Food Security vs Food Safety-Factors of Food Security.pptx

Food Security is a challenging area that affects both the authorities and locals of any country or state. Food Safety is one of the many factors that plays role in ultimate status of food security.

1. FOOD SECURITY VS FOOD SAFETY Khush Bakhat Razzaq

2. Food Safety According to The Australian Institute of Food Safety, Food Safety refers to ‘handling, preparing and storing food in a way to best reduce the risk of individuals becoming sick from foodborne illnesses. High complexity High Transnationality Index(TNI), 1990-1999 INTRODUCTION The UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) defines food security in the following terms: “Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food which meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.” •Physical availability of food •Economic and physical access to food •Food utilization Stability Food Security By UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) : “ Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food which meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.” •Physical availability of food •Economic and physical access to food •Food utilization Stability

3. •‘ Nutrition Security ’, ‘ Food Safety ’ and ‘Food Security’ are interlinked. • World Health Organization (WHO) suggests that, •each year, almost one in 10 individuals fall into Foodborne illness . •Children under 5 years of age carry 40% of the foodborne disease burden. • 420,000deaths a year due tofoodborne illnesses. • 230,000diarrheal deaths a year due to contaminated food. • WHO took 10 years to compile this data. • Examples of outbreaks due to food unsafety • Salmonella outbreaks in 1985 in Chicago , USA , due tainted milk produced at Hillfarm Dairy .Atleast 16,000 cases of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium were documented ,between 150,000 and 250,000 people in total; nine deaths. • Melamine poisoning in the Chinese milk in 2008 , in milk, infant formula and other food materials . An estimated 300,000 individuals developed kidney stones. Six infants died, an estimated 54,000 babies were hospitalized. LINK BETWEEN SECURITY AND SAFETY

4. • Production (Field Crops + Livestock) •Available Land •Improved Crop Practices and Technology= Inter-Cropping, Seed Quality, nuclear and isotopic techniques, Smart Zoning, smart scouting, smart fertilizer application, Climate Smart Agriculture, , integrated pest management, smart crops, genetically modified plants ) •In Kenya , Mango Samples were taken and IPM were applied, the adoption of one, two, or three or more IPM practices provides yield gains of 6%, 27% and 95%, respectively. •Environmental and Geographical Factors •Water Sources=Surface Water, Groundwater, Rainwater, Furrow Irrigation, 0.1-0.3m wide) •Fertility( 45% mineral , 5% organic matter , 20-30% water , and 20-30% air by College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, (Iron, Potassium, Magnesium, Calcium, Sulphur ), Soil Layers ). •Acc. to National Institute of Health , Malawian children have more selenium status on southern , calcareous soils, rich in selenium. FOOD AVAILABILITY

5. •Demographic Factors(population) •Urbanization Political Factors( Digita l Girdawri (Urea) ,Kissan Card, Subsidy of Fertilizers and Seeds, E-Voucher Based Fertilizer Subsidy, E-Voucher Based Cotton Seed Subsidy (8070), Potash Subsidy Scheme (Agriculture Department in FY 2018-19, Punjab), Subsidy on Gram(for main Gram producing districts i.e. Bhakkar, Mianwali, Khushab, Sargodha, Muzaffargarh, Layyah). •Self-sufficiency •Global Trade( Tariff, Quarantine, Trade Rules ). Acc. to BioScience , Between 1986 and 2010 , food availability was improved by trade for about 75% countries. Belgium prohibits the importation of plants attacked by insects or disease . •Food Losses FAO estimates that about one third of the food produced in the world every year – about 1.3 billion tons – is lost or wasted. FOOD AVAILABILITY

6. FOOD ACCESSIBILITY •Distribution •Unequal land distribution •Funds • For Example: 32 districts of Balochistan , Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Sindh , 23 in IPC AMN Phase 4 ( Critical ), five in IPC AMN Phase 3 ( Serious ) and four districts in IPC AMN Phase 2 (Alert) (Integrated Food Security Phase Classification Acute Malnutrition ) the availability of, and access to , wheat in Northwest Frontier Province (NWFP) and in Punjab. A complete shutter-down strike by the Awami Action Committee in Skardu, Gilgit, and other districts against an increase in the subsidised wheat rate and other grievances in 2024 . The richest districts in Pakistan receive about five times more public funds than the poorest. • Income and Household Size •Food Prices •Military actions the Federally Administered Tribal Areas , or Baluchistan and the NWFP.

7. Floods •In 2003, in Sindh Province due to monsoon rainfall , Urban Flooding also hit Karachi •In 2007 , in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Sindh and coastal Balochistan due to monsoon rainfall. •In 2010 , in almost all of Pakistan due to record breaking rains in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab . •In 2011 , flood in province of Sindh as a result of monsoon rains. •In September 2014 , due to massive rain, flooding in Jammu and Kashmir and in Punjab . • 2017 Karachi Floods •In August 2020, Karach i received the heaviest rain in a single day ever in its history •The 2022 floods submerged one third of the country . •In 2024 In Afghanistan and In Pakistan(Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) due to heavy rain. •It was reported that the flood damage to Crops in Sindh alone amounted to approximately Rs297 billion . Drough t •Between 2013 and 2014 •In Thar consisting districts of Umerkot and Tharparkar •In Human Development Index for Pakistan , Tharparkar was ranked in the bottom category. •As the drought worsened through late 2014 into early 2015 , newspapers reported on the deaths of dozens of children FLOODS AND DROUGHTS

8. •Safe Food( Diabetes, Hypertension, Cardiovascular diseases, Gastrointestinal diseases ) •Nutritious Food( Vitamin, Minerals, Antioxidants ) Health Condition •Diverse Food Acc. to World Health Organization, Fruits, vegetables, legumes (e.g. lentils and beans), nuts and whole grains (e.g. unprocessed maize, millet, oats, wheat and brown rice). •Cultural Factors •Eating Patterns •Lifestyle, A cross-sectional study of inhabitants of Portugal , aged 18 years or older concluded Food Insecure people to have: Physical activity below recommendations Smoking habits , Alcohol consumption above the recommended levels. Most individuals( 49.9% ) had a lifestyle score of two . FOOD UTILIZATION

9. STATUS OF FOOD INSECURITY IN PAKISTAN •Floods •Droughts •Unequal Land Distribution •Unfair share of funds •Adulteration •Poor Hygienic Practices •Contaminated Water •In 1948 , the United Nations recognized the right to food as a human right. • In 2009 , Pakistan was ranked 58th among 84 developing countries ( India was ranked 65t h) • 2011 National Nutrition Survey, southern province of Sindh, 50% of children under the age of five were stunted . • Employment-to-Population ratio is estimated at 47.6 per cent in 2023 •In the 2023 Global Hunger Index, Pakistan ranks 102nd out of the 125 countries • 2.14 million children in parts of Pakistan are suffering acute malnutrition •Acc. to IPC, Over 2 million children have acute malnutrition after 2022 flooding ,

10. CONCLUSION •Fight for Nutrition vs Education . • Child Labor •Exploitation by Extremists • Article 38 of the Pakistani Constitution , state's responsibility to promote social and economic well-being. •The solution is not only in land or agricultural reforms , or in international conferences discussing global food prices . •change of mindset. For example, to improve status of women . • Structural causes and solutions. •The struggle for food goes hand by hand with the struggle for justice and rule of law. Sustainable food production expert Jason Clay states that: “We have to produce as much food in the next 40 years as we have in the last 8,000… And if we want to do it without expanding further into the environment, we’re going to have to produce twice as much food on the same amount of land.