Forest biomes

presentation covering forest by types

1. Forest Biomes By Pramod Kedari

2. Biome An eco system becomes biome when all the plants , animal and soils are studied collectively

3. Types of biome Land biome Aquatic biome Grassland biome Forest biome Tropical forest Deciduous forest Taiga forest Tundra forest Marine Fresh water tropical temperate

4. Tropical Evergreen Rain-forest Biome

5. Tropical evergreen rain-forest biome Location: 10 N and 10 S latitudes Amazon Basin ( south America), Congo Basin ( Africa), Indo-Malaysian Region ( java Sumatra Borneo Malaysia And Guinea) Climate: Average rainfall about 2000mm or even more Monthly rainfall about 200mm Mean annual temperature around 20 c Highest temperature in summer is about 30 c

6. Tropical evergreen rain-forest biome Species composition: Numerous species of plants can be found Trees are most significant member Creepers and climbers are second most important member Vegetation: 4 layers present First layer consist of upper most tree canopy Trees are present in second layer Third layer is formed of lower and smaller trees In fourth layer shrubs are present

7. Animal life: Animals are least mobile Herbivores:- several species of deer's , species of howler monkey Birds: tinamous, humming birds, parrots

8. Reptiles: snakes, tree frogs, lizards Predators: jaguar, tiger

9. Tropical evergreen rain-forest biome Adaptations: Most of animals are arboreal Provided with claws adhesive padding finger toes and several clinging mechanism Some have developed ability glide in air fox, tree frogs, squirrels, tree snakes Mammals at ground have large and sturdy bodies to move and push plants away

10. MONSOON DECIDUOUS FOREST BIOME

11. Monsoon deciduous forest biome Location: The Neotropics (mainly west indies ) Indo Malaysian zone Eastern Africa ,northern Australia Climate: Two distinct season moist season and dry season Average temperature 27 to 32 C Maximum temperature 38 to 48 c Rainfall 1500mm in some areas less than 500mm

12. Plant community: Plant species are less evergreen than evergreen forest Height of plant about 12m to 30m Most of trees are deciduous but shrubs are evergreen Lianas and epiphytes can be seen , Sal ,teak trees are present Bamboo is more important member Numerous trees ,climbers, shrubs, and grasses.

13. Animal community: Less no of animals than evergreen forest Animals are breeding and migrating behaviour Animals range from microorganism to very large animals like elephants, horses, rhinos, hippo, lions, forest buffalo, birds of several species

14. Adaption: Mammals are large and sturdy bodies Rough skin and protective coloration Animals shows migrating behavior

15. Boreal Forest Biome

16. Boreal forest biome Also called as temperate coniferous forest biome or taiga biome Location: Siberia , north A merica and Eurasia Totally absent in southern hemisphere Climate: Annual precipitation 370mm to 600 mm Bitterly cold season Heavy snow fall during winter Temperature during summer 25 c and upto-40 c in winter

17. Boreal forest biome Vegetation community: Pine, fir , spruce, larch this trees are present This trees are very dominant in this area Most of coniferous trees are evergreen Leaves are thick leathery and needle shaped trees height 12m to 21m in mountain they main attain height of even 100m. Animal community: Shows sap sucking adaptation Species are burrowing and grazing type Herbivores animal such as moose Invertebrates like larch sawfly ,pine sawfly spruce budworm blackfly who suck bloods from mammals Dominant predators timber wolf and lynx, bears, wolverines Birds such as spruce groups , owls and hawks, caterpillar, red squirrels

18. Adaptation: Animals have fur coatings to survive in low temperature Plants have needle shaped leaves Plants have cone shaped canopy which help in snowfall period

19. Tundra Biome

20. Tundra biome Location : include parts of Alaska , extreme north part of Canada , coastal strips of Greenland and the artic seaboard region of European Russia and northern Siberia These biome divided into two types artic tundra biome and alpine tundra biome Climate: Absence of isolation sunlight ,very low temperature throughout year Ground surface covered with snow at least for 7 to 8 months Speedy cold powdery storms are observed they called as blizzards Annual precipitation is below 400mm mostly in forms of snow growing season is less than 50 days

21. Tundra biome Vegetation community: Supports only lichens and mosses Soil favours dwarf herbaceous plant Vegetation is cryophytes Height between 5to 8cm Such herbaceous plants include willow This plant can survive up to 150 to 300 years Animal community: Are divided into two groups a)migrant animal b)Resident animal American musk ox ,Artic fox, rain deer, caribou Resident bird ptarmigan, waterfowl, ducks swans geese etc.

22. Adaptation: Plants have developed cryophytic adaptation Animals are very tolerant to low temperature They burrow under snow to avoid low body temperature Have very thick fur coat

23. Thank you !