Forensic investigation

Forensic investigation in pakistan

1. Forensic Investigation Asadullah Malik

2. Introduction National Forensic Science Agency (NFSA) is a project under the National Police Bureau, Ministry of interior, Govt. of Pakistan. The agency provides forensic services, training and guidance to Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs), Government Departments . Forensic Science Laboratories have been established to improve criminal detection facilities in Pakistan and also to enhance the capacity of law enforcement agencies through training and by provided them with latest criminal investigation techniques using modern scientific tools.

3. What is Forensic Science? Forensic science means applying scientific methods and processes to solving crimes. Is becoming one of the most important crime fighting tools available to the criminal justice community

4. Forensic Science Laboratory National Forensic Science Agency, Islamabad (DNA) Forensic Science Laboratory, Islamabad Forensic Science Laboratory, Lahore Forensic Science Laboratory, Karachi Forensic Science Laboratory, Quetta Forensic Science Laboratory, Peshawar

5. Types of Forensic Investigation Digital Forensics Narcotics Toxicology DNA and Serology Pathology Finger Print Trace Chemistry Forensic Photography

6. Digital Forensics The science to investigate, extract, analyse and report the findings of digital evidence is known as Digital Forensics. The digital devices such as smart phones, laptops and tablets are an essential part of our life, and we control our virtual life though these devices. Information these devices generate can be potential evidence in investigation and help solve complex criminal cases .

7. Categories Digital Forensics Audio Visual Analysis Computer Forensics Mobile Forensics

8. Audio Visual Analysis Audio / Visual Analysis Unit will deal with the scientific examination, comparison and/or evaluation of audio and video evidence in legal matters. The Audio Visual Analysis Department will be equipped with latest forensic tools for audio and video analysis Clarification of Audio evidence using different noise reduction and other method Clarification of Video evidence for identification and association of different events happened by video surveillance systems. Video forensics reliably digitizes video tape footage onto a computer system, be able to separate camera views form multiplexed  CCTV footage, convert digital video from DVR devices into digital video formats usable for forensic analysis.

9. Computer Forensics Scientific examination and analysis of Digital Storage Media for example hard drives, USB,, CD/DVD etc. The goal of computer forensics is to examine digital media in a forensically sound manner with the aim of identifying, preserving, recovering, analyzing and presenting facts and opinions about the information. Recovery of deleted digital data (Software/Hrdware).

10. Mobile Forensics Mobile device forensics is a branch of digital forensics relating to recovery of digital evidence or data from a mobile device under forensically sound conditions. Retrieve/acquire evidence from digital media.

11. Narcotics Forensic Narcotics covers illegal drugs. Drugs that cause addiction, habituation and make change in perceptions

12. Toxicology Toxicology is the study of the adverse effects of chemicals on living organisms. Forensic toxicology takes it a step further by encompassing the measurement of alcohol, drugs and other toxic substances in biological specimens and interpretation of such results in a medico legal context.

13. Serology and DNA The term ‘Serology’ referred to the non-cellular part of the blood, hence serology calls out analyzing blood in mind whenever the term is used; but in addition to blood evidence, Forensic Serologist also conducts chemical examinations of other body fluids e.g. semen and saliva.

14. DNA DNA profiling Clean and dry Bone OR plucked nails OR plucked teeth or plucked hair (order of preference) DNA profiles of the crime scene evidence and suspects are matched with each other to identify the perpetrator of the crime. DNA cross matching Original exhibit containing blood, semen or saliva stain if the exhibit is portable OR swab taken from the place of occurrence

15. DNA DNA typing services in the following cases Murder Rape Accidents Crimes against property

16. DNA Potential Samples For Forensic DNA Analysis Clothes Items of personal use Facial tissue, cotton swab Toothpick Used cigarette butt Stamp or envelope Bottle, can, or glass Bite mark Bones, Teeth ,Hair

17. Case 22 May 2011 Attack on Pakistan Naval Shipping Mehran Base. DNA tests were carried out to identify the terrorists . But it was found that the terrorists were not registered Pakistanis because their profiles were not matched with the NADRA database

18. Pathology The Department of Forensic Pathology is responsible for determining the cause and manner of death Investigation of sudden, violent, suspicious and unexpected deaths Services Provided by Forensic Pathology Department Well established and state of the art autopsy hall is available for postmortem examination. Forensic pathology also has an additional autopsy room for the postmortem of decomposed bodies.

19. Pathology Fixed and mobile X-ray units are available to take x- rays of the desired parts of the dead body. PFSA provides Forensic Histopathology( microscopic examination of tissue) services Determines the absence or presence of drugs and their metabolites, chemicals and factor in the cause and manner of death.

20. Finger Print Patent prints can be found on a wide variety of surfaces: smooth or rough, porous (such as paper, cloth or wood) or nonporous (such as metal, glass or plastic) Latent print s are formed when the body's natural oils and sweat on the skin are deposited onto another surface. It is not usually visible to the naked eye but may be detected with special techniques such as dusting with fine powder and then lifting the pattern of powder with transparent tape. No two persons can have the same fingerprints and therefore it is a perfect mean of personal identification .

21. FINGERPRINT USED FINGERPRINT TECHNIQUE MOSTLY USED IN BANK ROBBERY,DACOITY HOUSE BREAKING THEFT TERRORIST ACTIVITES BOMB DISPOSABLE SQUADS SMUGGLING FORGING DOCUMENTS TRACING DNA- PROVE RELATION

22. Trace Chemistry “Trace materials that could be transferred during the commission of a violent crime.” Trace evidence can be analyzed both physically and chemically At a crime scene, there are often tiny fragments of physical evidence such as hairs, fibers from clothing or carpeting, or pieces of glass that can help tell the story of what happened.

23. Forensic photography, also referred to as crime scene photography Their photos are used to analyze and prepare reports about a crime and may be submitted as evidence in court cases Crime scene photographers, also known as forensic photographers Forensic Photography

24. Forensic Photography Three types of photography Overviews Mid range Closeup

25. THANKS