn ridger

22. Hand drill

23. Push row planter

24. Irrigation Ist irrigation(3 weeks after sowing) Later irrigate (according to crop requirement)

25. Drip irrigation

26. Sprinkle irrigation

27. Furrow irrigation

28. Flood irrigation

29. Fertilizer At sowing : 1 bag of DAP+1/2 bag of potash When crop is 1.5-2 ft tall : 1/2 to 1 bag of urea.

30. Urea

31. Dap

32. Deficiency of fertilizer

33. Insect/Pest of maize Stem borer Shoot fly Pink stem borer Shoot bug Spider mites Corn worm Termites army worms Aphid Ash weevil Corn root worm

34. Stem borer (chlorpyrifos-carbufuran)

35. Shoot fly (triazophos-carbaryl-carbufran)

36. Pink stem borer (furadan)

37. Shoot bug (bacillus thruigiensis)

38. Spider mites (carbofuran-carbaryl)

39. Corn worm (B.T-chlorpyrifos)

40. Termites (chlorfenopyr-tenakil)

41. Army worm (Emamectin-lufenoran)

42. Aphids (Acephate-spinosad)

43. Ash weevil (Carbofuran-carbaryl)

44. Corn root worm (Lursban-chlorpyrifos)

45. Diseases Downy mildew Bacterial stalk rot Leaf blight Charcoal rot Rust Dwarf mosaic virus

46. Downy mildew (phosphoni acid)

47. Bacterial stalk rot

48. Leaf blight (Mancozeb-captan)

49. Charcoal rot (carbendazim-captan)

50. Mosaic dwarf virus

51. Rust (Mancozeb)

52. Weeds ( Competition of  weeds  with  maize  plants is maximum 2 – 5 weeks after crop emergence ) weedicides (Acetochlor-Nicosulfuran-Atrzine)1.5kgin 1000literwater per hac Purple nutsedge (deela ), Horsepurslane (itsit ) Slender amaranth ( jangli chulai, kurand ) Digera ( tandla) Jungle rice ( jangli swank) Burclover (maina) S wine cress ( jangli haloon).

53. J angli haloon(swine cress)

54. Jangli swank(jungle rice)

55. Purplenutsedge(Deela)

56. Digera(tandla)

57. Burclover(maina )

58. Slender amaranth(kurand)

59. HorsePurslane(itsit)

60. Harvesting The crop is ready to harvest 55 to 65 days The crop is harvested when 50% of flower are apparent

61. Forage combine harvester It is used when moisture level drop below 18% to 24% and then dried to below 14% for delivery or storage

62. Yeild 500 maund per acre 60-70 t/ha

63. Varieties Neelum Agaiti-85 Akbar S ahiwal 2002 Sarghoda 2002* Kashmir gold Sultan Azam Kisan-90

64. Storage/silage Store at moisture content 15% Temperature for storage 20-25 c Humidity 30-50%