FOUNDATION OF GUIDANCE & COUNSELING.pdf

Philosophical, Psychological, Sociological and Anthropological Foundation of Guidance & Counseling

1. GUIDANCE & COUNSELING
CHERRIE RED L. ABILAR
FOUNDATION OF

2. Contents
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SOCIOLOGICAL
PSYCHOLOGICAL
PHILOSOPHICAL
ANTHROPOLOGICAL

3. PHILOSOPHY
- Greek philo(love) and sophia (wisdom)
- “the love of wisdom”.
- It is the study of the most basic and profound matters of human
existence which includes understanding the self which is the core
of guidance & counseling

4. emphasized that reason, innate ideas,
and deductions guide knowledge. Self-
awareness was highlighted.
Rationalism
Rationalism

5. Empiricism-
experience was the source of
knowledge and that learning was a
process of accumulating a series of
sensory experiences.

6. We are defined by our existence, and our
existence is made up of our relationship
to other people and things in the world.
EXISTENCE & WORLD
Existentialism-
believes on the nature of existence varies
and is individualized to each person.
NATURE OF EXISTENCE
They believe each person must choose and commit to
meaning and direction in life.

7. Sophocles
storytelling is a valuable medium
for exploring psyche and
circumstances.Releasing of
emotional pain and grief through
drama.
Phythagoras
fulfilment and peace of mind
came from understanding the
harmony of universe. This was
best achieved by music and
mathematics
PHILOSOPHERS

8. Choice was only possible and
meaningful in those who could
exert control over their
passions. We are social
creatures, therefore, we learn
with and in relation to others
more than via introspection and
isolation. If we turn from God, the result
can only be evil. We find
ourselves only within God. We
develop ourselves only through
God. God is our counselor, the
method of contact is prayer.
Plato
self-expression is inseparable
from self-control. Self-
discipline, reason and reflection
distinguished us from other
forms of life and allowed us to
be self-aware. Personal
development could not take
place without the development
of the society of which we are
part.
Aristotle
St. Augustine

9. There is no such thing as direct
or pure observation.
Observations are always, by
their very nature, constructions
of events. Constructions of
human perception are
determined by individual mental
sets.
Thomas Hobbes
He believed that a central royal
authority was essential. Without
such authority, our lives were
‘nasty, brutish, and short’. Social
values shaped individual
conscience more than vice-
versa. Therefore, society was
the bedrock of individual
identity, development and well-
being.
Immanuel Kant

10. Man can know only what is
inside his phenomenal field;
even inferences are made on
the basis of the organization
of his field
Human organisms have an
organization of potentialities
(possibilities) which remain relatively
stable throughout life,
“differentiating” and “weakening or
strengthening” rathen than
“changing”.
Guidance is concerned with
the “optimum development”
of each man’s (presupposed)
potentialities.
Understanding the client
precedes assisting him
Empathy is possible because
of the common meanings due
to culture and common
objects of experience.
The dignity and worth of the
individual , and his right to
pursue his own lifestyle, is
presupposed.
Carlton
Beck

11. Personnel work is concerned
with the student’s future.
Hence there must be effective
plans drawn up for a continuus
and long range program
deisgned to help esch
students as he grows and
develops.
Guidance is a prime
advocate of the doctrine
of individual difference.
Variation is not only to be
accepted as a fact but it is
to be encouraged.
See the individual
totally. That is, to judge
him as a person of
many faceys, not as
one-dimensioanl
subject to be studied in
isolation.
Treat the individual with
dignity. Respect his worth
as a person in his own
right, since guidance is a
mutual relationship
GILBERT WRENN
Personnel work is most effective
when it uses a number of different
methods. To help pupils use whatever
means are available to consummate
the desired goal.

12. PSYCHOLOGY- study of behavior
and mental processes
- The main psychological functions through which individuals
interact with the environment and create process representations
of the environment and him/herself (perception, emotion,
motivation, memory, learning, thinking and reasoning, language and
communication).

13. FIELDS OF PSYCHOLOGY
Social
psychology
concerned with assessing and
treating mental illness, abnormal
behavior, and psychiatric
problems. This psychology
specialty area provides
comprehensive care and
treatment for complex mental
health problems
Clinical
psychology
how social influence, social
perception and social interaction
influence individual and group
behavior
focus on human growth and
changes across the lifespan,
including physical, cognitive,
social, intellectual, perceptual,
personality and emotional
growth.
DEVELOPMENTAL
PSYCHOLOGY
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Educational
psychology
how humans learn and retain
knowledge, primarily in educational
settings like classrooms. This includes
emotional, social, and cognitive
learning processes

14. Sociological Foundation
The basic foundation of sociology
is the belief that a person's
attitudes, actions, and
opportunities are shaped by all of
these aspects of society. The
sociological perspective is
fourfold: Individuals belong to
groups. Groups influence our
behavior.

15. ANTHROPOLOGICAL
study of the origin and
development of human
societies and cultures. Culture
is the learned behavior of
people, including their
languages, belief systems,
social structures, institutions,
and material goods.

16. Thanks!