Force

Force? How force can produce effects on our position or position of any object which is in moving or rest condition. Force can disturb their position by applying it in proper direction and enough magnitude. Different types of force according to their application and point of application. A force system is also defined well with its different segments like - co planer, concurrent,co planer concurrent etc. Spring force, friction force, normal force, air resisting force, gravity force, tension force etc. described briefly.

1. ForceForce

2. What is Force?What is Force?

Force is the action of Force is the action of
one body on the one body on the
another body.another body.
oror
Force may be defined Force may be defined
as an action which as an action which
changes or tends to changes or tends to
change the state of change the state of
rest or of uniform rest or of uniform
motion of body.motion of body.

3. Newton's second law of motionNewton's second law of motion

force = mass * acceleration force = mass * acceleration
= mass * length/( time )2 = mass * length/( time )2

The original form of Newton's second The original form of Newton's second
law states that the net force acting law states that the net force acting
upon an object is equal to the rate at upon an object is equal to the rate at
which its momentum changes with which its momentum changes with
time. time.

4. Effect of a ForceEffect of a Force

1. A force can change the motion of a 1. A force can change the motion of a
body. If a body is at rest, the force may body. If a body is at rest, the force may
set it into the motion and if the body is set it into the motion and if the body is
already in the motion, the force may already in the motion, the force may
accelerate or retard it.accelerate or retard it.

2. It can bring the object in to rest by 2. It can bring the object in to rest by
retarding the motion of the object.retarding the motion of the object.

3. It can produce internal stresses in the 3. It can produce internal stresses in the
body, on which it acts.body, on which it acts.

5. Types of Forces Types of Forces

1. Contact Forces -1. Contact Forces -

(a) Frictional Force(a) Frictional Force

(b) Tension Force(b) Tension Force

(c) Normal Force(c) Normal Force

(d) Air Resistance Force(d) Air Resistance Force

(e) Applied Force(e) Applied Force

(f) Spring Force(f) Spring Force

2. Action-at-a-Distance Forces -2. Action-at-a-Distance Forces -

(a) Gravitational Force(a) Gravitational Force

(b) Electrical Force(b) Electrical Force

(c) Magnetic Force(c) Magnetic Force

6. 1. Applied Force1. Applied Force

A force that is applied A force that is applied
to an object by a to an object by a
person or another person or another
object. object.

If a person is pushing If a person is pushing
a desk across the a desk across the
room, then there is an room, then there is an
applied force acting applied force acting
upon the object. The upon the object. The
applied force is the applied force is the
force exerted on the force exerted on the
desk by the person.desk by the person.

7. 2. Gravity Force2. Gravity Force

The force of gravity The force of gravity
is the force with is the force with
which the earth, which the earth,
moon, or other moon, or other
massively large massively large
object attracts object attracts
another object another object
towards itself. towards itself.

This is the weight This is the weight
of the object. of the object.

8. 3. Normal Force3. Normal Force

The normal force is The normal force is
the support force the support force
exerted upon an exerted upon an
object that is in object that is in
contact with another contact with another
stable object. stable object.

If a person leans If a person leans
against a wall, the against a wall, the
wall pushes wall pushes
horizontally on the horizontally on the
person.person.

9. 4. Friction Force4. Friction Force

The friction force is The friction force is
the force exerted by a the force exerted by a
surface as an object surface as an object
moves across it or moves across it or
makes an effort to makes an effort to
move across it. move across it.

There are at least two There are at least two
types of friction force - types of friction force -
slidingsliding and and static static
friction.friction.

10. 5. Air Resistance Force5. Air Resistance Force

The air resistance is a The air resistance is a
special type of frictional special type of frictional
force that acts upon force that acts upon
objects as they travel objects as they travel
through the air. through the air.

The force of air resistance The force of air resistance
is often observed to is often observed to
oppose the motion of an oppose the motion of an
object. object.

This force will frequently This force will frequently
be neglected due to its be neglected due to its
negligible magnitude negligible magnitude

11. 6. Tension Force 6. Tension Force

The tension force is the The tension force is the
force that is transmitted force that is transmitted
through a string, rope, through a string, rope,
cable or wire when it is cable or wire when it is
pulled tight by forces pulled tight by forces
acting from opposite ends. acting from opposite ends.

The tension force is The tension force is
directed along the length directed along the length
of the wire and pulls of the wire and pulls
equally on the objects on equally on the objects on
the opposite ends of the the opposite ends of the
wire.wire.

12. 7. Spring Force7. Spring Force

The spring force is the The spring force is the
force exerted by a force exerted by a
compressed or stretched compressed or stretched
spring upon any object spring upon any object
that is attached to it. that is attached to it.

An object that compresses An object that compresses
or stretches a spring is or stretches a spring is
always acted upon by a always acted upon by a
force that restores the force that restores the
object to its rest or object to its rest or
equilibrium position. equilibrium position.

13. Force Systems Force Systems
A force system is a collection of forces A force system is a collection of forces
acting on a body in one or more planes acting on a body in one or more planes
1. Collinear 1. Collinear
2. Concurrent2. Concurrent
3. Co-planer 3. Co-planer
4. Coplanar Concurrent4. Coplanar Concurrent
5. Non - Coplanar Concurrent 5. Non - Coplanar Concurrent
6. Coplanar non-concurrent6. Coplanar non-concurrent
7. Non -coplanar non -concurrent7. Non -coplanar non -concurrent

14. 1. Collinear -1. Collinear - The forces whose lines of action lie on the same line are known The forces whose lines of action lie on the same line are known
as collinear forces.as collinear forces.
2. Concurrent -2. Concurrent - The forces, which meet at one point, are known as concurrent The forces, which meet at one point, are known as concurrent
forces. Concurrent forces may or may not be collinear.forces. Concurrent forces may or may not be collinear.
3. Co planer - 3. Co planer - The forces whose line of action lie on the same plane, are known The forces whose line of action lie on the same plane, are known
as co planer forces.as co planer forces.
4. Coplanar Concurrent Forces -4. Coplanar Concurrent Forces - The forces, which meet at one point and their The forces, which meet at one point and their
lines of action lie on the same plane, are known as coplanar concurrent forces.lines of action lie on the same plane, are known as coplanar concurrent forces.
5. Non - Coplanar Concurrent Forces -5. Non - Coplanar Concurrent Forces - The forces, which meet at one point but The forces, which meet at one point but
their lines of action do not lie on the same plane, are known as coplanar non-their lines of action do not lie on the same plane, are known as coplanar non-
concurrent forces.concurrent forces.
6. Coplanar non-concurrent -6. Coplanar non-concurrent - The forces, Which do not meet at one point but The forces, Which do not meet at one point but
their line of action lie on the same plane, are known as coplanar non-concurrent their line of action lie on the same plane, are known as coplanar non-concurrent
forces.forces.
7. Non -coplanar non -concurrent -7. Non -coplanar non -concurrent - The forces, which do not meet at one point The forces, which do not meet at one point
and their line of action do not lie on the same plane, are known as non and their line of action do not lie on the same plane, are known as non
-coplanar non -concurrent forces. -coplanar non -concurrent forces.

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A Power Point Presentation ByA Power Point Presentation By

Yogendra Singh ShekhawatYogendra Singh Shekhawat
B. Tech, Mechanical EngineeringB. Tech, Mechanical Engineering