Food chain,food web, forest ecosystem

1. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

2. TOPICS F OOD CHAIN FOOD WEB ECOLOGICAL PRYMIDS FOREST ECO SYSTEM PREPARED BY, VARUN KARTHIKEYAN

3. FOOD CHAIN Food Chain —series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten Arrows go in the direction of how energy is transferred Start with producer and end with top consumer or carnivore Ex: grass cricket frog raccoon

4. TYPES OF FOOD CHAIN Grazing Food Chain It Starts With Green Plants And Goes To The Decomposer Food Chain It Is Found In Grassland & Pond Ecosystem Detritus Food Chain It Starts With Dead Organic Matter It Is Found In Grassland & Forest Ecosystem

5. IMPORTANT FACTS ABOUT FOOD CHAINS In a food chain each organism obtains energy from the one at the level below. Plants are called producers because they create their own food through photosynthesis 3 Animals are consumers because they cannot create their own food, they must eat plants or other animals to get the energy that they need.

6. Trophic Levels—each step in a food chain 1. Level 1—Producers ( autotrophs ) 2. Level 2—Primary Consumers (herbivores) 3. Level 3—Secondary Consumers (carnivores or omnivores) 4. Level 4—Tertiary Consumers (carnivore—usually top carnivore)

7. FOOD WEB A food web is “an interlocking pattern of food chains it show how plants and animals are connected in many ways to help them all survive. Hawks Weasels Raccoons Mice Grass

8. FOOD WEB

9. ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS It’s A Graphical Representation Of The Structure And Function Of Tropic Levels Of An Ecosystem Is Called Ecological Pyramids Types Of Ecological Pyramids Pyramid By Numbers Pyramid Of Energy Pyramid Of Bio Mass

10. PYRAMID OF NUMBERS

11. PYRAMID OF ENERGY Energy Pyramid shows relative amount of energy available at each trophic level Organisms in a trophic level use the available energy for life processes (such as growth, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, metabolism,etc .) and release some energy as heat

12. PYRAMID BY ENERGY

13. PYRAMIDS OF BIOMASS IT represents the amount of living organic matter at each trophic level 10% 100% 1% .1

14. Represents amount of energy available at each level as well as amount of living tissue—both decrease with each increasing trophic level ENERGY AND BIOMASS PYRAMID (TOGETHER)

15. FOREST ECOSYSTEM The forest is one of the main resource in our world. Nearly it occupies 40% of the world’s land area In india 19% of the land is occupied by the forest

16. FORESTS

17. Deciduous Forest Large, flat leaves that drop off in the Fall, new leaves grow in Spring. Leaves change color with the seasons. These trees grow in places that have warm, wet summers and cold winters. Winter

18. TROPICAL RAIN FOREST These trees grow in places that are hot and wet all year. Trees are very tall and the leaves are always green. The forest has three layers. Forest floor Understory Canopy

19. COASTAL FOREST Grows in places where there is lots of rain. Temperature is not too hot or too cold, just cool. Has three layers just like the rain forest: canopy, understory, forest floor .

20. CONIFEROUS FOREST Grows in places with very cold winters and cool summers. The leaves look like needles so they don’t need very much water. Seeds grow in cones. Get less rain than all the other forests. Seed cone

21. CHARACTERISTICS OF FOREST ECOSYSTEM It is characterised by the warm temperature and adequate rainfall it make generation of no of ponds ,lakes.. It maintain climate and rainfall It gives shelter to wild animals Soil is rich in organic matter Lack of sunlight into forest so the conversation of the organic matter into nutrients is very fast

22. ABIOTIC COMPONENTS OF FOREST ECOSYSTEM It Is A Physical Components About The Climate, Temperature, Light, Rainfall And Minerals

23. THE BIOTIC COMPONENTS OF FOREST ECOSYSTEMS Producers (autotrophs) - Photosynthesis Consumers (heterotrophs) - Aerobic respiration Decomposers

24. Any queries?

25. THANK YOU BY K.V.VARUN KARTHIKEYAN